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AIRAIRAIRAIRAIRAIRAIRAIRAIRAIR
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War in the Air
Group A		-1903: first airpline flight by Wright Brothers
-countries had to keep up with advancing technology of aircrafts
-had to figure out how to use weapons in planes
-if countries didn't develop technology fast enough, they would fall behind		-1911: Italians became first to make military use of airplane. They dropped grenades
-1912: Italians first to drop bombs from military aircrafts
-first few mounts of machine guns weren't successful b/c made front of plane too heavy
-WWI showed the planes capabilities
-start of the war: they had planes, but by end of war: planes were much more advanced
-France had fewer than 140 aircrafts when war started, when it ended it had 4500
-aireil photography: used to use balloons to take pictures, but now use military aircrafts
-air power didn't play huge part in who won war, but war played huge part in developing aircrafts
-invention of sea plane-big factor
-to counteract planes they invented aircraft deterrence machinery + balloon guns
-by end of WWI: all countries combined had created 173,112 aircrafts
-beginning of war: aircrafts could go at top speed 116 km/h but by 1917: aircrafts could go at top speed 222 km/h		-beginning of war, British air forces had fewer than 300 officers + 1800 men, by end of war there were 27,000 officers + nearly 300,000 men
-cameras were improved
-spotlights were used in war
-Britan put 907 kg of bombs on ONE aircraft
-aircrafts became more powerful and maneuverable		-opinion: "aviation is a good sport, but for the army it is useless" -General Foch
-At beginning of war: few generals saw aircrafts as more than tool for observation but by end of war: key part of planned stategies
-different aircrafts had different symbols on them to show countries nationality		A-Made the war overall more violent
-More ways to fight/kill people
-created more options (dropping bombs from sky instead of just shooting)
-scout out with planes where people were, created more uncertainty for attackings
-new technology is constantly being created, if there is a war new technology will need to be created which will play role in war
-war will help develop more technology but not to such an extreme extent		-bombs
-mounted machine guns
-the aircrafts themselves improved greatly
-aircraft deterrence
-the ability for planes to land on both land and water		-the countries had to keep up with each other's technological advances however planes did not affect the war as much as the war affected technological advances
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War in the Air
Group B		- War started only about a decade after the Wright Brothers' first flight
- At the beginning of the war, aircraft was only considered useful in reconnossaince missions
- Before the war, planes were used for entertainment and sport
- At the beginning of the war, planes were flimsy, slow, and unarmed - by the end, they were faster, more manoeuverable, and had arms
- Red Baron - German hero who created a cleaner form of war
- "At the beginning of the war, planes were used for observation, by the end they were used as a way to take out enemy observers"
- Zeppelins were used more as a psychological attack than a physical attack - the point was to induce panic
- Zeppelins were used for stategic bombing
- Throughout the war, airplane technology evolved to create aircraft for specific tasks, which improved efficiency
- At the beginning of the war, France had less than 140 aircraft, by the end France had produced 68,000 (52,000 of which were lost in battle)
- Fokker developed a machine gun whose rate of fire was controlled by the turning of the propeller		- Air power did not play a decisive role in the war, but did prove that it could be useful in the future
- In 1918, British created the first independent and autonomous airforce
- Photography improved - aerial view photographs were a major part of documentation of the war
- Aircraft carriers and pilot-less drones
- Air traffic control was improved, as well as opporational two way radios
- Lack of mass bombing in WWI lead to eagerness to do so in WWII
- BMW created plane engine, now they build cars
- wireless tech for planes to communicate with people on the ground		- Air Aces of WWI were used as propaganda because they were quite "glamorous" especially compared to footage of trenches - they'd keep track of their score (number of enemy planes taken down), and gave awards, etc
- Bombing lead to suffering German industrial output which made the people nervous (this concept - destroying homeland rather than just beating at the front - was used in future wars)
BWorld War I brought war to a new playing field. It broadened the battlefield and produced a score of new military techniques and advancements that now play a huge role in modern warfare. Aerial bombing is now a major aspect of war - it's very strategic in terms of targetting areas with dense populations, industrial centers, and centers for transportation and communication.Yes, no matter what we will always continue to innovate in terms of warfare. Everybody wants an advantage, and war forces fast innovation if your nation wants to remain competitive. Already in the 21st Century, we've witnessed the beginnings of drone warfare and threats of nuclear warfare, as well as technological warfare with new approaches to hacking and distribution of government information.The concept of using planes in a wartime setting was most significant. More than 100 new models were developed to carry out very specific tasks, which improved the efficiency and tactical ease of war.Although airplanes were not a deciding factor in the outcome of WWI, air-based warfare became a norm through its testing of the success of using aircraft in war. Additionally, the Germans felt as though they'd lost the war before they officially had, because they were being hit so hard in their homeland, which was made possible only through the Allies' use of aerial bombing.
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War in the Air
Group C		-When WW1 started aircraft was used for reconnaissance
-Mass troop movements often went undetected by aricrafts
-Many countries were antagonistic towards the concept of warfare in the sky
-Shortness of engines and spares limited countries such as Russia from expanding their aircraft warfare
-In august 1914 there were few aircraft ready for action
- At the beginning of the war, planes were flimsy, slow, and unarmed - by the end, they were faster, more manoeuverable, and had arms
-1914 -1918: After the assassination of Fraz Ferdinand, developemnt of air craft technology exploded!
- At the beginning of the war, France had less than 140 aircraft, by the end France had produced 68,000 (52,000 of which were lost in battle)
-Pilots flying 20,000 feet or higher had wide range of visibility
-The kite balloon, a german invention, was pirated by the french and belgians. Looked like an inflated sausage
-Developments in aerial surveying advanced as well as communications from air to ground
-Photography was also used from the sky to document enemy positions
-German Fokkers were planes that were fitted ith interrupter gear by mid-1915, so thier guns could be fired from between propellers of planes		-Access to islands and places not previously acessible
-Planes used as bombers throughout the war
-France lost 77 percent of all aircraft during war
-Planes were exoitc weapons but unrealible for this time period
-Many factories dedicated to building parts for aircraft
-The French government started awarding the title of Ace to Pilots after they had took down 5 enemy aircraft.
-Germany and Britain and US followed, and gave pilots an incentive to kill
-^^made them feel loyal to their country (nationalism)
-The German aircraft warfare was so strong following WWI that Hermann Goering believed that Germany could destroy Britain using air warfare alone in the Battle of Britain during WWII
-Countries didn't antipicate war in the air, and thus were unprepared for any potential battles.
-Led to targets being seen even less as people, minimized one-on-one combat, made it easier to objectively kill targets		-Lots of aerial propaganda. People would drop propaganda from aircrafts
- People feared the Zeppelin
-Afer the war, commercial airlines were developed
-Before War, people viewed flying as a good sport, but it felt it was useless in war
-^^ That lead to a delay of development for air craft as a weapon.
-If you downed five enemy aircrafts you would be declared an "Ace" in France
-Then Germany and U.S. followed suit, with similar awards for pilots that had been successful at hitting targets		C-Expanded the battlefield
-Increased scope of battle--pilots could see more and see enemy's movements
-Made it easier to dehumanize the enemy: a pilot simply had to aim at another aircraft/tiny figures on the ground and shoot
-Unlikely that there will be as much of an expanse of battlefield as there was when air warfare developed
-Drones have been developed in our lifetime, have again radically changed the nature of battle because now war has become even less human and more removed		- Planes that were bombers and can shoot amunition
These were important because it revoluntionized war in the air
-Devolpment of aireal survillence and communcation with the ground.
These inovations allowed for a greater and more complex battle
-Planes became easier to fly and manuever.
This led us to the devolpment of commerical airlines		-Changed scope of battles
-War on three planes: land, water, and now air
-Made whichever country that had stronger aircraft and aircraft technology more likely to win a battle
-Gave countries with extensive aircraft a huge advantage on the battlefield
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-Planes used as bombers throughout the war
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