A | B | C | D | E | F | G | |
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1 | Required Elements | Information Presented | |||||
2 | Behaviorism | Cognitivism | Constructivism | ||||
3 | Piaget's believe that humans learn one logical structure after another | ||||||
4 | Brief History | 1 | Pavlov's Experienments with dogs | Derived from the latin term Cogonscere | Dewey believed that school was a place to use real life applications to learn | ||
5 | 2 | Observations of people's actions to rewards | Behaviorsts argued that thinking is a behavior | Vygotsky brought in the social aspects of education as a positive thing | |||
6 | 3 | Observations of peoples actions to consequences | Cognitivist believe thinking impacts behavior | Instructional Technology was introduced | |||
7 | 4 | Consistent reponses to the same stimuli | Became a dominant force in psychology | Beginning of 21st Century Skills concept in education | |||
8 | 5 | Concept of people being materialistic and intrinsic | Emerged in education in 70's, 80's, 90's | ||||
9 | |||||||
10 | Description | Looks at how people learn through informational | Explanation of what is occurring in the mind during | ||||
11 | processing involving thought and problem solving. | learning - subjective and personal | |||||
12 | |||||||
13 | |||||||
14 | Key Principles | 1 | Classical Conditioning - consistent reponse to stimuli | Focus on internal responses/thought | MODEL | ||
15 | 2 | Operant Conditioning- positive rewards | Create environment with lots of tools to develop understanding | Engage/Explore | |||
16 | 3 | Operant Conditioning - negative consequences | Cognitive Apprenticeship Model | Concept Definition - Concept Application | |||
17 | 4 | People's behaviors affects learning | Understand the info-processing is different with each stage | Relate to one's life experiences | |||
18 | 5 | Change teaching strategies to affect behavior | Failure can be used to be a good thing (to learn from it) | Posing problems and questions - Discover answers | |||
19 | |||||||
20 | Theorists/ | 1 | John B. Watson | Erickson | Piaget | ||
21 | Contributors | 2 | Ivav Pavlov | Gagne | Vygotsky | ||
22 | 3 | B.F. Skinner | Bloom | Dewey | |||
23 | etc | Lewin, Anderson & Mayer, and many others | Socrates, Bruner, Ausubel, Glaserfeld, and others | ||||
24 | |||||||
25 | |||||||
26 | Goals for | 1 | Computer-Based Instruction (Instructional Tech.) | Bloom's Taxonomy | ZPD - modeling | ||
27 | Instruction | 2 | Direct Instruction | Gagne's Learning Taxonomies to classify learners | Problem Based Learing | ||
28 | 3 | Positive support - rewards for good things | Merrill's Component Display Model | Collaboration among peers | |||
29 | 4 | Negative support - consequences for bad things | Inferences due to communications and emphasis | Build personal interpretations | |||
30 | 5 | World Based Experiences | |||||
31 | 6 | Interactive | |||||
32 | 7 | ||||||
33 | |||||||
34 | Keywords to | 1 | Direct Instruction | short term memory | Multiple Intelligences | ||
35 | describe | 2 | Classical Conditioning | long term memory | Collaborative Learning | ||
36 | learning process | 3 | Operant Conditioning | working memory load | Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) | ||
37 | 4 | Positvie Behavior Support | multia media instructional design | Problem based learning | |||
38 | 5 | Rewards - Consequences | brain-based learning | Anchored Instruction | |||
39 | |||||||
40 | |||||||
41 | How learning | 1 | Background Knowledge | Social-learning theory | Linguistic | ||
42 | takes place | 2 | Connections btwn old ideas and new ones | Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic values | Logical-mathematical | ||
43 | 3 | Progession of behaviors from early childhood to adult | Sensory memory - short term memory - long term memory | Spatial | |||
44 | 4 | Consistancy | Asking lots of questions | Bodily-Kinesthetic | |||
45 | 5 | Expectations affect behavior | Hands on activities | Musical | |||
46 | 6 | Rewards and Consquences | Intrapersonal | ||||
47 | 7 | Interpersonal | |||||
48 | Naturalist | ||||||
49 | Real Life applications | ||||||
50 | |||||||
51 | Instructional | 1 | Give specific examples to compare/contrast | Hands on tools to touch - to compare and contrast | Visual venn diagrams/t-charts (visual learner) | ||
52 | Strategies | Venn Diagrams | Discussion/Collaboration (auditory learner) | ||||
53 | (Marzano's Nine) | Compare/Contrast paragraphs/essay | Physically move object to fit in categories (Spatial and Kinesthetic) | ||||
54 | Allow students to explore 2 topics to compare/contrast | Create songs comparing reptiles/amphibians (natualist, musical) | |||||
55 | T Charts | ||||||
56 | |||||||
57 | 2 | Note takeing from teacher's lecture | KWL charts | Cooperative learning activity - Have students broken into groups. Give | |||
58 | Note takeing from textbook | each student a particular role/assignment, then they share their | |||||
59 | 2 - 3 column notes for vocab | discoveries with the rest of their groups | |||||
60 | IVF statements | ||||||
61 | Summary of chapters | ||||||
62 | |||||||
63 | 3 | Positive Behavior Support - provide lots of recognition | Blogs | Blogs | |||
64 | for good behaviors/completing assignments on time | End of the quarter awards | end of the quarter awards | ||||
65 | Stickers/stamps on graded work | Provide a safe classroom environment | |||||
66 | Blogs - allow students' peers to comment on each other's | ||||||
67 | work | ||||||
68 | End of the quarter awards | ||||||
69 | |||||||
70 | 4 | Provide direct instruction to homework | Hands on activities for practice/homework | Providing applications/connections to real life experiences | |||
71 | Webquests | Limit number of rules to classroom | Make homework current and relevant | ||||
72 | Routines/Procedures - Warm Up question everyday | Math/Vocab drills for retainment | |||||
73 | Provide time limits to homework | ||||||
74 | Make homework current and relevant | ||||||
75 | Math drills for practice | ||||||
76 | |||||||
77 | 5 | Pictures for vocabulary terms | Skits to represent vocabulary | Same as behaviorism | |||
78 | Pictures for reading passages | ||||||
79 | Pictures/symbols for to show an entire reading | ||||||
80 | assignment | ||||||
81 | Signals to students to warn/reward behavior choices | ||||||
82 | |||||||
83 | 6 | Essential Question provided for every lesson | Students create personal goals for learning | Same as behaviorism and cognitivism | |||
84 | Essential Question provided for every unit | Ownership opportunities | |||||
85 | Providing objectives for lessons to proved a purpose | ||||||
86 | for the assignment | ||||||
87 | |||||||
88 | 7 | Rubrics | Personal reflection or behavioral issues | same as behaviorism and cognitivism | |||
89 | Written explanations to graded assignments | Construction of personal rubrics (great way to differientiate) | |||||
90 | Blogs | ||||||
91 | Managing Behavior problems with some type of rubric | ||||||
92 | Direct emails for communication | ||||||
93 | |||||||
94 | 8 | Science Labs -cookbook style | Hands on labs - as much as possible | Science Inquiry based labs | |||
95 | Coming up with a problem and testing it with the | Self reflection of discovery through scientific inquiry | Active learning experiences | ||||
96 | scientific method | Simulations labs | Cooperative Grouping | ||||
97 | Stimulate predictions/hypotheses through guidance of | Ability to interpret graphs | |||||
98 | teachers probing | ||||||
99 | Taking data and generating questions | ||||||
100 |