ABCDEF
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Universal Design for LearningLearning TheoriesMarzano's Nine
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Key Principles1.Representation1. BehaviorismResearch shows the following Nine Strategies
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a. perceptiona. Classical Conditioningmake effective instruction and learning:
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b. language, mathematical expressions & symbolsb. Operant Conditioning
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c. comprehensionc. Rewards - Consquences concept1. Identifying Simliarities/Differences
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2. Summarizing & Notetaking
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2. Action & Expression2. Cognitivism3. Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition
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a. physical actiona. Informational processing4. Homework & Practice
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b. expression & communicationb. Problem Solving5. Nonlinguistic Representations
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c. executive functionsc. Social-Learning Theory6. Cooperative Learning
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7. Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback
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3. Engagement3. Constructivism8. Generating & Testing Hypotheses
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a. recruiting interesta. Multiple Intelligences9. Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers
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b. sustaining effort and persistenceb. Collaborative learning
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c. self-regulationc. Problem-based learning
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Goals for InstructionRepresention: resourceful, knowledgeable Behaviorism: Direct instruction; positive vs. Meeting the needs of each individual student by
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learners; understanding the "what" of the negative support; computer based instructionusing each of the nine strategies.
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subject.
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Action & Expression: strategic, goal-directed Cognitivism: Bloom's Taxonomy, brain-based
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learners; understanding the "how" of the learning, accessing short term/long term memory
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idea/subject.
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Engagement: purposeful, motivated learners; Constructivism: anchored instruction, meeting
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understanding the "why" of the idea/subject. the individual needs by touching on all
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intelligences.
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Classroom PracticeRepresentation:Behaviorism: (With Marzano's Nine) Identifying Similiarities & Differences
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Venn Diagrams1. Give specific examples to compare/contrastGive specific examples to compare/contrast
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Color Contrasted NotesVenn DiagramsVenn Diagrams
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Metaphores & Analogies for vocabularyCompare/Contrast paragraphs/essayCompare/Contrast paragraphs/essay
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Tone of voice with direct instructionAllow students to explore 2 topics to compare/contrastAllow students to explore 2 topics to compare/contrast
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Notes with a templateT ChartsT Charts
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Colored Graphs for visualization
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Pictures/Symbols to represent words and phrases2. Note takeing from teacher's lectureSummarizing & Notetaking
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Concept Maps or T ChartsNote takeing from textbookNote takeing from teacher's lecture
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2 - 3 column notes for vocabNote takeing from textbook
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Action & Expression: IVF statements2 - 3 column notes for vocab
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IVF StatementsSummary of chaptersIVF statements
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5 Paragraph EssaysSummary of chapters
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Pictures & Symbols to represent words or phrases3. Positive Behavior Support - provide lots of recognition
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Rubricsfor good behaviors/completing assignments on timeReinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition
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Words/Phrases can be used to access backgroundStickers/stamps on graded workPositive Behavior Support - provide lots of recognition
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knowledgeBlogs - allow students' peers to comment on each other'sfor good behaviors/completing assignments on time
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Hands on ActivitiesworkStickers/stamps on graded work
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End of the quarter awardsBlogs - allow students' peers to comment on each other's
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Engagement:work
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Goals (measurable); individualistic4. Provide direct instruction to homeworkEnd of the quarter awards
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Timed QuizzesWebquests
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Time limitis on homeworkRoutines/Procedures - Warm Up question everydayHomework & Practice
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personal recognition for students effort & Provide time limits to homework Provide direct instruction to homework
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achievementMake homework current and relevantWebquests
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Verbal & Written praiseMath drills for practiceRoutines/Procedures - Warm Up question everyday
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self reflection on gradesProvide time limits to homework
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answering essential questions5. Pictures for vocabulary termsMake homework current and relevant
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rubrics/criteria/expectations for tasksPictures for reading passagesMath drills for practice
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scientific inquiry through labs. Pictures/symbols for to show an entire reading
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assignmentNonlinguistic Representations
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Assistive Technologies: Signals to students to warn/reward behavior choicesPictures for vocabulary terms
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online textbooks that read to youPictures for reading passages
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dictation devices6. Essential Question provided for every lessonPictures/symbols for to show an entire reading
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Zen GardenEssential Question provided for every unitassignment
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AIM ExplorerProviding objectives for lessons to proved a purposeSignals to students to warn/reward behavior choices
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virtual keyboardfor the assignment
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techmatrixSetting Objectives and Providing Feedback
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camera mouse7. RubricsEssential Question provided for every lesson
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blogsWritten explanations to graded assignmentsEssential Question provided for every unit
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websites such as jog the web; live binders, etc.BlogsProviding objectives for lessons to proved a purpose
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Managing Behavior problems with some type of rubricfor the assignment
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Direct emails for communication
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Cooperative Lerning
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8. Science Labs -cookbook styleMake sure each student has a job in
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Coming up with a problem and testing it with the the project. Create criteria for a
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scientific methodguideline.
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Stimulate predictions/hypotheses through guidance of
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teachers probingSetting Objectives and Providing Feedback
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Taking data and generating questionsRubrics
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Written explanations to graded assignments
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9. KWL ChartsBlogs
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Concept Maps for vocabularManaging Behavior problems with some type of rubric
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"Wait Time" for Q & A sessionsDirect emails for communication
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Brings focus to teacher's topic by starting the day
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with 1 essential question to the lesson (usingGenerating & Testing Hypotheses
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Bloom's taxonomy as a guideline)Science Labs -cookbook style
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T-Charts, Venn Diagrams, etc. Coming up with a problem and testing it with the
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scientific method
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Stimulate predictions/hypotheses through guidance of
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Cognitivism (With Marzano's Nine)teachers probing
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1. Hands on tools to touch - to compare and contrastTaking data and generating questions
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2. KWL charts
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3. BlogsQuestions, Cues & Advance Organizers
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End of the quarter awardsKWL Charts
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4. Provide a safe classroom environmentConcept Maps for vocabular
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Hands on activities for practice/homework"Wait Time" for Q & A sessions
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Limit number of rules to classroomBrings focus to teacher's topic by starting the day
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Math/Vocab drills for retainmentwith 1 essential question to the lesson (using