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Why Cite?

To show you have done your research.
To give credit to other researchers.
To avoid plagiarism.
To allow your reader to track down your sources. They may want to use them.

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What do we cite?

Any facts or figures that aren’t common knowledge.
Ideas, or theories.
Someone’s exact words or any information you are paraphrasing.

If in doubt? Cite it!

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The Basics

1 inch margins.
12 pt. Times New Roman font.
Double spaced.
One space after punctuation marks.
Indent first line of all paragraphs ½ inch.
Print on 8.5 x 11 paper.

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Header

Upper right hand corner.

Your last name and page number, flush to the right margin.

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Upper left hand corner list your name, teacher’s name, course name and the date (Day/Month/Year).

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Double spaced and centered.
Do not underline or italicize.

The Title of Your Paper

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Works Cited Page:

Works Cited on a separate page.
1 inch margins.
Same header as your paper with your last name and page number.
Center the words “Works Cited” at the top of the page.

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Works Cited Format

Works Cited

Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." The New York Times, 22 May 2007, www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/science/earth/22ander.html?_r=0. Accessed 29 May 2019.

Ebert, Roger. Review of An Inconvenient Truth, directed by Davis Guggenheim. Ebert Digital LLC, 1 June 2006, www.rogerebert.com/reviews/an-inconvenient-truth-2006. Accessed 15 June 2019.

Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, vol. 14, no. 1, 2007, pp. 27-36.

Harris, Rob, and Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” The New York Times, 17 May 2007, www.nytimes.com/video/world/americas/1194817109438/clinton-on-climate-change.html. Accessed 29 July 2016.

Works cited are in alphabetical order by author’s last name.
Works cited are double spaced and aligned with the left margin.
Indent the second and subsequent lines by .5 inches, creating a hanging indent.

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Your Citations Should Have:

In the following order:

Author.
Title of source.
Title of container,
Other contributors,
Version,
Number,
Publisher,
Publication date,
Location.

Each element should be followed by the corresponding punctuation mark shown above.

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Why Annotate?

Keep track of key ideas and questions
Formulate thoughts and questions for deeper understanding
Fosters analyzing and interpreting texts
Encourages reader to make inferences and draw conclusions about the text
Allows reader to easily refer back to the text without rereading the text in its entirety
Helps other researchers locate resources that have been published about their topic

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Annotated Bibliography

What is it?

An annotated bibliography includes a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources.

Summarize: What are the main arguments? What is the point of this book or article? What topics are covered? If someone asked what this article/book is about, what would you say?
Assess: Evaluate it. Is it a useful source? How does it compare with other sources in your bibliography? Is the information reliable? Is this source biased or objective? What is the goal of this source?
Reflect: Was this source helpful to you? How does it help you shape your argument? How can you use this source in your research project? Has it changed how you think about your topic?

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In the sample annotation above, the annotation includes a summary, an evaluation of the text, and a reflection on its applicability to his/her own research, respectively.

Sample Annotated Citation:

Lamott, Anne. Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life. Anchor Books, 1995.

Lamott's book offers honest advice on the nature of a writing life, complete with its insecurities and failures. Taking a humorous approach to the realities of being a writer, the chapters in Lamott's book are wry and anecdotal and offer advice on everything from plot development to jealousy, from perfectionism to struggling with one's own internal critic.