Intertextual Semiotics
From Subdiscipline to Transdiscipline
Lauro Zavala
�Contents
Theory: Etymology / Methodology
History: Etiology / Ideology
Analysis: Typology / Pedagogy
Sources Bibliography / Filmography
Etymology �-------------------------------------�
Text = Web (of signs) (of meanings) (of signifiers)
Antidisciplinay / Transdisciplinary Concept
Intertext = Relations between texts
Texts linked to other texts (Web of webs)
Hypotexts (texts to which a text alludes) are of 2 kinds:
-- Pretext = Individual text (modern intertext)
-- Architext = Code or genre (postmodern intertext)
Intertextual Semiotics
Formalist Semiotics
(Textual)
H. Bloom (1973) G. Genette (1984)
Pretextuality Architextuality
Modern Posmodern
M. Bajtín (1962) J. Kristeva (1969)
Social Semiotics
(Contextual)
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Typology�-------------------------------------
25 Intertextual Strategies
Allegory = Context of equivocity: anything means anything else
Allusion = Implicit reference to a specific pre-text
Anamorphosis = Deliberate distorsion of the rules of representation
Appropriation = Deliberate copy with shift in thechnique (hommage)
Collage = Syntagmatic superposition where difference is emphasized
Copy (Modern) = Copy of an original (falsification)
Copy (Postmodern) = Copy with no original (apocryph as source)
Criticism = Paradox of the Host = Criticism is a parasite to the text
In its turn, quotation is a saprophit to criticism
Ecphrasis = Poetic description of a graphic or tridimensional work
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Gloss = Paraphrasis of textual contents (explanation)
Hybridation = Architextual superposition (postmodern resource)
Hommage = Deliberate allusion to specific stylistic features
Mention = Explicit reference to a specific text (clipless lecture)
Metaparody = Parody that coexists with another intertextual strategy
Metafiction = Fiction thet makes evidente its conditions of possibility
Metalepsis = Juxtaposition of fictional levels
Hyperlepsis, Epanalepsis, Thematization, Fourth Wall
Palimpsest = Subtext that requires interpretative tools
Parody = Ironic imitation (opposed to pastiche)
Pastiche = Stylistics imitation void of irony (anironic)
Prequel = Fragment chronologically former , produced later
Quotation = Fragment of a text inscribed into another (lecture with clips)
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Series = In modern aesthetics, the part belongs in the whole (series as whole)
Series (Fractal Series) = In postmodern aesthetics, the part substitutes the whole (fragment as whole)
Sylepsis = Simultaneous reference to diferent contexts
Subtext = Palimpsest. Hidden meaning
Translation = Version adapted to the discourse of arrival (opposed to adaptation)
Intralingüistic = Lexical variations (The Incredibles)
Interlinguistic = Subtitles, dubbing (simultaneous translation)
Intrasemiotic = Remakes, retakes, parodies, pastiches, etc.
Intersemiotic = Between semiotic systems
Variations = System of iterations with differernce (Originary Repetition)
Etiology�-------------------------------------�
A study of the original sources
Intertextuality is born as a concept that is useful as a tool for literary analysis
(J. Kristeva, 1969), with roots in the translinguistic project of Mikhail Bakhtin
This concept is immediately appropriated for the analysis of non-litrerary discourses:
Political Discourse Cinematographic Discourse
Architectonic Discourse Graphic Discourse
Photographic Discourse Musical Discourse
Television Discourse Objectual Discourse
Etiology�-------------------------------------�
Intertextuality becomes autonomous and then it starts to become a terrain of humanistic research, to the point of becoming a transdisciplinary
category
Starts as a concept in literary criticism and then it becomes a field of research in humaistic and social research
Beginnings as a subdiscipline in literary criticism (Julia Kristeva)
It becomes a discipline in humanities (Michel Rifaterre)
Today it is a transdisciplinary field of research (Pavao Pavlicic)
Etiology�-------------------------------------�
1927 Valentin Voloshinov: Marxism and philosophy of language
1961 Rene Girard: El chivo expiatorio
1962 Mikhail Bakhtin: Dostoevski’s Poetics
1962 Claude Levi-Strauss: The savage mind
1964 Roland Barthes: “Rhetorics of Image”
1969 Julia Kristeva: Semiotics
1973 Harold Bloom: The anxiety of influence
1982 Tzvetan Todorov: “The Dialogic Principle”
1984 Gerard Genette: Palimpsests
2005 Mary Orr: Intertextuality
Etiología�-------------------------------------�
En español
1980 Julia Kristeva: Semiótica (Traducción en España)
1993 Memorias del Congreso de Paraguay 1991 (Argentina)
1993 Congreso sobre Mijaíl Bajtín (Cocoyoc, México)
1993 Criterios, UAM Xochimilco (Cuba / México):
Nycz, Pavlicic, Lotman, Hutcheon
1996 Cristina Álvarez: La teoría poética de Bloom (España)
1996 Helena Beristáin: Intertextualidad (México)
1997 Desiderio Navarro: Intertextualité (Cuba)
2001 Enrique Martínez: La intertextualidad literaria (España)
2002 Enrique Santos: Borges – Calvino (España)
2007 Lauro Zavala: Manual de análisis narrativo (México)
Ideology�-------------------------------------�
Verisimilitude
Thematization of the semiotic conditions of possibilty of the text:
Codes of verisimilitude (rules of logic causality, codes of discoursive genre, conventions of common sense, ideologic presuppositions or
ironic strategies)
Thematization of the material conditions of possibility of the text:
Process of production (creation, format), distribution, reception, interpretation
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Analysis in Graphic Design
Proposition
Original Problema / Graphic solution
Micropragmatic Description
Textual field (synthesis of ideogram): verbal plane
Iconic field (intextual elements): visual images
Iconologic field (iconogram: connotations of the visual ennoncé)
Entymematic field (relations between iconogram - ideogram): ideologic implicits
Macropragmatic Analysis
Topic field (visual techniques)
Tropologic field (figures of visual rhetorics)
Macropragmatics
Degree of polysemy (possibilities of resemantization)
Co-text of reading (latent semantism): other present discourses
Iconographic field (context of production): sociohistoric dimension
General conclusión (convention, rupture of conventions or paradoxic game)
(to whom / from where / how / efficacy)
Bibliography�-------------------------------------�
Alcira Arancibia, Juana, ed.: Literatura como intertextualidad. IX Simposio Internacional de Literatura (Paraguay, 1991). Bs As, Vinciguerra / Inst. Literario y Cultural Hispánico, 1993
Álvarez de Morales Mercado, Cristina: Aproximación a la teoría poética de Harold Bloom. Universidad de Granada, 1996
Bajtín, Mijaíl: “La palabra en Dostoievski” en Problemas de la poética de Dostoievski.
México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1986 (1979), 253-375.
Bakhtin, Mikhail: “Heteroglossia in the Novel” en The Dialogic Imagination. Austin,
University of Texas Press, 1981, 301-33. (“El plurilingüismo en la novela”,
fragmento del ensayo “La palabra en la novela”, en Teoría y estética de la novela.
Madrid, Taurus, 1989, 117-48.)
Beristáin, Helena: Alusión, referencialidad, intertextualidad. México, UNAM, 1996
Bernárdez, Enrique: Teoría y epistemología del texto. Madrid, Cátedra, 1995
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Bloom, Harold: La angustia de las influencias. Una teoría de la poesía. Caracas, Monte Ávila, 1977 (1973)
Crossley, Mimi: “Un nuevo mundo prehispánico” en Artes de México, número sobre La falsificación y sus espejos (1995) (28), 32-39
Del Conde, Teresa y Alberto Blanco: Encuentros. De la historia del arte en el arte contemporáneo mexicano. México, Museo de Arte Moderno, 1993
Genette, Gérard. Palimpsestos. La literatura en segundo grado. Madrid, Taurus, 1989
----------: Umbrales. México, Siglo XXI Editores, 2001 (1987)
Girard, René: Mentira romántica y verdad novelesca. Barcelona, Anagrama, 1985 (1961)
Kristeva, Julia: Semiótica. Madrid, Lumen, 1980 (1970)
Martínez Fernández, José Enrique: La intertextualidad literaria. Madrid, Cátedra, 2001
Medina-Bocos Montarelo, Amparo: Hacer literatura con la literatura. Madrid, Akal, 2001
Mendoza, Antonio: Lecturas de museo. Orientaciones sobre la recepción de relaciones entre la literatura y las artes. U. de Barcelona / U. Santiago de Compostela, 2000
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Navarro, Desiderio (selección y traducción): Intertextualité. Francia en el origen de un término y el desarrollo de un concepto. La Habana, UNEAC / Casa de las Américas / Embajada de Francia en Cuba, 1997
---------- (selección y traduccción): Criterios. Número en Homenaje al Sexto Congreso Internacional Mijaíl Bajtín, UAM Xochimilco, 1993
Ochoa Sandy, Gerardo: “Elogio y condena del falsificador” en Artes de México, número sobre La falsificación y sus espejos (1995) (28), 50-57
Orr, Mary: Intertextuality. Oxford, Polity Press, 2005
Reyes, Graciela: Polifonía textual. La citación en el relato literario. Madrid, Gredos, 1984
Roque, Georges: “Estética de la copia” en Artes de México, número especial sobre La
falsificación y sus espejos, 1995 (28), 26-31.
Ruy Sánchez, Alberto (ed.): La falsificación y sus espejos. Artes de México, núm. 28, 1995
Santos Unamuno, Enrique: Laberintos de papel. Jorge Luis Borges e Italo Calvino en la era digital. Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 2002
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Vélez Correa, Roberto: Misterios y encantos de la intertextualidad. Manizales, Universidad de Caldas, 1997
Weinberg, Eliot: “Falsificaciones auténticas” en Artes de México, número especial
sobre La falsificación y sus espejos, 1995 (28), 16-19
Zavala, Lauro: Manual de análisis narrativo. Trillas, 2007