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Neurological System

Unit 11 Lesson 7

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Explain the function of the neurological system
Describe care interventions for clients experiencing neurological problems
Identify specific neurological signs and symptoms that are reported to the nurse

Student Learning Outcomes

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The Neurological System

Central nervous system

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

Functions

Detect and react to environmental changes

Example

Reflex actions like withdrawing hand from a thorn

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Function of the Neurological System

Sensory Processing

Involves sight, touch, hearing, taste, smell
Signals transmitted via neurons to/from brain
Neurotransmitters

Chemicals for nerve communication

Importance of protein intake for neurotransmitter production

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Cognitive Functions and Nutrition

Brain Functions

Language processing
Learning
Thinking
Glucose

Main fuel
Impacts cognitive performance

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Cognitive Functions and Nutrition continued…

Nutritional Influence

Balanced blood glucose essential for brain health
Importance of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Critical Thinking Question

Which of the following dietary choices supports cognitive function in the neurological system?

A. High-sugar snacks to boost energy quickly

B. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants

C. Meals high in saturated fats for sustained energy

D. Processed foods for convenience and taste

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Aging and Neurological Function

Impact of Aging

Slower neuron transmission, increased reaction time
Decline in sensory functions

Vision, hearing

Hearing and Peripheral Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy common in older adults
Causes numbness, tingling, and weakness in extremities

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Aging and Neurological Function continued…

Care Interventions

Ensure use of glasses, hearing aids
Encourage nutritious diet and physical activity
Promote social interaction, word games, and activities

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Critical Thinking Question

The nurse’s aide is assisting an elderly client who has difficulty hearing and seeing. They notice that the client is hesitant to participate in activities. What would be the best way to encourage their participation?

A. Schedule a private session to discuss their interests.

B. Ensure they have their glasses and hearing aids on, and invite them to a group activity.

C. Suggest they try an activity that doesn’t require much sensory involvement.

D. Allow them to observe activities until they feel comfortable joining.

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Common Neurological Conditions

Strokes
Seizures
Dementia
Emotional Support

Address emotional needs of clients and families
Monitor for signs of depression

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Parkinson’s Disease

Decreased dopamine
Slow movement
Tremors
Speech issues
Care Interventions

Monitor for changes in strength, mobility
Ensure safety, use of assistive devices
Encourage gradual physical activity

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Progressive nerve cell decline
Muscle weakness
Breathing, swallowing, and speaking difficulties
Care Interventions

Support easy-to-swallow dietary choices
Promote prescribed stretching and mobility activities
Assist with mobility equipment, provide emotional support

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Critical Thinking Question

A client with ALS is having difficulty swallowing and is at risk of aspiration. Which intervention is most appropriate?

A. Encourage them to eat slowly and in a relaxed setting.

B. Offer a high-calorie diet with nutrient-dense smoothies.

C. Provide small, easy-to-swallow meals and ensure they sit upright to eat.

D. Allow them to eat at their own pace, lying down if they prefer.

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Reporting Neurological Symptoms

Key Symptoms to Report

Changes in strength, gait, cognition
Breathing, swallowing difficulties

Importance of Timely Reporting

Ensures prompt intervention and care adjustments

Sandquist-Reuter, 2023

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Critical Thinking Question

The nurse’s aide is monitoring a client with Parkinson’s Disease. Which symptom should be promptly reported to a nurse?

A. Increased difficulty to move and frequent falls

B. Mild hand tremors when resting

C. Occasional misplacement of objects

D. Moderate joint stiffness after physical activity

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References

Sandquist-Reuter, M. (2023). Nursing Assistant. WisTech Open. https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nurseassist/

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