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Reading as problem solving

Encouraging Closer Reading in World History Classrooms

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Eric Beckman,

Independent Educator,

Anoka High School (on leave)

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Website with links

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Credit:

Anoka-Hennepin District

Secondary Reading Specialist: Dr. Julie Scullen,Literacy

Literacy Coaches: Dr. Jodie Baker, Melissa Cournia, Jeremy Parker, Kristi Romo

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Aspiration:

  • Techniques
  • Readings

EQ: How do we apprentice historians into this world of literacy?

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Why literacy in the World History classroom?

Placemat

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Strategies

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Encourage close reading using shorter texts, no initial questions

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Identify something for which to reading

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Prereading:

  • Quotation mingle
  • Possible sentences
  • Anticipation guide

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Quotation mingle (Medium prep)

“Quit India”

  • Record speculation
  • Read
  • Check

Then, historical thinking

Image: AP, via Smithsonian Magazine

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India, early 40s (Bangalore, Lahore)

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Pre-reading

Possible sentences (low prep)

  • 8-10 words, Variety
  • Read
  • Explain why sentences were correct or incorrect

“A Global View of Long Late Antiquity”

100,000

Abbasid

Canal

Damaged

Easier

Initiated

Masons

Mud

Periphery

Reliable

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Pre-reading

Anticipation guide (medium prep)

  • 4 T/F
  • Answer
  • Read
  • Explain why true or false

“The First Ayitian Revolution”

  1. Eighteenth century French philosophy created the essential context for the Haitian Revolution.
  2. The first rebellion against enslavement in the Americas happened within thirty years of Columbus’s first voyage to the Caribbean.
  3. Spanish colonizers abandoned western Hispaniola because of resistance by maroons, Tainos, and pirates.
  4. Resistance to enslavement on Hispaniola began with French colonization in 1697.

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Something to think about while reading

  • Text rendering
  • Window quotation
  • Text coding

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Text rendering

Ndansi Kumalo, longer excerpt here, context

  • Sentence
  • Phrase
  • Word

Exit slip

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While reading

Text coding (no prep)

  • Students choose codes
  • Limit

Written discussion (low prep)

  • Pile of readings, e.g. Apartheid stories
  • Big paper, heads in, e.g. Empire of Guns
    • Different colors for students

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Beyond Strategies

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They ask the questions

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Feudal

Document

Cathedral Archive of Vic (Catalonia)

Image: Jonathan Jarrett, 2014,

Examples

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In the archive

Images: Jonathan Jarrett

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What does this BEST illustrate?

Exchange Networks

Commercial Practices

Diffusion

Transportation Technology

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Observe, think, wonder. Image: Met Museum

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Griots are men of the spoken word, and by the spoken word we give life to the gestures of kings. But words are nothing but words; power lies in deeds.”

- Griot Mamoudou Kouyate

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Inside look: from Griot Mamoudou Kouyate

“After him (Sundiata) many kings and many Mansas* reigned over Mali and other towns sprang up and disappeared. Hajji** Mansa Moussa, of illustrious memory, beloved of God, built houses at Mecca for pilgrims coming from Mali, but the towns which he founded have all disappeared, Karanina, Bouroun-Kouna— nothing more remains of these towns. Other kings carried Mali far beyond Djata’s frontiers, for example Mansa Samanka and Fadima Moussa, but none of them came near Djata.

Maghan Sundiata was unique. In his own time no one equalled him and after him no one had the ambition to surpass him. He left his mark on Mali for all time and his taboos still guide men in their conduct.”

*Mansas = Emperors

**Muslim who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca

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  • Claim
  • Evidence
  • Reasoning

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From Surviving Slavery in the British Caribbean, Randy Browne, 2017, p. 23

Author’s claim

Sources of evidence, British people who traveled to Berbice and wrote about it

Sourcing analysis, the author (Browne) points out that the source (St. Clair) was not a worker, so he probably did not understand the lives of enslaved people

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Allison Bigelow,

Mining Language

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Mirror with Jaguar or Coyote Mosaic, Teotihuacan, c. 500 - 600 CE.

Source: Art Institute of Chicago

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Claim or evidence?

In the Mayan region, artist authors used hematite, an oxidized iron mineral, to represent materials like blood, stones, and rain in deep-red tones.

Records from Mesoamerica confirm the presence of iron in pre-Columbian communities and its diverse uses.

Source: Allison Margaret Bigelow, scholar, Mining Language: Racial Thinking, Indigenous Knowledge, and Colonial Metallurgy in the Early Modern Iberian World, 2020. 112.

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Claim or evidence?

Material cultural analysis provides additional insight into the artistic use of iron metals in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.

A sixth-century mirror from Teotihuacán shows how Tolteca artisans polished the surface of a single sheet of pyrite to set in relief mythological figures like Jaguar Gods, Maize Deities, and emblems of the afterlife.

Source: Allison Margaret Bigelow, scholar, Mining Language: Racial Thinking, Indigenous Knowledge, and Colonial Metallurgy in the Early Modern Iberian World, 2020. 112.

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What kind of leader was Augustus?

My…

…argument

…thinking

…writing

Evidence from…

…visuals

…written texts

…discussions

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What kind of leader was Augustus?

Quote or Paraphrase

Collaborative Writing

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What kind of leader was Augustus?

Sentence Starters

  • This evidence shows…
  • From this artifact,...
  • This quote along with the previous quote demonstrate…
  • This implies…
  • Expanding on this idea,...
  • On the one hand…, yet…

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What kind of leader was Augustus?

Sourcing

Modeling

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Which effect of the Industrialization was most significant?

My…

…argument

…thinking

…writing

Evidence from…

…visuals

…written texts

…discussions

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Which effect of the Industrialization was most significant?

Sentence Starters

  • This evidence shows…
  • From this artifact,...
  • This quote along with the previous quote demonstrate…
  • This implies…
  • Expanding on this idea,...
  • On the one hand…, yet…