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Accessibility, Universal Design and Libraries: �Let’s Broaden The Discussion

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA

Accessibility Librarian CUNY Central Office of Library Services

Assistant Professor OER Developer Brooklyn College Library

Presenter Talk:

Hello everyone. Thank you for that introduction. As - said my name is Amy Wolfe and I am the Accessibility Librarian at the City University of New York (CUNY) Central Office of Library Services and an Open Education Resources Developer at Brooklyn College CUNY.

Before I get into the heart of my talk, I did want to take a moment to thank the conference committee organizers and Mary Beth Weber, Arianna Schlegel and Rebecca Hyams specifically, for deciding to place a discussion on accessibility in such a prominent place at this conference.

I believe including accessibility and accessibility considerations into all conversations around libraries is so important.

I also wanted to thank all of you for taking time to attend this discussion.

My hope is to broaden your thoughts on accessibility and to show you ways to incorporate accessibility considerations throughout the library.

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Talk Organization

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What am I going to share?

Process of picking keynote topic
Sharing Accessibility Information

Language
Explanation of Web/Digital Accessibility Principles - POUR
Explanation of Universal Design and the 7 Universal Design Principles

Accessibility opportunities in the behind-the-scenes world of our libraries.

Job ads, interviewing and onboarding
Training and training manuals
Procurement considerations
Space and technology used by staff and librarians

Q and A or Question and Discussion

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Presenter Talk:

First I’m going to discuss why I chose to focus my talk on the behind-the-scenes accessibility of libraries.

Then I’m going to share some accessibility information. I’m going to discuss

Language – Touching on ableism and the use of language when discussing accessibility and disability. Followed by an
Explanation of the Accessibility Principles which go by the acronym POUR and then I’m going to provide an
Explanation of Universal Design and the 7 Universal Design Principles

Then I’m going to talk about how to think about and bring the things I’ve discussed (language, ableism, digital accessibility and universal design principles) into the behind-the-scenes of the libraries where you work.

I’m going to touch on:

Job ads, interviewing and onboarding.
Training and training materials.
Procurement considerations
Space and technology we use in our workspaces

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Process of picking topic

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AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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We and us, not just them

Motivating Thought: The accessibility in the products we use and our services as a profession.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Talk Focus: How we, as librarians and library workers, can incorporate accessibility into the behind-the-scenes culture of our libraries.

Presenter Talk:

When the committee reached out to me about giving this keynote address, they gave me a motivating thought about what they would like me to focus on.

That thought was “the accessibility in the products we use and our services as a profession.”

The words “we use” stuck with me. It reminded me of conversations I’ve been having with colleagues and library staff about accessibility challenges they have faced in working in libraries.

It also reminded me of an Association of Research Libraries’ webinar “Voices from the Stacks - Lived Experiences of Library Folks with Disabilities.”

The webinar, spoke to accessibility and disability from the viewpoint and perspective of librarians and library staff with disabilities and not from the viewpoint of library users with disabilities.

So I combined all of that together and decided a beneficial topic would be about how we, as librarians and library workers, can incorporate accessibility into the behind-the-scenes culture of our libraries.

This keynote is not exhaustive, though it does have a good amount of material, and I encourage all of you to take what I share with you and think broadly about what ways we can all be more mindful about accessibility and how we can include accessibility within our libraries and our lives.

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Language

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Ableism

“Ableism describes the marginalization of disabled people according to their disability status. One reflection of ableism is the language used to describe disabled people. The evolution of disability etymology influences how disability is conceptualized and how individuals interact with disability. Euphemisms, including “special needs” and “handicapped,” that were originally designed to be de-stigmatizing, ironically have been found to promote ableist ideas and discourage positive disability identity development.”

- Brinkman et al. “Shifting the discourse on disability: Moving to an inclusive, intersectional focus.”

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Presenter Talk:

What is ableism?

To quote Aurora Brinkman, a psychology professor from Washington State University

“Ableism describes the marginalization of disabled people according to their disability status. One reflection of ableism is the language used to describe disabled people.

The evolution of disability etymology influences how disability is conceptualized and how individuals interact with disability.

Euphemisms, including “special needs” and “handicapped,” that were originally designed to be de-stigmatizing, ironically have been found to promote ableist ideas and discourage positive disability identity development.”

So, what language style and terms should we use which are inclusive and not ableist?

Well, there is no one correct answer as the disability community is a diverse group of people with diverse opinions. There are 2 main language styles I’m going to discuss:

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Person-first vs Identity First

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Person-First Language

“We condemn attempts to label us as “victims,” a term that implies defeat, and we are only occasionally “patients,” a term that implies passivity, helplessness, and dependence upon the care of others. We are “People With AIDS.”

People with AIDS advisory committee. �The Denver Principles (1983)

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Person-First Language (2)

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People-first language means putting the person first in the name, as in “people with disability” or “voters with disabilities”.
People-first language puts the person before the disability, and describes what a person has, not who a person is.

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Identity-First Language

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Identity-first language means putting the identity /trait first, as in “deaf people”, “deaf students”, and/or the “Deaf community”.
Identity-first language views the trait as a central and important part of their identity and take pride in it
“Hard of hearing” tends to refer to people with mild or moderate hearing loss, those who lost hearing later in life, or those who don’t otherwise identify with the Deaf community.
Varying views on the term “hearing-impaired”

Presenter Talk:

These people prefer identity-first language, because they feel the trait is a core component of their identity.

Many use this style to celebrate disability pride and identity.

Identity-first language means putting the identity /trait first such as “Deaf librarians”

But the Deaf community is also not a monolith – there are various other terms used such as “Hard of hearing - used to refer to people with mild or moderate hearing loss, those who lost hearing later in life, or those who don’t otherwise identify with the Deaf community.

Then there is the term “hearing-impaired”

This term used to be the most common term used and was considered totally appropriate.

In fact many physicians and health professionals still use this term

However, the National Association of the Deaf says this term is no longer accepted and may even be considered offensive in the Deaf community

“It establishes the standard as ‘hearing’ and anything different as ‘impaired,’ or substandard, hindered, or damaged. It implies that something is not as it should be and ought to be fixed if possible.”.

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Autism Language

In the autism community, many self-advocates and their allies prefer terminology such as “Autistic,” “Autistic person,” or “Autistic individual” because we understand autism as an inherent part of an individual’s identity — the same way one refers to “Muslims,” “African-Americans,” “Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender/Queer,” “Chinese,” “gifted,” “athletic,” or “Jewish.”

On the other hand, many parents of Autistic people and professionals who work with Autistic people prefer terminology such as “person with autism,” “people with autism,” or “individual with ASD” because they do not consider autism to be part of an individual’s identity and do not want their children to be identified or referred to as “Autistic.” They want “person-first language,” that puts “person” before any identifier such as “autism,” in order to emphasize the humanity of their children”. – Lydia X. Z. Brown (they/them)

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Presenter Talk:

In the autism community, there is a great deal of conversation and opinions about what is the preferred language to use.

Is it person first or identity first?

From the readings that I’ve done, there doesn’t appear to be a definitive consensus within the autism community on what is preferred.

Many people in the autism community prefer identity-first language.

They view autism as a central and important part of their identity and take pride in it and are firmly against person-first language.

Additionally, some autistic people feel that identity-first language better reflects and respects neurodiversity.

Others in the autism community, however, prefer person-first language—including many parents of children with autism.

This is Lydia X. Z. Brown, an American autistic disability rights activist, speaking on this topic in their blog post titled “The Significance of Semantics: Person-First Language: Why It Matters”.

“In the autism community, many self-advocates and their allies prefer terminology such as “Autistic,” “Autistic person,” or “Autistic individual” because we understand autism as an inherent part of an individual’s identity — the same way one refers to “Muslims,” “African-Americans,” “Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender/Queer,” “Chinese,” “gifted,” “athletic,” or “Jewish.” On the other hand, many parents of Autistic people and professionals who work with Autistic people prefer terminology such as “person with autism,” “people with autism,” or “individual with ASD” because they do not consider autism to be part of an individual’s identity and do not want their children to be identified or referred to as “Autistic.” They want “person-first language,” that puts “person” before any identifier such as “autism,” in order to emphasize the humanity of their children”. – Lydia X. Z. Brown (they/them)

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Which should we use?

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Most important things to remember

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Focus on what will create the most respect.

Be flexible.

Respect an individual’s preference.

If you are unsure if you are being inclusive and respectful – ask.

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Accessibility Principles

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POUR

POUR is an acronym which is used as a way of approaching web accessibility by breaking it down into four main aspects.
Perceivable

Is content available to at least one of our senses?

Operable

Can a user successfully use controls, buttons, navigation, and other interactive elements?

Understandable

Users should be able to comprehend your content and learn and remember how to use your site.

Robust

Content must be robust enough that it can be accessed on various devices and using various technologies

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Pour video

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POUR: The 4 principles of accessibility. (2:27) URL: https://youtu.be/hs8sykCaf3E

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Pour video transcript part 1

In case video doesn’t work – here is the transcript part 1

0:11 - For a digital service to be accessible, there are four things that need to happen. So somebody
0:16 - needs to be able to perceive the content. That means that that content is available
0:20 - to at least one of their senses. So, if you have a visual impairment, can you see it because
0:28 - you can make it large enough. Is there good colour contrast? If you’re blind, does your
0:34 - screen reader work with the content and read it out to you? If you’re deaf, and there’s
0:41 - some audio, is there a text representation that you can read instead of listen to.
0:48 -The other thing that needs to happen is that somebody needs to be able to operate the website or
0:56 - the interface. So not everybody uses a mouse. Some people may have a mobility impairment
1:04 - that means that they’re forced to use a keyboard, or may use speech recognition software.
1:09 - If a service doesn’t work with the input device that somebody is using, they’re not
1:12 - going to be able to go to the page that they want to go to to or submit the information
1:16 - that they need to submit.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Presenter Talk:

In case video doesn’t work – here is the transcript

0:11 - For a digital service to be accessible, there are four things that need to happen. So somebody

0:16 - needs to be able to perceive the content. That means that that content is available

0:20 - to at least one of their senses. So, if you have a visual impairment, can you see it because

0:28 - you can make it large enough. Is there good colour contrast? If you’re blind, does your

0:34 - screen reader work with the content and read it out to you? If you’re deaf, and there’s

0:41 - some audio, is there a text representation that you can read instead of listen to.

0:48 -The other thing that needs to happen is that somebody needs to be able to operate the website or

0:56 - the interface. So not everybody uses a mouse. Some people may have a mobility impairment

1:04 - that means that they’re forced to use a keyboard, or may use speech recognition software.

1:09 - If a service doesn’t work with the input device that somebody is using, they’re not

1:12 - going to be able to go to the page that they want to go to to or submit the information

1:16 - that they need to submit.

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Pour video transcript part 2

In case video doesn’t work – here is the transcript part 2
You also need to be able to understand the content. So it’s
1:22 - all very well you receiving that content but if you can’t understand it then you won’t
1:26 - be able to do what you need to do. So people have a range of cognitive abilities. Some
1:33 - people may struggle to read due to dyslexia, maybe on the autistic spectrum, so using things
1:43 - like clear and simple language that is easy to understand, making sure that interfaces
1:49 - are consistent and predictable are really important to making sure that somebody can
1:55 - understand the content and how to use your service.

The last bit is that it needs to
1:59 - be robust and that means it’s been built in such a way that it’s compatible with
2:05 - the technology that people are using. So if somebody is using a screen reader, does it
2:10 - work with that screen reader? If somebody is using an older browser, does it work with
2:14 - that older browser? If any one of those four things don’t work then somebody won’t
2:18 - be able to have a successful interaction and complete the task that they’re trying to do.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Presenter Talk:

You also need to be able to understand the content. So it’s

1:22 - all very well you receiving that content but if you can’t understand it then you won’t

1:26 - be able to do what you need to do. So people have a range of cognitive abilities. Some

1:33 - people may struggle to read due to dyslexia, maybe on the autistic spectrum, so using things

1:43 - like clear and simple language that is easy to understand, making sure that interfaces

1:49 - are consistent and predictable are really important to making sure that somebody can

1:55 - understand the content and how to use your service.

The last bit is that it needs to

1:59 - be robust and that means it’s been built in such a way that it’s compatible with

2:05 - the technology that people are using. So if somebody is using a screen reader, does it

2:10 - work with that screen reader? If somebody is using an older browser, does it work with

2:14 - that older browser? If any one of those four things don’t work then somebody won’t

2:18 - be able to have a successful interaction and complete the task that they’re trying to do.

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Universal Design

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What is Universal Design?

Universal design is design that’s usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. -- Ron Mace, 1985
Ron Mace coined the term “universal design,” advocating for designing all products and the built environment to be aesthetic and usable to the greatest extent possible by everyone, regardless of age, ability, or status in life.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Universal Design vs Accessibility

Accessibility laws are usually focused on providing access for people with disabilities.

Universal design assumes that the range of human ability is ordinary, not special.

Universal Design focuses on inclusion.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Universal Design’s 7 principles�

The purpose of the 7 Principles is to guide the design of environments, products and communications.

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Principle 1: Equitable Use

Provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible; equivalent when not.
Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.
Make the design appealing to all users.

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Principle 2: Flexibility in Use

The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.
Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use.
Provide adaptability to the user's pace

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Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use

Eliminate unnecessary complexity.
Be consistent with user expectations and intuition.
Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills.
Arrange information consistent with its importance.
Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Principle 4: Perceptible Information

Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.
Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings.
Maximize "legibility" of essential information.
Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions).
Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Principle 5: Tolerance for Error

Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used elements, most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded.
Provide warnings of hazards and errors.
Provide fail safe features.
Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Principle 6: Low Physical Effort

Allow user to maintain a neutral body position.
Use reasonable operating forces.
Minimize repetitive actions.
Minimize sustained physical effort.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Principle 7: Size (and Space) for Approach and Use

Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user.
Make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user.
Accommodate variations in hand and grip size.
Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Bring it all together

Job ads, interviewing and hiring.
Training and training materials.
Space and technology we use in our workspaces
Procurement considerations

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Job Ads, Interviewing, and Hiring

Language review

What is the language like in your job postings?

What about internal library communications?

What to do:

Remove ableist language.

Making sure your library is using inclusive language, across the board, will show your current and prospective employees that inclusiveness is something your library values.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Job Ads, Interviewing and Hiring (2)

Job Application Website review
Does your job application site follow POUR principles?
Are the instructions on the site understandable, clear and concise?
Can an applicant use assistive technology to apply without extra effort?

Making sure your job application site is accessible will show your current and prospective employees that accessibility is something your library values.

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Job Ads, Interviewing and Hiring (3)

Library Website review

Does your library website follow POUR principles?

Both the public website and internal websites

Can users adjust the site’s text size?

Do you provide captions and transcripts for the videos you post?

Do you provide accessibility information in your directions to your library?

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Tenement Museum website https://www.tenement.org

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Job Ads, Interviewing and Hiring (4)

Are your Interviews accessible?
Do you offer various ways to interview?
Do you provide interview questions beforehand?
Do we really need day-long interviews?
Are tour routes accessible?

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Presenter Talk:

What about interviews?

Does your library offer options for the type of screening interview preferred (audio, video, text, or a combination) and I’m referring to both the interviewees and the interviewers.

Maybe all 1st interviews could be a phone interview – recognizing that traveling to an interview and getting everyone in one place can be challenging to many different people for many different reasons.

Do you offer the interview questions ahead of time to candidates?

This helps people with conditions ranging from mental health and traumatic brain injuries to auditory processing disorders and hearing loss, adequately prepare for an interview.

And those day long interviews, which happen in a lot in academic institutions, how can we make those more accommodating to everyone?

First, do we really need them?

If yes, do you plan them with accessibility in mind?

Do you provide a full-schedule to everyone?

Do you provide sufficient breaks and places where the interviewees can take those breaks so they can gather themselves, take notes or just decompress?

And

If you take the interviewee on a tour of the library (and campus if you are lucky enough to have one) do you ensure the tour is accessible?

These are just some of the things to think about on making interviews and interviewing more accessible.

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Training

Training Considerations
Are the training materials provided to you from vendors accessible?
Do they provide captioning of the videos?
What about the training materials you create?

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Procurement

Procurement Considerations
Make sure accessibility is a part of your procurement workflow
Reach out to vendors and ask them about a product’s accessibility
Both the public side and the back-end side

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Physical Space

Space Considerations

Does your library’s physical space incorporate the principles of Universal Design?

Is it designed for equitable use?

Is the space and furniture adjustable to accommodate different needs?

What about your signage?

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Presenter Talk:

What about your library’s physical space?

Is it accessible and does it follow Universal Design principles?

And I’m talking about the staff areas as well as the public areas of the library.

Can people maneuver freely within the library without obstacles?
Is the space and furniture adjustable to accommodate different needs?

Such as adjustable staff and public desks.

Are the printing and scanning stations reachable by users in wheelchairs and scooters?
Are kiosks, copy machines and vending machines accessible?

In a 2022 article by Gail Betz entitled “Navigating the Academic Hiring Process with Disabilities”, she discussed how people assess an institution by looking for things like the accessibility of the library building, the knowledge of the staff on the accessibility of the building, and how homogenous people’s workstations were. In her interviews she had people with both physical and mental disabilities reference looking at workstations for modifications as a visual symbol of acceptance of differences within the library staff, even if there weren’t visible accommodations or disabilities present.

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Technology used by library workers

Technology Considerations

Are the products and programs required to work at the library accessible?

Have you checked to ensure the back-end of products are accessible?

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Thank You

Be inspired
Not deterred
By the chance to incorporate accessibility
Into your Library
- Amy Wolfe

AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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Contact Info:

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amywolfemls

Email: amy_wolfe_mls@yahoo.com

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Sources

Adina (Mar 28, 2022 ) The 7 design principles of Universal design. The Disabled Architect. https://www.thedisabledarchitect.com/universal-design/
Andrews, E. E., Forber-Pratt, A. J., Mona, L. R., Lund, E. M., Pilarski, C. R., & Balter, R. (2019). #SaytheWord: A disability culture commentary on the erasure of “disability”. Rehabilitation Psychology, 64(2), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000258
Betz, Gail (Apr 6, 2022). Navigating the Academic Hiring Practice. In the Library with the Lead Pipe https://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2022/hiring-with-disabilities/
Boden C. (2023). Creating inclusive libraries by applying universal design: a guide. The Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association, 44(1), 9–10. https://doi.org/10.29173/jchla29669
Brilliant Ink. (August 7, 2023) Communicating About Disabilities: Identity-First or Person-First Language? https://brilliantink.com/brilliant-blog/identity-first-or-person-first-language
Brinkman, A. H., Rea-Sandin, G., Lund, E. M., Fitzpatrick, O. M., Gusman, M. S., Boness, C. L., & Scholars for Elevating Equity and Diversity (SEED) (2023). Shifting the discourse on disability: Moving to an inclusive, intersectional focus. The American journal of orthopsychiatry, 93(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000653
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AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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AMY WOLFE, MLS, MA: KEYNOTE AT ENUG 2024 "ACCESSIBILITY, UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND LIBRARIES: LET’S BROADEN THE DISCUSSION"

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