Monitoring and Evaluation ���

M&E: Importance

• Helps nderstand the situation on the ground and be able to respond appropriately, adequately, and in a timely manner
• Allows corrections and adjustments in original plans and targets
• Contributes to the smooth implementation of programs and projects
• Is an integral component of implementation to promote accountability among actors

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M&E: Challenges

• Baseline data – usually unavailable, incomplete, totally lost, difficult to (re)construct
• Reporting of physical and financial progress
• Established norm
• Access, synthesis, analysis

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• Reporting on results and outcomes – uneven, requires more resources

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• Sources of data – government, contractors
• Who talks to beneficiaries/communities
• Participation

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M&E: Challenges

• Political pressure – public scrutiny, media attention
• Expectations, targets, commitments › Resources, capacities
• Pace, magnitude, quality
• Anniversaries
• Human hardships viz institutional and organizational challenges
• Business is unusual

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• Quick wins viz long-term results
• Safeguards
• Building back better

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• Lessons
• Doing better next time

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M&E: Challenges

• Women, children, youth
• Persons with disabilities
• Elderly
• Indigenous peoples
• Informal settlers, laborers
• Fisherfolks, farmers
• Environment
• Others

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Where it has worked – challenging, but possible!

• Queensland Recovery
• Clear results framework - measurable results and targets; focused on 7 priority areas
• Institutional arrangement – identified actors and groups, roles relationships

BBB: Care, speed (Aceh-Nias)

• Single-mindedness in approach, targets, direction
• Expectations and satisfaction

Harnessing community participation to fast track recovery

• Community planning
• Shared responsibility and accountability for use of resources and delivery of results

�RAND (Recovery Aceh Nias Database) http://rand.brr.go.id �

Using technology for M&E

�* Powerpoint on RAND from BRR Institute

Outputs – thematic maps

Outputs – funding source, partners

Output – Key performance indicators

Compliance Rate

Accountability through GIS

GPS

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SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

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• Post-disaster Impact

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• Reduction in income: loss of existing livelihoods and resources; relocation to locations with limited or no employment

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• Short-term assistance from local and international donors reinforced dependency and did not respond to long-term livelihood recovery needs.

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• All SIM-SIA slides are from IPC

SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

• Coping strategies (given uncertainty of income)
• Additional or temporary jobs
• Consumption decline
• Multiple loans for basic expenditures
• Reduced number of meals and cheaper low-quality food
• Removing children from school (unless 4Ps); no allowance to children for school

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• Credit and debt levels
• Borrowing from multiple sources; stable interest rates
• Increased indebtedness; inability to pay off loans

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SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

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• Social relations and cohesion
• Increasing reliance on women’s income; preference for home-based work; greater engagement of women in community activities
• Youth taking temporary work; more trustworthy image
• Expanded community collaboration
• Increased tensions within community and greater insecurity; negative happenings blamed on newcomers/outsiders

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SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

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• Resettlement options and housing conditions
• Delays between needs assessment and arrival of assistance
• Extended stays in “temporary” shelters; dangerous
• Reluctance to resettle in off-city sites provided by government;
• no employment;
• inadequate basic services
• unaffordable repayment rates
• 1/3 to ½ left to return to the city
• Inadequate information re resettlement
• In-city relocation: no change in household composition; outside city drop in number of household members;
• Youth active in recovery efforts.

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SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

• Local governance and recovery
• Long-established indigenous knowledge in communities on handling disaster largely unrecognized
• Local community organizations and local leaders often marginalized
• Inequitable outcomes in cash and relief distribution; targeting and sources of assistance not clear, with some allegedly favored more than others
• Disaster preparedness still weak; women left out of training programs
• Affected communities’ confusion as to which level of government responsible for providing recovery assistance.

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SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

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• Community recommendations
• Provide sustainable livelihood support, not merely short-term relief assistance.
• Improve communication within the community for improved resource distribution
• Establish in-city resettlement as a far better option than distant out-of-city sites.
• Strengthen local preparedness.

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SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

• Issues
• Encouraging affected persons to return to a state of normal life as soon as possible: not only through livelihoods, safety, residential location and affordability, security of tenure but also:
• Social networking
• Trauma counseling; role of spiritual support
• Community organization; POs; building on community knowledge and initiatives
• Enabling NGOs and social action groups to operate with flexibility; international vs capital-city-based vs. local NGOs; faith-based groups

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SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

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• Issues
• Reinforcing the willingness of some to take on more risks, new actions and leadership after experiencing disaster traumas, e.g. women assuming positions of leadership; youth active in disaster management
• Social class and image building: resilience vs suffering

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SIA and SIM: Post-Ondoy (Ketsana) and Pepeng (Parma)

• The sustainability of disaster-recovery efforts �lies in local communities initiating and �participating in actions affecting their lives. �Listen, learn and link up with them as partners.
• Relief intertwined with recovery, development and sustainability
• Participation of the affected persons in planning and decision-making
• Power of family, friendship work-based networks

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Managing expectations through communications

Local & Statewide Progress Reports

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Local & Statewide Websites

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Communicating progress on Yolanda

Aid tracking