When two different populations of organisms of a species become so different and/or occupy such different habitats that they can no longer reproduce effectively they become new species.
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Species
a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring in the wild. This is a man-made term and is not as simple as it seems. Organisms more closely related on the “tree of life” may still be able to reproduce. Ex. Lions and Tigers, whales and dolphins, camels and llamas, grizzly and polar bears,
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False killer whale and bottlenose dolphin
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Grizzly and Polar Bear
We will see more of these as polar bears lose habitat and must move south?
Only those with favorable adaptations will survive.