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Teaching Speaking

Basic Key Concepts

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Starter Question: What is speaking?

Speaking is a productive skill, like writing. It involves using speech to to express meaning to other people.

Of all skills, speaking seems most important. To know a language is to be a ‘speaker’ of that language.

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Starter Question: What is speaking?

Speaking is a productive skill, like writing. It involves using speech to express meaning to other people.

Of all skills, speaking seems most important. To know a language is to be a ‘speaker’ of that language.

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Starter Question: What is speaking?

Speaking is a productive skill, like writing. It involves using speech to express meaning to other people.

Of all skills, speaking seems most important. To know a language is to be a ‘speaker’ of that language.

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Starter Question: What is speaking?

Speaking is a productive skill, like writing. It involves using speech to to express meaning to other people.

Of all skills, speaking seems most important. To know a language is to be a ‘speaker’ of that language.

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Key Concepts: Things we do when we speak...

  • pronounce words*
  • answer questions
  • use intonation
  • ask for clarification
  • ask for explanation
  • correct ourselves
  • correct others
  • take part in discussions
  • change the content and/ or style of speaking according to listener response

  • greet people
  • plan what we will say
  • smile
  • ask for and give information
  • respond appropriately
  • persuade
  • start speaking when someone else stops
  • tell stories
  • use accurate grammar and vocabulary
  • use tenses

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Producing sound

Minimal pairs in English

Of all skills, speaking seems most important. To know a language is to be a ‘speaker’ of that language.

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Producing sound

Connected words in English

Of all skills, speaking seems most important. To know a language is to be a ‘speaker’ of that language.

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Key Concepts: Things we do when we speak...

  • pronounce words
  • answer questions
  • use intonation*
  • ask for clarification
  • ask for explanation
  • correct ourselves
  • correct others
  • take part in discussions
  • change the content and/ or style of speaking according to listener response

  • greet people
  • plan what we will say
  • smile
  • ask for and give information
  • respond appropriately
  • persuade
  • start speaking when someone else stops
  • tell stories
  • use accurate grammar and vocabulary
  • use tenses

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Producing sound

Word Stress in English

Of all skills, speaking seems most important. To know a language is to be a ‘speaker’ of that language.

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Key Concepts: Interaction

Interaction = two-way communication that involves using language and body language to keep our listener involved in what we’re saying and check that she/he understands our meaning.

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Key Concepts: Interaction

Interactive strategies:

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Key Concepts: Interaction

Interactive strategies:

  • making eye contact

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Key Concepts: Interaction

Interactive strategies:

  • making eye contact
  • using facial expressions

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Key Concepts: Interaction

Interactive strategies:

  • making eye contact
  • using facial expressions
  • asking checking questions

(‘Do you understand?’)

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Key Concepts: Interaction

Interactive strategies:

  • making eye contact
  • using facial expressions
  • asking checking questions
  • clarifying meaning

(‘I mean...’, ‘What I’m trying to say is...’)

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Key Concepts: Interaction

Interactive strategies:

  • making eye contact
  • using facial expressions
  • asking checking questions
  • clarifying meaning
  • confirming understanding

(‘Mmmm..’, ‘Right...’)

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

We can develop learners’ speaking skills by focusing regularly on:

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

We can develop learners’ speaking skills by focusing regularly on:

  • fluency

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

We can develop learners’ speaking skills by focusing regularly on:

  • fluency
  • pronunciation

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

We can develop learners’ speaking skills by focusing regularly on:

  • fluency
  • pronunciation
  • grammatical accuracy

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

We can develop learners’ speaking skills by focusing regularly on:

  • fluency
  • pronunciation
  • grammatical accuracy
  • body language

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Key Concepts: Fluency and Accuracy

Fluency = speaking at a normal speed, without hesitation, repetition or self-correction, with smooth, connected speech

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Key Concepts: Fluency and Accuracy

Fluency = speaking at a normal speed, without hesitation, repetition or self-correction, with smooth, connected speech

Accuracy = speaking with correct forms of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation

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Key Concepts: Things we do when we speak...

  • pronounce words
  • answer questions
  • use intonation
  • ask for clarification
  • ask for explanation
  • correct ourselves
  • correct others
  • take part in discussions
  • change the content and/ or style of speaking according to listener response

  • greet people
  • plan what we will say
  • smile
  • ask for and give information
  • respond appropriately
  • persuade
  • start speaking when someone else stops
  • tell stories
  • use accurate grammar and vocabulary
  • use tenses

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

In many classes learners do controlled practice activities:

  • activities in which students use only language that has just been taught

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

In many classes learners do controlled practice activities:

  • activities in which students use only language that has just been taught

This is a very limited kind of speaking:

  • only focus on accuracy in speaking
  • no focus on communication, interaction or fluency

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Tasks and less controlled practice activities give more opportunity than controlled activities for learners to practice communication, interaction and fluency.

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Sometimes learners speak more willingly in class when they have a reason for communicating:

  • to solve a problem
  • to give other classmates some information they need

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Because speaking is a complex skill, learners often need help to prepare for speaking:

  • practice in necessary vocabulary
  • time to organize ideas
  • pronunciation practice
  • practice in carrying out a task

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Because speaking is a complex skill, learners often need help to prepare for speaking:

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Because speaking is a complex skill, learners often need help to prepare for speaking:

  • practice in necessary vocabulary

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Because speaking is a complex skill, learners often need help to prepare for speaking:

  • practice in necessary vocabulary
  • time to organize ideas

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Because speaking is a complex skill, learners often need help to prepare for speaking:

  • practice in necessary vocabulary
  • time to organize ideas
  • pronunciation practice

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Because speaking is a complex skill, learners often need help to prepare for speaking:

  • practice in necessary vocabulary
  • time to organize ideas
  • pronunciation practice
  • practice in carrying out a task

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Learners, especially beginners and children, need time to take in and process all new language they hear before they produce it in speaking.

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Activities in a speaking lesson often follow this pattern:

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Activities in a speaking lesson often follow this pattern:

  1. Lead-in: an introduction to the topic, plus sometimes activities focusing on new language

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Activities in a speaking lesson often follow this pattern:

  • Lead-in: an introduction to the topic, plus sometimes activities focusing on new language
  • Practice activities: activities or tasks in which learners have opportunities to use new language

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Key concepts and the language teaching classroom

Activities in a speaking lesson often follow this pattern:

  • Lead-in: an introduction to the topic, plus sometimes activities focusing on new language
  • Practice activities: activities or tasks in which learners have opportunities to use new language
  • Post-task activities: activities in which learners discuss the topic freely and/or ask the teacher questions about the language used

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Follow-up Activities

1. The titles of some materials on teaching speaking are numbered 1-10 below and on your worksheet. Match the titles with the aspects of speaking (A-E) that they focus on. Some titles focus on more than one aspect.

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Reflection on Speaking

Think about these questions...

  1. How did your teachers teach you speaking skill in English? Did you have enough practice in all aspects of speaking?
  2. Which aspects of speaking English do you find most easy and difficult now?
  3. Do you teach speaking in the same way you were taught it? Why? Or why not?

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Teaching Speaking

Thank you!