Evangelism Using God’s Creation�(5 August 2026)�
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Evangelism Using God’s Creation
Romans 1:20
For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse
Evangelism Using God’s Creation
John 3:12
If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things?
Evangelism Using God’s Creation
Acts 17:23-24
23for as I was passing through and considering the objects of your worship, I even found an altar with this inscription:
TO THE UNKNOWN GOD.
Therefore, the One whom you worship without knowing, Him I proclaim to you: 24God, who made the world and everything in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands.
Class Will Include at Least One Field Trip
Initial Observations
The idea that the universe and everything in it simply made itself is strongly refuted by true science.
True science is the Christian’s friend.
God has given us tremendous evidence that we should put our faith in Him. But He also lets it be our choice!
The Fact that We Can Choose Tells Us How We Should Choose!
If we were purely material, i.e. a complex assembly of several thousand trillion, trillion atoms, we could not make choices.
The only way any of us can make even the simplest choice is because we are not simply “material.” God has given us a soul (Genesis 1-2).
Atheists also Realize that Atheism Does Not Allow for Free Will
William B. Provine
“There is no ultimate foundation for ethics, no ultimate meaning in life, and no free will for humans, either.”
Francis Crick
“...your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells...”
Robert Sapolsky
“There’s no God, there’s no free will, there’s no purpose to anything.”
Susan Blackmore
“There is no stream of consciousness. There is no conscious self. There is no free will.”
Science
the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained. (Google’s English dictionary provided by Oxford Languages)
The Origin and Evolution of Life�
Question:
Is it “scientific” to believe that something happened spontaneously (life arising from non-life) that we have been unable to duplicate given our best laboratories, our smartest scientists, and virtually unlimited financial resources?
All Attempts to Show DNA, RNA, or Proteins Could Spontaneously Assemble Have Failed
Recent sample return missions confirm racemic (useless for life) mixtures of amino acids found in space
“The team found equal parts left-handedness and right-handedness in their OSIRIS-REx samples, referred to as a "racemic" mixture.”
"I have to admit, I was a little disillusioned or disappointed," Glavin said. "I felt like this had invalidated 20 years of research in our lab and my career. But I mean, here's the thing: This is exactly why we explore. This is why we do these missions, right? If we knew everything in advance, we wouldn't need to do an OSIRIS REx to bring these samples back."
Sir Frederick Hoyle
(David Purchase, Creative Commons)
“The likelihood of the formation of life from inanimate matter is one to a number with 40 thousand naughts [zeroes] after it. It is enough to bury Darwin and the whole theory of evolution. There was no primeval soup, neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence.”
Sir Frederick Hoyle, author of Evolution from Space, quoted in Nature, 1981
Scientists Recognize the Impossibility of Life Creating Itself from Non-Living Material, and Advances in Science have only made the “Problem” Worse!
Scientists Recognize the Impossibility of Life Creating Itself from Simple Chemicals, and Advances in Science have made the “Problem” Worse!
Carl Sagan:
“Well, it is clear that one could randomly assemble all the elementary particles in the universe a billion times a second for the age of the universe and never get this protein” (commenting on the 1 in 10130 odds of the random formation of a single protein).
Ironically, a few sentences later Sagan goes on to say “There is no doubt about the fact of evolution, but there are still sizable questions on the mechanics of the evolutionary process.”
Sagan, 1973, Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, pg 46, MIT Press
Carl Sagan
(University of Mount Union, Creative Commons)
The Idea that Life Could Simply Make Itself Has Been Disproven by True Science
The Idea that Life Could Simply Make Itself Has Been Disproven by True Science
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
Evangelism Using God’s Creation�(12 Aug 2026)
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Creation Museum / Ark Encounter�August 28-30
God gives us the ability to choose. Why would anyone then choose to reject God?
Romans 15:4
For whatever things were written before were written for our learning, that we through the patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope.
Ecclesiastes 1:9
That which has been is what will be,�That which is done is what will be done,�And there is nothing new under the sun.
We are Under Spiritual Attack
1 Peter 5:8-9
Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour. 9 Resist him, steadfast in the faith, knowing that the same sufferings are experienced by your brotherhood in the world.
Influential / intelligent people can be deceived into making poor choices.
1 Kings 18:19
19 “Now therefore, send and gather all Israel to me on Mount Carmel, the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal, and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table.”
Many of the most influential people in Israel promoted worship of Baal and Asherah.
Many of the most influential people (and institutions) in the world today promote atheism and evolution.
Does it make sense to cut a log in two, use half of it to bake bread and roast meat, and then use the other half to make an idol that one pretends is a god who can deliver them (Isaiah 44:15-20)?
Does it make sense to teach as “fact” that something happened spontaneously (life arising from non-life) that we have been unable to duplicate given our best laboratories, our smartest scientists, and virtually unlimited financial resources?
People throughout history have become confused and led astray.
1 Kings 18:21
And Elijah came to all the people, and said, “How long will you falter between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow Him; but if Baal, follow him.” But the people answered him not a word.
God always provides tremendous evidence that we should put our faith in Him!
1 Kings 18:38-39
Then the fire of the Lord fell and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood and the stones and the dust, and it licked up the water that was in the trench. 39Now when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces; and they said, “The Lord, He is God! The Lord, He is God!”
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Human Life on Mars
At the end of 1907 the Wall Street Journal reported that the most extraordinary event of the past 12 months was the “proof afforded by astronomical observations...that conscious, intelligent human life exists upon the planet Mars”
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Human Life on Mars
Idea of humans on Mars continued to be reinforced. Article by E.C. Slipher in May,1915 edition of The American Museum Journal (Published by the American Museum of Natural History in New York) stated
“Dr. Lowell believes that the numerous linelike markings seen there are those of vegetation growing by an enforcedly constructed irrigation system. Two significant facts found by observation support his theory: first, the marked geometric directness of the lines — no natural causes can account for them; second, the characteristic manner in which they develop with the seasons and the melting of the snow-caps.”
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Human Life on Mars
How could anyone disagree with this “scientific” proof?
Percival Lowell –
Harvard University graduate, fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Wealthy - sent well equipped team of engineers and astronomers to Atacama desert in 1907 to observe canals.
French Academy of Science and others convinced that Martian civilization was an established fact.
Many influential people believed in evolution - life expected to be common throughout the solar system and universe.
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Human Life on Mars
If the Wall Street Journal was correct, what would have been some of the Biblical implications?
1. Why did Jesus come to earth to die if God also created humans on Mars? Are Martian humans sinless? If they are sinless, why are they going to be destroyed with the rest of the universe?
2. Why didn’t God tell us that he had also created humans on Mars?
3. If humans were created on earth and then traveled from earth to Mars, why is there no evidence of their technology? If the trip occurred pre-flood, does that mean it is possible for humans to avoid God’s judgment?
Assumed Contradictions with the Bible Resolved by Advances in True Science
Collier’s April 30, 1954
Disney 1957
Mariner 4, 1965
Viking, 1978
Belief that “higher life forms” existed on Mars was widespread through the 1950s.
Not fully disproven until 1965, six decades after popularized by Lowell and others.
Perseverance Rover / Ingenuity Helicopter, 2021
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Life Throughout the Universe
“When we take account of realistic uncertainty, replacing point estimates by probability distributions that reflect current scientific understanding, we find no reason to be highly confident that the galaxy (or observable universe) contains other civilizations, and thus no longer find our observations in conflict with our prior probabilities.”
Sandberg et al., Oxford University, June 8, 2018.
Related story https://www.space.com/41080-alien-life-may-be-rare-today.html
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Life Throughout the Universe
“We found qualitatively similar results through two different methods: using the authors’ assessments of current scientific knowledge bearing on key parameters, and using the divergent estimates of these parameters in the astrobiology literature as a proxy for current scientific uncertainty.”
Sandberg et al., Oxford University, June 8, 2018.
Related story https://www.space.com/41080-alien-life-may-be-rare-today.html
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Life Throughout the Universe
When we update this prior in light of the Fermi observation, we find a substantial probability that we are alone in our galaxy, and perhaps even in our observable universe (53%–99.6% and 39%–85% respectively). ’Where are they?’ — probably extremely far away, and quite possibly beyond the cosmological horizon and forever unreachable.
Sandberg et al., Oxford University, June 8, 2018.
Related story https://www.space.com/41080-alien-life-may-be-rare-today.html
“Alone in the Universe” Completely Consistent with the Bible
Genesis 1:26-27
26 Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” 27 God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.
Where did the Genetic Information in God’s Creation come from?
Biblical Creation:
Given a complete encyclopedia, write a sentence about butterflies.
Atheistic Evolution:
Given a sentence about butterflies, write a complete encyclopedia.
True Science Shows Opposite of Evolution is Occurring. Information is Being Lost from the Genome, not Gained
Microevolution Does Not Produce New Genetic Information
From Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998, pp 181-183
Typica Form
Carbonaria Form
Peppered Moths
Example: Bacteria Developing Resistance to Antibiotics can be Either Neutral or the Opposite of Evolution
1. Information to resist the antibiotic already in the bacterial population.
2. Plasmid Transfer: one germ inserts a tiny tube into another, and a small loop of DNA called a ‘plasmid’ transfers from one to another.
3. Mutation: Loss of a control gene may enhance resistance to penicillin (excessive production of penicillinase ). Mutation that reduces efficiency of bacteria’s chemical pumping mechanism can reduce uptake of antibiotic and provide “resistance.”
Selective Breeding (Developing New Breeds of Animals) is the Opposite of Evolution
New breeds represent the selection of specific traits from existing genetic information.
The information for undesired traits is removed.
Selective breeding reduces available genetic information, and is actually the opposite of evolution.
Genomic Selection
The Idea that “Simple” Life Could Evolve Into More Complex Life Forms Goes Against Science
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
Evangelism Using God’s Creation�(19 August 2026)�
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Creation Museum / Ark Encounter�August 28-30
Always Be Prepared to Give a Defense
1 Peter 3:13-15
13And who is he who will harm you if you become followers of what is good? 14But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you are blessed. “And do not be afraid of their threats, nor be troubled.” 15But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear;
Speak the Truth in Love
Ephesians 4:14-15
As a result, we are no longer to be children, tossed here and there by waves and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, by craftiness in deceitful scheming; 15 but speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in all aspects into Him who is the head, even Christ,
Our Struggle is not against People!
Ephesians 6:11-12
Put on the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil. 12For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places.
Two Views of Fossil Record – shows Evolution or shows Genesis 1-11
Evolution:
The Fossil Record is Very Consistent with the Biblical Account
Biblical Creation:
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Evolution: “Transitional forms” represent the process of one kind of animal transitioning into another kind.
Biblical Creation: “Transitional forms” represent variation within a kind.
Are Yorkies, Beagles and German Shepherds all just dogs, or do they provide evidence for one kind of animal transitioning to another?
?
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence�
“I am also aware of the fact that, at least in my own subject of paleoanthropology, "theory" - heavily influenced by implicit ideas almost always dominates "data". ....Ideas that are totally unrelated to actual fossils have dominated theory building, which in turn strongly influence the way fossils are interpreted.”
Dr. David Pilbeam (paleoanthropologist), Ph.D. Yale University, presently Professor of Social Sciences at Harvard University and Curator of Paleontology at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Quoted in Darwin’s Enigma, Master Books, El Cajon, CA, pp. 88–90, 1988.
‘… I fully agree with your comments on the lack of direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. You suggest that an artist should be used to visualize such transformations, but where would he get the information from? I could not, honestly, provide it, and if I were to leave it to artistic license, would that not mislead the reader?
Dr. Colin Patterson, Senior Paleontologist, British Museum of Natural History, questioned about his book “Evolution”. Personal communication; documented in: Luther Sunderland, Darwin’s Enigma, Master Books, El Cajon, CA, pp. 88–90, 1988.
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Archaeoraptor (1999 – 2000):
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Archaeoraptor (1999 – 2000) continued:
“The idea of feathered dinosaurs and the theropod origin of birds is being actively promulgated by a cadre of zealous scientists acting in concert with certain editors at Nature and National Geographic who themselves have become outspoken and highly biased proselytizers of the faith. Truth and careful scientific weighing of evidence have been among the first casualties in their program, which is now fast becoming one of the grander scientific hoaxes of our age — the paleontological equivalent of cold fusion.” 1
1. Storrs Olson, Curator of Birds at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC., Open letter to: Dr Peter Raven, Secretary, Committee for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Society, emphases added.
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Unsubstantiated Assertion: “Feathers are modified reptilian scales” (in reading recommended by National Academy of Sciences’ “Teaching about Evolution and the Nature of Science” )
True Science:
Photos Courtesy David Menton
�Vague fossil evidence interpreted any way desired �
Nebraska Man (1922 – 1927):
Nebraska Man (1922-1927):
Tooth found February, 1922 in Western Nebraska. Declared “Human” by Dr Henry F. Osborn of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Announced to world in April. The Illustrated London News of 24 June 1922 published articles, illustrations, and ‘a pedigree of the human family’ drawn up by experts. Cited as “proof” of evolution during the Scopes trial of 1925.
In 1927 another tooth was found with bones – “Nebraska Man” was actually an extinct wild pig!
Claims that ape-like creatures turned into humans continue today��
The usual artistic license in reconstructing the fleshly features of 'apemen' from bones allows evolutionary bias enormous free rein. However, artists do not usually misrepresent the bones. This statue's feet and hands are simply wrong and mislead the public. Menton (Dr. David Menton, then Associate Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology at Washington University (MH)) cites evolutionary sources which show that creatures in this species had hands and feet which were 'not at all like human hands and feet; rather, they have long curved fingers and toes'—even more so than apes today that live mostly in the trees.
Claims that ape-like creatures turned into humans continue today�
Canadian school teacher David Buckna has weighed in on the debate by posting an Internet challenge to this 'misleading' statue. He says that if people visiting this exhibition were to see an accurate replica of Lucy in the trees, with features typical of tree–dwelling primates, it would make them question the whole notion of human evolution; Lucy would be seen as just some sort of extinct ape.
Bruce Carr, the zoo's director of education, has no plans to alter the exhibit. 'We cannot be updating every exhibit based on every new piece of evidence,' he says. 'What we look at is the overall exhibit and the impression it creates. We think that the overall impression this exhibit creates is correct.'
True Science Shows that “Lucy” is Merely an Extinct Ape�
Dr Menton points out that if Lucy's feet were accurately shown, it would be obvious they could never fit into the famous Laetoli fossil footprints. These are 'exhibit A' for evolutionary belief in upright walking by Lucy's kind, whereas in fact they are identical to bare-foot humans.
Professor Betsy Schumann, evolutionist expert at Menton's university, admits that the statue's feet 'probably are not accurate', but when asked whether the statue should be changed, she says, 'Absolutely not'.
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
Evangelism Using God’s Creation�(26 August 2026)�
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Some Improvement, but Poor Science of “Lucy” Continues Today
“The brown bones are casts of the parts of Lucy’s skeleton that were excavated. The black bones represent missing parts. They were filled in using mirror images of bones that were found, fossils from other individuals of Lucy’s species, and knowledge of human anatomy”
Note: Hip bones also deliberately altered to appear more “human.”
Some Improvement, but Poor Science of “Lucy” Continues Today
“Lucy’s species had compact feet that supported the body’s weight during upright walking. But look at the toe bones. They are longer and more curved than those of a modern human foot, more like those of tree-climbing apes.”
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence��
Note spotlight on foot, altered to look more “human” in spite of fossil evidence.
Note “human” facial expression.
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Reconstruction of “Lucy” Based on Evidence�
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
In 2018 an updated Chimpanzee genome was compiled (de novo assembly). As noted by Richard Buggs (University of London Evolutionary Geneticist) “The percentage of nucleotides in the human genome that had one-to-one exact matches in the Chimpanzee genome was 84.38%.
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
Chromosome 2 Fusion Never Happened.
No satellite DNA at alleged fusion site (all other documented fusions have that); alleged fusion site only 798 DNA letters long (would expect 10,000 – 30,000);
Credit Institute of Creation Research (ICR), Jeffrey Tompkins
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps are Closely Related
Chromosome 2 Fusion Never Happened (2).
Alleged fusion site located inside a gene (DDX11L2 gene expressed in at least 255 cell and tissue types); Alleged fusion site is itself functional and serves an important engineered purpose. The site acts as a switch for controlling gene activity.
Credit Institute of Creation Research (ICR), Jeffrey Tompkins
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
Chromosome 2 Fusion Never Happened (3).
Interstitial telomeres are found throughout the human genome – function related to gene expression. No viable evidence of extra centromere region.
Credit Institute of Creation Research (ICR), Jeffrey Tompkins
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
Chromosome 2 Fusion Never Happened (4).
Alleged “fossil centromere” is located inside a gene (both intron and exon regions) that codes for amino acids in the resulting gene’s protein.
Credit Institute of Creation Research (ICR), Jeffrey Tompkins
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
Y Chromosomes Debunk Human Evolution
“If human evolution were true, the chimp and human Y chromosomes should be the most similar to each other in the genome, because they are the most stable, having the least variation. However, they are the most different of the chromosomes in the genome between humans and chimps.”
Chimps and Humans, Jeffrey P. Tomkins, 2021, pg 69. ISBN: 978-1-946246-35-6
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
We All Get to Choose Where We Put Our Faith
Genesis 1:26-27
26Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” 27So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
Origin of the Universe�
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Our Struggle is Not Against People - In All Situations Speak the Truth in Love!
Ephesians 6:11-12
Put on the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil. 12For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places.
Bible Often Attacked on “Origin of the Universe”
1 Peter 3:14-16
14But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you are blessed. “And do not be afraid of their threats, nor be troubled.” 15But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear; 16having a good conscience, that when they defame you as evildoers, those who revile your good conduct in Christ may be ashamed.
People Seeking the Truth also interested in “Origin of the Universe”
Example: How can we see light from stars that are millions of light years away from an earth that is < 10,000 years old? (1 light year = 5.88 trillion miles)
John 17:17
Sanctify them by Your truth. Your word is truth.
2 Timothy 3:16-17
All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 17that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.
Observational Support for Biblically Consistent Theories (True Science) is Rejected Solely on Philosophical / Religious Grounds.�
“Edwin Hubble didn't claim the Earth was at the center of the universe; instead, he discussed the unwelcome possibility in his 1937 book, The Observational Approach to Cosmology, noting that isotropic (uniform in all directions) red shifts of distant galaxies could imply a unique, central position. However, Hubble rejected this idea, stating it was "unwelcome" and "intolerable," and would only be accepted as a "last resort". He favored the Cosmological Principle that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, with no favored position, to avoid "the horror of a unique position".”
�Observational Support for Biblically Consistent Theories (True Science) is Rejected Solely on Philosophical / Religious Grounds.
George F.R. Ellis, co-authored “The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time” (Cambridge University Press, 1973) by S. W. Hawking and G. F. R. Ellis
“For instance, I can construct you a spherically symmetrical universe with Earth at its centre, and you cannot disprove it based on observations… You can only exclude it on philosophical grounds. In my view there is absolutely nothing wrong in that. What I want to bring into the open is the fact that we are using philosophical criteria in choosing our models.”
W. Wayt Gibbs, “Profile: George F. R. Ellis — Thinking Globally, Acting Universally”, Scientific American, October 1995, Vol. 273, No. 4, p. 55.
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:1-2
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.
Observation
Universe was initially composed of water
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:6-8
Then God said, “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” 7Thus God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was so. 8And God called the firmament Heaven. So the evening and the morning were the second day.
Observation
Waters below the firmament/Heaven and above the firmament/Heaven.
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Psalm 148:3-4
3Praise Him, sun and moon;
Praise Him, all you stars of light!
4Praise Him, you heavens of heavens,
And you waters above the heavens!
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:9-10
Then God said, “Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear”; and it was so. 10 And God called the dry land Earth, and the gathering together of the waters He called Seas. And God saw that it was good.
Observation
Earth is “under the heavens”
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:14-16
14 Then God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs and seasons, and for days and years; 15 and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth”; and it was so. 16 Then God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He made the stars also. 17 God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth,
Observation
Sun, moon and stars are in the firmament of the heavens
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:20
Then God said, “Let the waters abound with an abundance of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the face of the firmament of the heavens.”
Observation
Atmosphere is between Earth and the face of the firmament of the heavens
Summary of Verses (not to scale)
Earth
Atmosphere
Sun, Moon, Stars
Waters Above
Firmament/Heaven
One Biblically consistent model (developed by Dr. Russell Humphreys, retired physicist, Sandia National Laboratories)
General relativity predicts and experiments verify that gravity affects time.
Clocks tick slightly slower at sea level (lower in earth’s gravity well) than they do atop Mt Everest.
The Bible is written to people on earth, and the days in Genesis 1 are “earth days”
As viewed by an outside observer, time at the event horizon of a black hole (very deep in a gravity well) completely stops
Additional Verses
Isaiah 40:22
It is He who sits above the circle of the earth, And its inhabitants are like grasshoppers, Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, And spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.
Isaiah 42:5
Thus says God the Lord, Who created the heavens and stretched them out, Who spread forth the earth and that which comes from it, Who gives breath to the people on it, And spirit to those who walk on it:
Summary of Model
Day 2 – Waters above firmament (very massive)
Day 3 – Earth created (near but outside “timeless zone”)
Day 4 – Sun, moon, stars created (additional mass causes earth and firmament to be in “timeless zone”)
Day 4 – Stretching of heavens causes firmament (including stars) to exit “timeless zone”, earth exits last
Day 4 – Significant time could have passed in the firmament while the earth remained in a “timeless zone” as seen from the firmament.
Summary of Verses (not to scale)
Earth
Atmosphere
Sun, Moon, Stars
Waters Above
Firmament/Heaven
Secular studies support Humphrey’s theory
18 August 2009 (quoted from USA Today, Full paper
in Proceedings of the National Academies of Science. )
"Mathematicians have come up with an answer Monday for the mystery of 'dark energy' tearing the universe apart at an accelerating rate. It ain't there." Blake Temple and Joel Smoller suggest that "expanding waves" from the Big Bang "are propelling the trillions of galaxies filling the universe apart, suggests the study. Dark energy is an illusion if their equations are right." However, "the only problem is that for the equations to work, we must be 'literally at the center of the universe'... says physicist Lawrence Krauss of Arizona State University in Tempe. ... 'It doesn't seem physically relevant.'"
Secular studies support Humphrey’s theory
June 2008 (quoted from Science News,
Full paper in Physical Review Letters)
"If Earth and its environs are centered in a vast, billion-light-year-long bubble, relatively free of matter, in turn surrounded by a massive, dense shell of material, then gravity’s tug would cause galaxies inside the void to hurtle toward the spherical concentration of mass, say theorists Robert Caldwell of Dartmouth College and Albert Stebbins of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill. That process would mimic the action of dark energy — a local observer would be tricked into thinking that the universe’s expansion is accelerating." The article goes on to note "But that scenario violates the Copernican principle, a notion near and dear to the hearts of physicists and cosmologists, including Caldwell and Stebbins."
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16