Nutrition Vocabulary

• VILLI – finger-like structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which food is absorbed.

CArboHydrAtes

• rich organic compounds, such as sugars and starches, that are made of the elements C, H, and O. They provide the raw materials to make parts of cells.

CaRboHydRateS

• SIMPLE – sugars: found in milk, fruits and some vegetables, are also added to cookies candies & sodas.

CArbOhyDratEs

• COMPLEX – made of many sugar molecules linked together- (starches) such as found in pasta, potatoes, rice, corn, grains, cereals and breads.

• GLUCOSE- simple sugar molecule – main source of energy for your body’s cells.

C6H12O6

FIBER- a complex carbohydrate found in plant foods. Can’t be broken down into sugar, not a nutrient, indigestible. ��Important part of digestion keeps system functioning by helping waste move through tract.

FAT- high energy nutrients composed of C, H, and O. Contain more than twice the energy of a carbohydrate. Part of cell structure, protect and supports internal organs and insulates body to keep heat inside.

Unsaturated Fats are liquid at room temperature – oils / fish oils

Saturated Fats are solid at room temperature – meats, dairy products, egg yolks.

Made of N, C, H and O, needed for tissue growth and repair and chemical reactions in cells. Large chains of amino acids.

PROTEINS

PROTEINS

• COMPLETE – proteins from animal sources such as meat and eggs, they contain all the essential amino acids.

PROTEINS

• Incomplete –beans, nuts and legumes because they are missing, or do not have enough of, one or more of the essential amino acids .

Complementary Proteins

Beans/Peas/ Lentils ... with Nuts ��Beans/Peas and/Lentils ... with Grains��Beans/Peas/Lentils ... with Seeds��Beans/Peas/Lentils ... with Dairy��Grains... with Dairy��Nuts/Seeds... with Dairy��Nuts/Seeds... with Legumes��Dairy... with Nuts/Seeds and Beans/Peas/Lentils

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��AMINO ACID- small units of proteins.���Humans can produce 10 of the 20 amino acids. The others must be supplied in the food. ��Failure to obtain enough of even 1 of the 10 essential amino acids, those that we cannot make, results in degradation of the body's proteins—muscle and so forth—to obtain the one amino acid that is needed. ��Unlike fat and starch, the human body does not store excess amino acids for later use—the amino acids must be in the food every day.

Vitamins�

• molecules that help in a variety of chemical reactions within the body.�
• *Fat soluble- dissolved in fat and stored in fatty tissue A, D, E and K. �
• *Water soluble- dissolved in water and not stored in the body B and C and Biotin, Folic Acid and Pantothenlic acid.

MINERALS- nutrients that are not made by living things. Found in the earth, soil and absorbed by plants in their roots. ��Ca(calcium), Cl(chlorine), Fl(fluorine), I(iodine), Fe,(iron) Mg(magnesium), P(phosphours), Na(sodium)

WATER - most important nutrient, 65% of body weight is water, breakdown nutrients, chemical reactions, blood, perspiration, body fluids. Need about 2 liters a day.