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Internals of GF

Inari Listenmaa

GF Summer School

22th August 2025, Göteborg

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GF

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PMCFG

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Do you need to know the internals of GF in order to write application grammars?

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Do you need to know the internals of GF in order to write application grammars?

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Do you need to know the internals of GF in order to write resource grammars?

make a

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Do you?

Sometimes the pizza oven overheats, and the instruction manual is only in Italian.

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Do you?

You want to become the next pizza oven maintainer.

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Do you?

You simply love pizza so much that you want to learn everything about it.

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GF to PMCFG

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“Parallel Multiple Context-Free Grammar”

aka. the low-level format GF is compiled to

github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib/tree/master/foods

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Concrete categories

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Concrete categories

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One for each combination of inherent parameters

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KindMasc

KindFem

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Concrete categories

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Tables flatten

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C5 -> F27[C7,C5]

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==

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F27 : C7 -> C5 -> C5 ;

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Concrete functions

One for each combination of

concrete categories

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Arguments

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Arguments

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Arguments

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Recap

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Recap

GF grammar

  1. Abstract syntax

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Recap

GF grammar

  • Abstract syntax
  • Concrete syntax

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Recap

GF grammar

PMCFG

  • Concrete categories
  • Abstract syntax
  • Concrete syntax

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Recap

GF grammar

PMCFG

  • Concrete categories
  • Productions
  • Abstract syntax
  • Concrete syntax

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Recap

GF grammar

PMCFG

  • Concrete categories
  • Productions
  • Concrete functions
  • Abstract syntax
  • Concrete syntax

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Recap

GF grammar

PMCFG

  • Concrete categories
  • Productions
  • Concrete functions
  • Sequences
  • Abstract syntax
  • Concrete syntax

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Recap

GF grammar

PMCFG

  • Concrete categories
  • Productions
  • Concrete functions
  • Sequences
  • Abstract syntax
  • Concrete syntax

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Learn more

Expressivity and Complexity of Grammatical Framework (Ljunglöf, 2004)

The Mechanics of the Grammatical Framework (Angelov, 2011)

This talk in a blog post with slightly fewer jokes about pizza (Listenmaa, 2018)

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#1: index of argument

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#1: index of argument

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#1: index of argument

#2: text field of #1

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A selection of pizza lovers