In Between the Wars

• USA
• Italy
• Germany

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The Big Four

In 1919, the Big Four met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty:

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Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.

Who was missing from the Big Four and how does this cause WWII?

USA RECAP

• Woodrow Wilson wanted to make the world “safe for democracy”

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• 116,000 men die during WWI.

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• Congress refuses to accept the Treaty of Versailles (League of Nations)

What was the League of Nations?

What did the League of pave the way for?

What does this cartoon reveal about the League of Nations?

Map of WWI before vs. after

How did the map of Europe change after WWI?

Women

• Unfortunately, women were often limited in their job opportunities.

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• The greatest accomplishment for women in the decade = SUFFRAGE
• USA
• Northern Europe

Suffrage

• 1718
•  Sweden
• 1918
• United Kingdom (universal 1928)
• Germany
• 1930s
• Spain, Portugal
• 1945
• France (universal)

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(2015 – Saudi Arabia)

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How does the role of women change after WWI?

Roaring Twenties

• Rising prosperity for most

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• The Jazz Age

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• It is also called the Tribal Twenties, because of the rise of nativism (hostility toward foreigners).

Technology:

• Radio
• Ford Model T
• Skyscrapers (Empire State Building)
• Plane was used for traveling (not just for military use)

October 29, 1929

• The crash of the stock market in October signaled the beginning of the Great Depression, the worst economic crisis of the 20^th century.
• Everyone was selling, no one was buying.
• Bad loans, could not be repaid.
• Depositors wanted to close their accounts
• Banks ran out of money and were forced to close.
• 1933, the lowest point of the depression.
• 1 in every 4 workers was unemployed

(over 13 million people)

STOCK MARKET CRASH

• VIEWED AS A VICTORY FOR COMMUNISTS!

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• They viewed this as the collapse of capitalism.

How did the stock market crash create a global impact?

Italy

• Fascism
• The rule of the people by a totalitarian government, that is nationalistic and imperialistic.
• Anti-communist.
• Emerged in both Italy and Germany.

Italy

• After WWI
• Italy did not receive the land they intended on controlling after WWI.
• War Veterans could not find jobs.
• Trade was slow and taxes were high.

MUSSOLINI SAVES THE DAY!� “Il Ducé”�The leader �

• Pledged to solve the nations problems.

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• Promised to end unemployment and gain more lands for Italy.

MUSSOLINI SAVES THE DAY!� “Il Ducé”�The leader �

• 1922 – Fascists use force and terror to gain control of Italy.
• Ended free elections, free speech and free press.
• Killed and jailed their enemies.

ITALIANS GIVE UP THEIR NATURAL RIGHTS!

GERMANY�While the average American enjoyed a pay increase of about 40% (before the depression), German money became worthless.

Creation of the Weimar Republic�1919-1933

• In 1919, the German assembly met in Weimar to approve a new constitution for the ruined nation

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A Brief Overview of the Weimar

• The Weimar Republic could be broken down into three distinct time frames.
• 1919-1924
• Time of political and economic chaos and upheavals.
• 1924-1929
• Economy doing well and political stability.
• 1929-1933
• Time of economic and political chaos

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• The political problems facing Germany from 1919-1933 were a result of a flawed constitution and communist uprisings.

How did the Weimar Republic fuel the rise of Hitler?

The Reichstag

The Reichstag

Hitler Will Make It All Better!

• Promised to provide jobs and rebuild German pride.

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• He stated that the Germans were a superior race who were destined to build a new empire.

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• 1920 – headed the Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party

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• 1933 – appointed chancellor.

List everything that lead to the rise of facism/totalitarianism:

Why did the people of Germany and Italy support Hitler/Mussolini?