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This Workshop Will Restore Your Faith in Humanity!

How to Spot Fake News

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Where do you get your news?

Take the poll!

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How often do you seek out news?

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What do journalists do?

Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics

Preamble

“Members of the Society of Professional Journalists believe that public enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy. Ethical journalism strives to ensure the free exchange of information that is accurate, fair and thorough. An ethical journalist acts with integrity.”

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Principles of Ethical Journalism

The Society declares these four principles as the foundation of ethical journalism and encourages their use in its practice by all people in all media.

  • Seek the Truth and Report It
  • Minimize Harm
  • Act Independently
  • Be Accountable and Transparent

SPJ Professional Journalists Code of Ethics: Full Document

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“The mission of NPR, in partnership with its member stations, is to create a more informed public, one challenged and invigorated by a deeper understanding and appreciation of events, ideas, and culture within the United States and across the globe. To this end, NPR reports, produces, acquires and distributes news, information and other content that meet the highest standards of public service in journalism and cultural expression.”

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“Whether on television or online, our journalists abide by high standards of ethics and strive to adhere to stringent standards of journalistic integrity. We expect our reporters, producers and writers to be fair and honest and to confirm the facts before online articles or TV segments are released to the public.”

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“The core purpose of The New York Times is to enhance society by creating, collecting and distributing high-quality news and information. Producing content of the highest quality and integrity is the basis for our reputation and the means by which we fulfill the public trust and our customers’ expectations.”

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American Media: The Reality

Most journalists work hard to follow the code of ethics (some media organizations have their own code).

However, be aware:

  • Journalists are human
  • Personal views, money, and other conflicts of interest can be seductive
  • A two-party system can be polarizing
  • Some news outlets do not follow the code of ethics
  • Headlines can be misleading

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Be a critical reader!

  • Readers must do some work – use critical thinking skills
  • Fake news does actually exist--news that lies on purpose to deceive the reader
  • Some politicians will call a credible news story they don’t like “fake news”
  • Sites like The Onion or Clickhole are not fake news but satire

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Reliable Article Types

NEWS ANALYSIS: Objective examination of the causes and consequences of a news situation. Includes reporting along with analysis based on the expertise of the writer. Example

FRONT PAGE/FEATURE/COVER STORY: The most prominent news story of the issue. Provides report with added depth and background details. Example

NEWS/HARD NEWS: Standard, objective, fact-based reporting on an issue as it happens. Example

Use with General Caution

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Questionable Article Types

EDITORIAL: Written for the editorial page presenting the opinions of the newspaper editorial board. Example

OPINION: An opinion column or article written by an author, but not necessarily a member of the editorial board. Example

REVIEW: A specialized critic's appraisal of creative works. Example

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: A letter from a reader to express their view. Example

BLOG: Contributors provide commentary on a particular subject. Posts displayed with the most recent at the top. Example

Use Rarely and with Extreme Caution

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NOPE!

CLICKBAIT: Relies on sensational headlines to generate click throughs. Example

SATIRE: Mimics news, but with a comedic purpose. Example

FAKE NEWS/HOAX: Mimics news, but is deliberately false. Example

CONSPIRACY THEORY: Theories that prescribe certain big events to plots carried out by secret, influential agencies. Example

PROPAGANDA: Extremely biased, purposely provocative information, used to incite a response from the reader. Example

These should never be used

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CRAAP Test

Currency: Is it up-to-date?

References: Does it provide links or a references/works cited list?

Authorship: Is the author an expert? Is the organization/source/website trustworthy?

Appropriateness: Is it on-topic and informative enough to meet your needs?

Purpose: Is it trying to inform, persuade, sell?

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Source Evaluation Exercise

The following articles respond to the question, “Is a college degree worth the cost of tuition?”

Use the CRAAP test to evaluate the articles. Try to get through at least the first four, or all six if you have time. Use the handout to record your thoughts. Remember, you don’t need to read the article, just decide if it seems like a useful source. You have ten minutes.

  1. College Calculus: What’s the Real Value of Higher Education
  2. Is College Worth It? Here’s How to Tell
  3. Why College is Worth the Cost
  4. Is College Worth It?
  5. College Isn’t For Everyone
  6. In My Opinion: Why College is Worth It

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Source 1: “College Calculus”

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Source 1: “College Calculus”

College Calculus: What’s the Real Value of Higher Education

  • Reputable national magazine
  • Provides researched information but not formal citations
  • In-depth discussion
  • Author is a reputable journalist
  • Somewhat up-to-date (9/7/2015)

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Source 2: “Is College Worth It?”

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Source 2: “Is College Worth It?”

Is College Worth It? Here’s How to Tell

  • Author has written widely on this subject
  • Site is selling a product
  • Site may be biased on this topic
  • Does provide links to research
  • Topics not discussed in much depth

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Source 3: “Why College is Worth the Cost”

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Source 3: “Why College is Worth the Cost”

http://www.apu.edu/articles/college-worth-the-cost/

  • Author is not an expert
  • Site is trying to sell you something
  • Does link to a few credible sources
  • Topics not discussed in much depth
  • Not all .edu sources are credible!

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Source 4: “Is College Worth It?”

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Source 4: “Is College Worth It?”

http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21600131-too-many-degrees-are-waste-money-return-higher-education-would-be-much-better

  • Source is reputable but could be biased
  • From the print edition = more credible
  • Discusses the subject in depth
  • Provides researched information but not formal citations
  • No author! Here’s why.
  • A few years old (4/5/2014)

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Sources 5 and 6

College Isn’t For Everyone

  • An opinion piece written by a teen

In My Opinion: Why College is Worth It

  • gifs = automatic “nope”

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Even More Credible

  • Some of the most credible sources were removed from this assignment because they are behind a paywall.
  • You might consider subscribing to an online newspaper. (Remember, you get what you pay for!)

-Or, better yet . . .

  • Search library databases for access to published sources.

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Library Resources

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If you need help finding or evaluating sources...

Ask a librarian!

Call / text / chat / email / visit

the LPC Library.

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Thank you!

We hope you enjoyed this presentation! It was created by the following Las Positas College instructors:

  • Angela Amaya
  • Michelle Gonzales
  • Melissa Korber
  • Kali Rippel
  • John Rosen
  • Karin Spirn
  • Nadiyah Taylor

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Before you go...