STET WOMEN’S COLLEGE�MANNARGUDI
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
STET WOMEN’S COLLEGE�MANNARGUDI
Presented by g.bharathi
m.b.a.,m.phil.,d.c.s
COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS�16CCBB6& 6P � UNIT - I
Computer
Computer -Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used for Trade, Education and Research. The word computer is a Latin word. It means “to reckon” or “to compute”. It takes the input converted in output.
What is Computer?
A Computer is an electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit that can accept data (input) Process the data and generate results (output) and store the results for future reference.
Definition of Computer
Computer is defined as electronic device that can accept a data, processes the information in a predetermined fashion. It works according to a set of instructions provide to it and produce a desired output.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER:�
1.Speed
Computer can process millions of instructions in seconds.
2.Accuracy
A computer provides a high degree of accuracy.
3.Diligence
Calculation with the same speed and accuracy from the start till the end.
4.Memory capacity
Computer can store very large amount of data in small areas. We have many storage devices like CD, DVD etc. Speed
5.Versatility
Computers can be used to perform different types of tasks.
6.Reliability
Computer will not do mistaken.
7.Power of remembering
The data stored in the computer can we recalled at any time.
LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER
AREAS OF APPLICATION�
1.Accounting
Computers are used to maintain accounts efficiently. We can easily take the reports like trail balance, profit and loss account, and balance sheet. It can also do Inventory management , financial management , and cash management
2.Banking
Nowadays all banks are computerized. Computer transactions are maintained by computers. In this way computer helps to improve the services of banks. ATM is used for cash withdrawals and deposits.
3.Medical
In hospitals, computers are used to maintain patient details, their diseases, and treatments given by the doctors. Most of the equipment’s are computer controlled like Scanning, X-rays.
4.Education
Computers can be used in education to teach students. It is used to create “virtual class rooms” and “virtual university”. Students can get most of the details using various websites available in the internet.
5.Designing
In every business used to draw designs. By using AutoCad software , Engineers draw the blue prints of their proposed buildings.
6.Transport
In railways, it is used for reservation and cancellation of tickets in an easy manner. By this method people can book their tickets from anywhere in the country. Airways and shipping corporation use computers in their day-to-day activities.
7.Communication
E-mail, voice mail and video conferencing are possible by using computers. It can control telephone and communication also.
8.Engineering
Computer aided manufacturing software is used by the engineers to design new products before their manufacturer.
9.Entertainment
Computers are used to play movies and to play games
10.Insurance
Insurance companies use computer to maintain their policyholder details.
11.Cinema
Computers are used for adding graphical effects in films.
IPO CYCLE
It means input, process, and output cycle.
This cycle of operations of a computer is known as Input – Process – Output cycle.
The following figure explains the cycle.
Here, we are giving A=5 and B=4 as input data through keyboard. Process is nothing but manipulation of data. Here, the instructions is C = A+ B. The output C=9 may be obtained on a display screen or on a printer.
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER:�
The three major components of computer are
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER:�
Input unit:
The data and the programs are entered into the computer through this device. When the data and instructions are entered into the input unit they are passed to the memory unit of the CPU.
Output unit:
The data fed into a computer are processed as per the given set of instructions.
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
This unit contains the following three subunits.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Control Unit (CU)
Main Memory Unit (MMU)
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
ALU contains circuits that do arithmetic and logic operations. All arithmetic and logical operations such as addition, subtraction, comparison, etc.
Control Unit (CU)
This unit controls the activities of other units in the computer system. It instructs the input device to transfer data and instructions to main memory and then to the ALU. The processed results are sent from ALU to storage or monitor by the control unit.
Main Memory Unit:
It holds all data and instructions temporarily. It is otherwise called primary memory or internal memory.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Static RAM (SRAM)
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
Secondary Memory
It is used to store the data, which are permanent. It is otherwise called auxiliary memory or external memory.
Sequential memory
Random access memory
Difference between RAM and ROM
RAM | ROM |
The contents will be lost when the power goes off | The content is permanent even when the power goes off |
Accessing speed is large | Accessing speed is short |
Requires high power | Requires low power |
Used in large systems | Used in small systems |
Input Devices:
Devices, which are used to feed data into the computer, are called input devices.
1.Keyboard
Keyboard' is a human interface device which is represented as a layout of buttons. Each button, or key, can be used to either input a linguistic character to a computer, or to call upon a particular function of the computer.
2.Mouse
A pointing device is any human interface device that allows a user to input spatial data to a computer. In the case of mouse and touchpads, this is usually achieved by detecting movement across a physical surface.
3.Joystick
A joystick is an input device that control a character or machine in a computer program, such as a plane in a flight simulator.
4.Light pen
A light pen is a light-sensitive pointing input device commonly used to select or otherwise modify text or data on a screen. A light pen may also be used to describe the pen (stylus) used with a graphics tablet.
6.Trackball
An input device that looks like an upside down mouse. The onscreen pointer is moved by the trackball with a thumb or finger.
7.Optical Character Reader (OCR)
OCR is an input device used to read a printed text.
8.Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made by pen or pencil.
9.Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)
MICR input device is generally used in banks as there are large number of cheques to be processed every day.
10.Bar Code Readers
Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in the form of light and dark lines).
11.Scanner
Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine.
12.Digitizer
Digitizer is an input device which converts analogy information into digital form.
13.Touch screen
A touchscreen, or touch screen, is a both input and output device and normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system.
OUTPUT DEVICES:�
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
The physical components of a computer are called hardware. Following are the examples of hardware.
A set of computer program is called software. Software is classified into two system software and application software.
A set of programs, which are used to control the system or used to improve the efficiency of the system is called system software.
A set of programs which are developed by the user for his/ her day to day activities like accounting is called application software.
It is the physical unit of computer. | it is the collection of programs used to operate the hardware components. |
It consists of electronic components. | It consists of numerals, alphabets, special symbols, signs, etc. |
It works with binary codes. | It is represented by high level languages. |
It can understand only machine level or assembly level language. | It is written in high level language which readable by human beings. |
It is classified into input unit, output unit, CPU. | It is classified into operating system, utilities, and application programs. |
Difference between Hardware and Software
OPERATING SYSTEM
Meaning:
It is system software that controls the computer system.
Functions of Operating System:
Classification of Operating System:
WINDOWS 98
Windows 7 is an operating system that was produced by Microsoft and released as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, that year.