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2022 Geoscience Stakeholder Survey

(with past years compared)

Over the next decade, the geosciences community commits to developing a framework to understand and predict responses of the Earth as a system—from the space-atmosphere boundary to the core, including the influences of humans and ecosystems.� -- GEO Vision Report of NSF Geoscience Directorate Advisory Committee, 2009

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Four rounds of data collection: 2013, 2015, 2021, 2022

From the start, the NSF EarthCube initiative has been guided by data.

An initial stakeholder mapping set of surveys were collected between 2011 and 2013 and are presented here as combined 2013 data (n=1,542).

A follow-up survey with 2015 data (n=449) focused on the sharing and reuse of physical samples (as part of the iSamples initiative) and a number of the 2013 questions were repeated.

2021 data (n=551) from an NSF-sponsored study (n=1,604) included a large response from AGU members and a number of the EarthCube questions on data sharing were included in that survey.

Now, with 2022 data (n=160), as EarthCube winds down, we present results from a sample of researchers and cyberinfrastructure professionals still associated with EarthCube on many of the same dimensions.

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2011-2012 Stakeholder Survey: Accessing data, models, and software within fields/disciplines: Importance and ease (n=735)

How IMPORTANT is it for you to find, access, and/or integrate multiple datasets, models, and/or software (e.g. visualization tools, middleware, etc.) in your field or discipline?

How EASY is it for you to find, access, and/or integrate multiple datasets, models, and/or software (e.g. visualization tools, middleware, etc.) in your field or discipline?

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Not Important

Very Important

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Very Difficult

Very Easy

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2011-2012 Stakeholder Survey: Cooperation/sharing among geoscientists; Cooperation/sharing among cyber-developers (n=735)

There is currently a high degree of sharing of data, models, and software among geoscientists.

There is currently a high degree of sharing of software, middleware and hardware among those developing and supporting cyberinfrastructure for the geosciences.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Strongly Disagree

Strongly Agree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Strongly Disagree

Strongly Agree

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2011-2012 Stakeholder Survey: Collaboration between geo and cyber; Sufficient end user training (n=735)

There is currently sufficient communication and collaboration between geoscientists and those who develop cyberinfrastructure tools and approaches to advance the geosciences. (v72)

There is currently sufficient geoscience end-user knowledge and training so they can effectively use the present suite of cyberinfrastructure tools and train their students/colleagues in its use. (v73)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Strongly Disagree

Strongly Agree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Strongly Disagree

Strongly Agree

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2012-2014 Twenty-Three End User Workshops (n=824)

Early Career (n=37 of 150) Oct. 17-18, 2012

Structure and Tectonics (n=24 of 34) Nov. 19-20, 2012

EarthScope (n=22 of 69) Nov. 29-30, 2012

Experimental Stratigraphy (n=21 of 49) Dec. 11-12, 2012

Atmospheric Modeling/Data Assimilation and Ensemble Prediction (n=29 of 74) Dec. 19, 2012

Open Geospatial Consortium (n=14 of 50) Jan. 13, 2013

Critical Zone (n=39 of 103) Jan. 21-23, 2013

Hydrology / Envisioning a Digital Crust (n=23 of 47) Jan. 29-31, 2013

Paleogeoscience (n=40 of 79) Feb. 3-5, 2013

Education & Workforce Training (n=33 of 57) Mar. 3-5, 2013

Petrology & Geochemistry (n=59 of 83) Mar. 6-7, 2013

Sedimentary Geology (n=50 of 82) Mar. 25-27, 2013

Community Geodynamic Modeling (n=45 of 97) Apr. 22-24, 2013

Inland Waters, Geochemistry, Biogeochem, Fluvial Sedimentology (n=46 of 138) Apr. 24-26, 2013

Deep Sea Floor Processes and Dynamics (n=29 of 59) June 5-6, 2013

Real-Time Data (n=25 of 107) June 17-18, 2013

Ocean ‘Omics (n=42 of 59) Aug. 21-23, 2013

Coral Reef Systems (two workshops) (n=44 of 48) Sept. 18-19/Oct. 23-24, 2013

Geochronology (n=66 of 148) Oct. 1-3, 2013

Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (n=36 of 80) Oct. 7-8, 2013

Clouds and Aerosols (n=39 of 61) Oct. 21-22, 2013

Rock Deformation and Mineral Physics (n=37 of 79) Nov. 12-14, 2013

Marine Seismic (n=24 of 52) Dec. 11-12, 2014

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Meet the Respondents�

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Meet the respondents

EarthCube Stakeholder Surveys (including AGU) 2013 (n=1,549) 2015 (n=449) 2022 (n=160)

  • Geoscience 70.3% (1,101) 78.2% (n=351) 50.6% (n=81)
  • Cyberinfrastructure (including Computer Science,

Information and Data Science) 6.6% (n=103) 10.0% (n=45) 15.6% (n=25)

  • Both Geoscience and Cyberinfrastructure 13.1% (n=206) (Didn’t ask) 25.6% (n=41)
  • Other 9.9% (n=156) 11.8% (n=53) 8.1% (n=13)

AGU Responses in NSF Data Sharing and Reuse Study 2021 (n=551)

  • Producer of research data for use by myself and/or others 16.2% (n=89)
  • User of research data shared by others 7.6% (n=42)
  • Both producer of research data for myself and others and user of research data

shared by others 67.3% (n=371)

  • Provider of support for research data production, sharing or reuse activities 4.9% (n=27)
  • Do not use, produce or provide support for research data 0.4% (n=2)
  • It’s complicated (please explain) 3.6% (n=20)

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Primary role Sample areas of expertise

2015 2022

  • Atmospheric and Space Weather Scientist 10.2% 7.5%
  • Oceanographer 8.5% 4.4%
  • Geologist 11.4% 20.6%
  • Geophysicist 12.7% 8.8%
  • Hydrologist 5.3% 1.3%
  • Critical Zone Scientist 0.2% 0.6%
  • Climate Scientist 6.5% 7.5%
  • Biologist and Eco Systems Scientist 1.8% 5.6%
  • Geographer Not inc. 2.5%
  • Computer and Data Scientist 0.4% 11.3%
  • Social Scientist 0.2% 3.1%
  • Other Scientist Not inc. 2.5%
  • Data Manager 3.8% 2.5%
  • Research Computing Expert 2.0% 2.5%
  • Software Engineer 2.7% 5.0%
  • Designer/developer of Geoscience Instrumentation 0.4% 0.6%
  • Environmental Resource Manager Not inc. 0.6%

  • Antarctic remote sensing
  • Atmospheric chemistry modeling
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Carbonate evolution
  • Climate and aerosol modeling
  • Climate informatics
  • Computational biochemistry
  • Geochronology
  • Geodesy and tectonophysics
  • Glaciology
  • Igneous petrology
  • Limnology
  • Machine learning
  • Microbial ecology
  • Paleoecology
  • Polar and planetary geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Sedimentary geology
  • Spatial and temporal informatics
  • Stratigraphy
  • Volcanology

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  • Meet the respondents

Including graduate study, what are your years of experience in your professional disciplinary affiliation(s):

2015 2021 2022

Under 10 years 14.0% 23.1% 6.3%

11-20 years 25.2% 20.3% 27.7%

Over 20 years 60.8% 56.7% 66.0%

Please indicate your gender identity:

2015 2022

  • Woman 29% 33.1%
  • Man 71% 59.4%
  • Non-binary, two-spirit,

gender queer, or agender

and Prefer not to answer. -- 5.0%

How familiar are you with EarthCube? (Please check all that apply) 2013 2015 2022

  • This is the first time I have heard of EarthCube 27.3% 15.6% --
  • I am aware of EarthCube but I have no direct experience 31.1% 35.9% 18.1%
  • I have visited EarthCube's Website 13.9% 12.7% 37.5%
  • I have participated in EarthCube discussions 11.9% 21.7% 46.9%
  • I am actively involved with one or more EarthCube communities 11.1% 11.2% 37.5%
  • I am now or have been part of and EarthCube funded project -- -- 33.8%
  • I have assumed leadership roles within one or more EarthCube

communities (now or previously) 3.7% 2.9% 15.6%

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Data Sharing�

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Data sharing

Where (if at all) do you make your data publicly available? (check all that apply)

2021 2022

I don’t share my data publicly 3.7% 2.5%

Personal request to obtain data from another researcher 35.4% 31.9%

Data repository at my academic institution 31.6% 34.4%

Discipline-specific community data repository 34.7% 55.6%

Agency or sponsor data repository 32.1% 32.5%

Journal-specific repository 25.2% 30.0%

Web-based data sharing hub or platform (e.g., Figshare, Dryad) 24.5% 40.0%

Other (please specify) 6.2% 11.9%

Are you accessing or utilizing data other than your own? 2022

Yes 90.6%

No 5.7%

It is complicated (please explain) 1.9%

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What are the three greatest bottlenecks in your work with data and data reuse? (check the top three):

2021 2022

  • Access to expertise to work with data 21.2% 30.0%
  • Access to software and computing resources to work with data 22.7% 32.5%
  • Working with sensitive data that may have restrictions on sharing

and/or require security controls 12.5% 15.0%

  • Constructing a robust data management plan (DMP) for research proposals 9.8% 4.4%
  • Curating data for reuse by others 43.0% 43.8%
  • Curating my software code for reuse by others 26.7% 23.8%
  • Funding needed to support data sharing work 41.0% 51.2%
  • Getting access to data from others (researchers or repositories) 29.4% 38.8%
  • Utilizing data from others 18.5% 31.3%
  • Inability to get answers to questions from others when using their data 17.1% 12.5%
  • Other 8.7% 9.4%

The top three bottlenecks (indicated in Bold/Red) are consistent across the 2021 and 2022 surveys, indicated a degree of reliability between the two.

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Making data available

2013: During the past five years, approximately how many data sets, tools, models or software have you made publicly available to other scholars?

2022: During the past five years, approximately how many data sets, tools, models, notebooks, or software have you made publicly available to other scholars?

2013 2022

0 16.4% 3.8%

1-3 39.1% 25.0%

4-6 19.4% 19.2%

7-10 9.6% 16.0%

10-20 5.2% 7.1%

More than 20 8.7% 28.8%

After a decade, there has been a marked increase in reported data sharing in the geosciences. The 2013 mean was 2.8 (s.d. 2.1), while the 2022 mean is 8.6 (s.d. 7.7). Note, however, the large standard deviation, with some respondents at zero and a number at more than twenty.

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Indicator Issues�

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Finding, Accessing, Integrating data, models, and software

Progress: Importance of finding, accessing, and/or integrating multiple data sets, models, and/or software.

Pain Point: Difficulty of finding, accessing, and/or integrating multiple data sets, models, and/or software.

Important/Very important

2015

82%

2022

91%

Difficult/Very difficult

2013

65%

2022

60%

Note: Multi-year comparison data is provided on this slide and the others that follow. Caution is urged; similar populations were surveyed, but the samples differ across the years.

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Not Very

Important Important

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Very Very

Difficult Easy

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Culture Change in the Geosciences

Progress: The balance between cooperation and competition in the culture of your field or discipline.

Progress: Degree to which success is primarily a product of individual effort or a product of collective effort.

Progress: EarthCube initiative is inclusive in the way it operates.

Emphasize cooperation

2013

26%

2022

48%

Agree/Strongly Agree

2013

36%

2022

62%

Emphasize Collective effort

2013

42%

2022

58%

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Strongly Strongly

Disagree Agree

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Conflict Cooperation

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Individual Collective

Effort. Effort

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Cooperation, Communication, Sharing, Training

Progress: A high degree of cooperation and sharing of data, models, and simulations among geoscientists.

Pain Point: A high degree of cooperation and sharing of software, middleware and hardware among those developing and supporting cyberinfrastructure for the geosciences.

Pain Point: There is sufficient communication and collaboration between geoscientists and those who develop cyberinfrastructure tools and approaches to advance the geosciences.

Pain Point: There is sufficient geoscience end-user knowledge and training so they can effectively use the present suite of cyberinfrastructure tools.

Agree/Strongly Agree

2013

23%

2022

33%

Agree/Strongly Agree

2015

12%

2022

8%

Agree/Strongly Agree

2013

4%

2022

5%

Agree/Strongly Agree

2013

25%

2022

25%

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Strongly Strongly

Disagree Agree

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Support for Interdisciplinary Work and Open Sharing

Progress: My employer/organization values and rewards bridging across fields and disciplines.

Progress: Efforts that I make to bridge across fields and disciplines are recognized and highly valued by colleagues in my field/discipline.

Little Change: Sharing data, tools, models, notebooks, and software will advance my career in the next 3-5 years.

Pain Point: Trusting that shared data, tools, models, notebooks, and software will be well-documented and reliable.

Pain Point: Tenure, promotion, and rewards in my organization recognize and value sharing research data.

Agree/Strongly Agree

2013

44%

2022

50%

Agree/Strongly Agree

2013

42%

2022

50%

Agree/Strongly Agree

2013

25%

2022

29%

Agree/Strongly Agree

2015

14%

2021

10%

Agree/Strongly Agree

2013

57%

2022

59%

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Strongly Strongly

Disagree Agree

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Looking Ahead�

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Looking ahead: What is most needed to promote innovation in geoscience research?

“... the impact of EarthCube was not necessarily the tools or research currently enabled, but rather the culture change that it has instilled throughout the research cycle to increase the value of collaborative work around data.”

“Funding and professional/career recognition for work to make data and other information artifacts reusable (FAIR).

“Similar initiatives to carry on the work. This isn’t a one and done deal. There is still a lot more room for improvement in all disciplines.”

“Continued collaboration between geoscience investigators and data science and CI professionals.”

“Ease of integration across data and models toward end use applications beyond basic research; integrating human systems, data and models.”

“Data standards that are enforced!!!! Let’s stop dumping “data” into repositories in formats that are not accessible or usable by the majority of users....”

“Training in what EarthCube has accomplished and how it benefits researchers, to see what more can be done.”

“Partnership with groups working on equity and diversity in data science…”

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Over the next decade, the geosciences community commits to developing a framework to understand and predict responses of the Earth as a system—from the space-atmosphere boundary to the core, including the influences of humans and ecosystems.� -- GEO Vision Report of NSF Geoscience Directorate Advisory Committee, 2009