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དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གཞུང་། ཤེས་རིག་དང་རིག་རྩལ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཁག།

Department of School Education

Ministry of Education & Skills Development

Python Coding

January 2024

Class IX ICT Curriculum

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Key stage IV

Class IX

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LOOPS

Key Concept # 12

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Concept Overview

Coding Concept	Sub Concept
Loops	Definition of loops Importance of loops for loop Looping through string Looping through range function while loop Looping using the single condition Control statements in loops Break, Pass, Continue Understanding loops using turtle module

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Define loops with examples.
Explain the importance of using loops in Python programs.
Apply correct for loop and while loop syntax in a Python program.
Differentiate between for and while loop with examples.
Use different loops to solve Python programs.
Use control flow statements (break, continue, pass) to alter the normal flow of a program with loops.
Draw shapes using loops in Turtle module.

Objectives

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Understanding Loops

for

while

Types of Loops

A loop is a sequence of instructions that is executed repeatedly as long as a certain condition is true.
The basic idea behind a loop is to automate repetitive tasks. It performs a specific action multiple times without having to write the same code over and over again.

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Importance of Loops

Problem Solving

4

Solves repetitive problems.

Reduced Code Length

3

Reduces the overall length of code, making it more concise and easier to manage.

Efficiency

2

Loops improve the efficiency of code by avoiding redundancy.

Repetition and Automation

1

Automates repetitive tasks.
Avoids redundant code.

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Demo 1 - Loops

Write a Python program that gives the following output. Write down the solution in your notebook before testing it in Python IDLE.

Coding is awesome

Output

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Demo 1 - Solution

1 2	for i in range(9): print(“Coding is awesome”)

1 2 3 4	i=1 while i<=9: print("Coding is awesome") i=i+1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9	print("Coding is awesome") print("Coding is awesome") print("Coding is awesome") print("Coding is awesome") print("Coding is awesome") print("Coding is awesome") print("Coding is awesome") print("Coding is awesome") print("Coding is awesome")

Without loop

With while loop

With for loop

Note: Using loops will reduce the line of codes making the program more efficient.

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RANGE FUNCTION

ACTIVITIES

Understanding Range Function
Activity - Check Your Understanding

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Understanding Range

In everyday life, a range often refers to a series or sequence of things that follow a certain order or pattern.

Marks scored in ICT out of 100.

Students will get different marks in between 0 and 100. The range of marks is difference of highest and lowest marks.

Age of students in your class.

In this class there are students of different ages from 15 years to 18 years. The range is 15-18.

Examples

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Understanding range( ) Function

The range( ) function returns a sequence of numbers.
The range function can have one, two or three arguments.

start (optional) - the starting number of the sequence; the default is 0.
stop (required) - the number to stop the sequence; this number is not included in the sequence.
step (optional) - it refers to an incremental value. The default value is 1.

range(start, stop, step)

Syntax

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Understanding range( ) function

range(stop)
This form generates a sequence of numbers starting from 0 up to (but not including) the specified stop value. The step size is 1 by default.
Example:

range(5) #it generates numbers from 0 to 4

range(start, stop)
This form generates a sequence of numbers starting from the specified start value and ending just before the specified stop value. The step size is 1 by default.
Example:

range(2,5) # it generates number from 2, 3, 4

range(start, stop, step)
This form generates a sequence of numbers starting from the start value and ending just before the stop value, with increments of the specified step value.
Example:

range(1, 10, 3) # output: 1, 4, 7

The range() function has three main forms.

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Activity - Check Your Understanding

1. State the output of the following range function.

range(7)
range(2, 9)
range(2, 11, 2)

2. Complete the following statements with the most appropriate word.

A loop is a sequence of instructions that is executed repeatedly as long as a certain condition is ____
If there are two arguments in range function then the default increment value is __
If there is only one argument then default starting value in a range function ___

→ 0,1,2,3,4,5,6

→ 2,3,4,5,6,7,8

→ 2,4,6,8,10

True

1

0

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FOR LOOP

ACTIVITIES

Understanding For Loop
Demo 1 - Looping Through String.
Demo 2 - Looping Through Number.
Activity 1 - Displaying first 5 Even Numbers
Activity 2 - Accessing Characters in String
Activity 3 - Displaying Multiplication Table
Demo 3 - Drawing Triangle
Activity 4 - Drawing Square
Activity 5 - Drawing Hexagon
Activity 6 - Displaying the First Three Square Numbers
Activity 7 - Displaying Multiple of 7
Activity 8 - Finding Roots of Number in a List.
Activity 9 - Finding Sum of the First 5 Multiples of 7
Activity 10 - Finding the Sum of Numbers in a List

1

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For Loop

In Python, for loop is used for repeated execution of a group of statements for the desired number of times.
It iterates over the items of strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries and other iterable objects.

for variable in sequence:

statements

1 2	for i in range(6): print(i)

Syntax

Code

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For Loop Flowchart

START

i in [0,1,2]?

Print i

STOP

False

True

1 2	for i in range(3): print(i)

Code

Iteration	i value	condition	Print i
1	0	0 in [0,1,2] [True]	0
2	1	1 in [0,1,2][True]	1
3	2	2 in [0,1,2] [True]	2
4	3	3 in [0,1,2] [False]	Exit out of the loop
Final Output: 0, 1, 2

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Working of For loop

Watch the video to understand working of for loop

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Demo 1 - Looping Through String

Write a Python program to display characters in the string ”PYTHON”

1 2	for x in “PYTHON”: print(x)

P Y T H O N

Code

Output

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Demo 2 - Looping Through Number

Write a Python program that displays the first five whole numbers. Use for loop and workout the tracing table for the program.

1 2 3	#Displaying the first 5 numbers for i in range(5): print(i)

Code

Output

0 1 2 3 4

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Demo 2 - Solution

Iteration	i value	condition	Print i
1	0	0 in [0,1,2,3,4] [True]	0
2	1	1 in [0,1,2,3,4] [True]	1
3	2	2 in [0,1,2,3,4] [True]	2
4	3	3 in [0,1,2,3,4] [True]	3
5	4	4 in [0,1,2,3,4] [True]	4
6	5	5 in [0,1,2,3,4][False]	Exit out of the loop
Final Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Given alongside is the tracing table for the code below.

1 2	for i in range(5): print(i)

Code

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Activity 1 - Displaying First 5 Even Numbers

Write a Python program that displays the first five even numbers using for loop. Workout the tracing table for the program.

1 2	for num in range(2, 11, 2): print(num)

1 2 3	for num in range(2,11): if num%2==0: print(num)

Solution 1

Solution 2

Note: There are multiple solutions to solve a problem as given above. In solution 2 if condition and % operator are used while incremental value in range is used in solution 1.

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Activity 1 - Displaying First 5 Even Numbers

Iteration	i value	condition	Print i
1	2	2 in [2,4,6,8,10] [True]	2
2	4	4 in [2,4,6,8,10] [True]	4
3	6	6 in [2,4,6,8,10] [True]	6
4	8	8 in [2,4,6,8,10] [True]	8
5	10	10 in [2,4,6,8,10] [True]	10
6	12	12 in [2,4,6,8,10] [False]	Exit out of the loop
Final Output: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10

Given below is the tracing table of solution 1 for the problem activity 1.

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Activity 2 - Accessing Characters in String

Write a Python program that displays each character of the string stored in following variable.

message = "BHUTAN"

1 2 3	message = ”BHUTAN” for c in message: print(c)

Code

Output

B H U T A N

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Activity 3 - Displaying Multiplication Table

Write a Python program to generate a multiplication table of a number entered by a user. Limit the multiples of the number till 10.

1 2 3	n = int(input(“Enter a number:”)) for i in range(1,11): print(f’{i} X {n} = {i*n}’)

Code

Enter a number:5 1 X 5 = 5 2 X 5 = 10 3 X 5 = 15 4 X 5 = 20 5 X 5 = 25 6 X 5 = 30 7 X 5 = 35 8 X 5 = 40 9 X 5 = 45 10 X 5 = 50

Output

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Demo 3 - Drawing Triangle

Write a Python program using the Turtle module to draw a triangle with side length of 200 pixels. Use for loop.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7	from turtle import * shape(“turtle”) title(“Drawing Triangle”) for i in range(3): forward(200) left(120) done()

Code

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Activity 4 - Drawing Square

Write a Python program using the Turtle module to draw a square with side length of 200 pixels. Use for loop.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7	from turtle import * title(“Drawing Square”) shape(“turtle”) for i in range(4): forward(200) right(90) done()

Code

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Activity 5 - Drawing Hexagon

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a hexagon with sides of 100 pixels. Use while loop.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7	from turtle import * title(“Drawing Hexagon”) shape(“turtle”) for i in range(6): forward(100) right(60) done()

Code

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Activity 6 - Displaying First 3 Square Numbers

Write a Python program that displays the square of the first three natural numbers.

1 2	for i in range(1,4): print(f’The square of {i} is {i**2}’)

Code

The square of 1 is 1 The square of 2 is 4 The square of 3 is 9

Output

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Activity 7 - Displaying Multiples of 7

Write a Python program to display first five multiples of 7.

1 2	for i in range(7,36,7): print(i)

1 2 3	for i in range(1,36): if i%7==0: print(i)

Solution 1

Solution 2

7 14 21 28 35

Output

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Activity 8 - Finding Roots of Numbers in a List

Write a Python program that displays the square root of the numbers given in the list [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]. Use for loops.

1 2 3	numbers = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25] for n in numbers: print(f’The square root of {n} is {n**0.5}’)

Code

The square root of 1 is 1.0 The square root of 4 is 2.0 The square root of 9 is 3.0 The square root of 16 is 4.0 The square root of 25 is 5.0

Output

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Activity 9 - Finding Sum of the first 5 multiples of 3

Write a Python program using for loop to display the sum of the first 5 multiples of 3.

1 2 3 4	total = 0 for i in range(3,16,3): total += i print(“Total:”,total)

Solution 1

Solution 2

1 2 3 4 5	total = 0 for i in range(1,16): if i%3==0: total += i print(“Total:”,total)

Total:45

Output

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Activity 10 - Finding Sum of Numbers in a List

Sonam has collected money from his friends to buy brooms for the classroom. He collected Nu. 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. Write a Python program using for loop to calculate the total amount collected by Sonam.

1 2 3 4	total = 0 for n in [5,10,15,20,25]: total = total + n print(“Total:”,total)

1 2 3 4	total = 0 for n in range(5,26,5): total = total + n print(“Total :”,total)

Solution 2

Solution 1

Total:75

Output

Total:75

Output

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WHILE LOOP

ACTIVITIES

Understanding While Loop
Demo: Generating Number Series 0-4
Activity 1: Displaying Message
Activity 2 - Displaying the first five even number
Activity 3 - Finding sum of first 100 numbers
Activity 4 - Calculating the Factorial of number
Activity 5 - Finding average of numbers
Activity 6 - Displaying Multiplication Table
Activity 7 - Finding Sum of the first 5 multiples of 4
Activity 8 - Drawing Hexagon
Activity 9 - Drawing Octagon

2

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While Loop

A while loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a certain condition remains true.
After each iteration, the condition is evaluated again. If the condition is still true, the loop continues. If the condition becomes false, the loop is exited, and the program continues with the next statement after the loop.

while condition(s): Statements… ………………………

Syntax

1 2 3 4	x=1 while x<=3: print(“དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ།།”) x=x+1

Example

དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ།།

Output

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While Loop Flowchart

False

True

START

Condition

Print statement

STOP

Update

Initialization

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While Loop

Watch the video to understand the working of while loop

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Demo - Generating Numbers 0 - 4

Write an algorithm and Python program to generate numbers from 0 - 4 using while loop. Workout a tracing table for the program.

Step 1: START

Step 2: Initialize i to 0

Step 3: While i is less than 5, repeat Step 4 to Step 5

Step 4: Print i

Step 5: Increase the value of i by 1

Step 6: END

Algorithm

1 2 3 4	i = 0 while i < 5: print(i) i = i + 1

Code

0 1 2 3 4

Output

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Demo - Generating Numbers 0 - 4

Iteration	i value	condition	Print i	New i value [i = i + 1]
1	0	0 < 5 [True]	0	i = 0 + 1
2	1	1 < 5 [True]	1	i = 1 + 1
3	2	2 < 5 [True]	2	i = 2 + 1
4	3	3 < 5 [True]	3	i = 3 + 1
5	4	4 < 5 [True]	4	i = 4 + 1
6	5	5 < 5 [False]	Exit out of the loop
Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

1 2 3 4	i = 0 while i < 5: print(i) i = i + 1

Code

Tracing table for the following code.

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Activity 1 - Displaying Message

Write a Python program to display the message “I am awesome!” for 5 times using the while loop.

1 2 3 4 5	i = 1 while i <= 5: print(“I am awesome!”) i = i + 1

I am awesome! I am awesome! I am awesome! I am awesome! I am awesome!

Code

Output

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Activity 2 - Displaying the First Five Even Numbers

Write a Python program to display the first five even numbers using the while loop.

1 2 3 4 5 6	i = 2 print(“First 5 even numbers:”) while i <= 10: print(i) i += 2

Code

First 5 even numbers: 2 4 6 8 10

Output

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Activity 3 - Finding Sum of First 100 Numbers

Write a Python program using while loop to calculate the sum of numbers from 1 to 100.

1 2 3 4 5 6	i = 1 total = 0 while i <= 100: total += i i += 1 print(f“Sum of 100 numbers:{total}”)

Code

Sum of 100 numbers:5050

Output

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Activity 4 - Calculating the Factorial of a Number

Write a Python program using the while loop to calculate the factorial of the number entered by the user. Hint: factorial of n! = n×(n−1)×(n−2)×………..×3×2×1. 3! = 3x2x1 = 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7	n = int(input(“Enter a number to find the factorial:”)) i = 1 fact = 1 while i <= n: fact = fact*i i += 1 print(f’The factorial of {n} is {fact}’)

Code

Enter a number to find the factorial:5 The factorial of 5 is 120

Output

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Activity 5 - Finding Average of Numbers

Write a Python program using while loop to find the average for the given numbers.

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21

1 2 3 4 5 6 7	i = 3 total = 0 while i <= 21: total = total+i i += 3 average = total/7 print(f’Average of numbers:{average}’)

Code

Average of numbers:12.0

Output

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Activity 6 - Displaying Multiplication Table of a number

Write a Python program using while loop to display multiplication table of the number entered by a user.

1 2 3 4 56	n = int(input(“Enter a number:”)) i = 1 while i <= 5: print(f’{n} X {i} = {n*i}’) i += 1

Code

Enter a number:10 10 X 1 = 10 10 X 2 = 20 10 X 3 = 30 10 X 4 = 40 10 X 5 = 50

Output

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Activity 7 - Finding Sum of the first 5 multiples of 4

Write a Python program using while loop to display the sum of the first 5 multiples of 4.

1 2 3 4 5 6	total = 0 i = 4 while i <= 20: total = total + i i = i + 4 print(“Total:”,total)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7	Total = 0 i = 1 while 1 <= 20: if i%4==0: total = total + i i = i + 1 print(“Total:”,total)

Solution 1

Solution 2

Total:60

Output

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Activity 8 - Drawing Hexagon

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a hexagon with sides of 100 pixels. Use while loop.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	from turtle import * title(“Drawing Hexagon”) shape(“turtle”) i = 1 while i <= 6: forward(100) right(60) i += 1

Code

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Activity 9 - Drawing Octagon

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a octagon with sides of 100 pixels. Use while loop.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	from turtle import * title(“Drawing Octagon”) shape(“turtle”) i = 1 while i <= 8: forward(100) right(45) i += 1

Code

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Activity 8 - Drawing Octagon

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a octagon with sides of 100 pixels. Use while loop.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	from turtle import * title(“Drawing Octagon”) shape(“turtle”) i = 1 while i <= 8: forward(100) right(45) i += 1

Code

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Differences Between While and For Loop

Feature	for loop	while loop
Syntax	Iterates over a sequence (eg: list, tuple, string).	Executes a block of code as long as a condition is true.
Initialization	Automatically initialized with each item in the sequence.	Requires explicit initialization of loop control variable.
Condition	Relies on the length of the sequence or iterable object.	Depends on a condition that must be explicitly specified.
Control	Controlled by the length of the sequence or iterable object.	Controlled by the condition provided in the loop header.

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CONTROL STATEMENT IN LOOPS

ACTIVITIES

Understanding Control Statement
Demo 1 - Exiting the Loop
Demo 2 - Skipping an Iteration
Activity 1 - Skipping Odd Numbers From a Range
Activity 2 - Check Your Understanding
Activity 3 - Break, Pass, & Continue

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Flow Control Statements

Flow Control statements alter the normal flow of control in a program having loops.

Types of Flow Control Statements

break

continue

pass

Terminates the loop statement.

Skips the current iteration and jumps to the next iteration.

Acts as a placeholder, doing nothing when executed

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1. Control Flow Statement - Break

The break statement is used to control the sequence of the loop when its external condition is met.
We use break keyword to exit out of a loop.

1 2 3 4 5 6	for num in [11, 9, 88, 10, 90, 3, 19]: print(num) if num==88: print("88 is found") print("Loop Terminates ") break

11 9 88 88 is found Loop Terminates

Code

Output

Example

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Demo 1 - Exiting the Loop

Write a Python program that stops displaying numbers from a range of 0-6 when it reaches number 3. Hint- Use for loop and break control flow statement.

1 2 3 4 5	for x in range(6): if x == 3: print("Loop terminated") break print(f'x value is {x}')

x value is 0 x value is 1 x value is 2 Loop terminated

Output

Code

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2. Control Flow Statement - Continue

The continue statement is used to stop the current iteration in a loop and continue to the next iteration.
We use continue keyword to skip a current statement but continue the iteration.

1 2 3 4 5 6	i = 0 while i < 6: i += 1 if i == 3: continue print(i)

1 2 4 5 6

Output

Code

Example

Value 3 has been skipped in the output and the program has continued with 4.

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Demo 2 - Skipping an Iteration

Write a Python program using for loop and continue control flow statement to display odd numbers less than 10.

1 2 3 4 5	for i in range(1,11): if i%2==0: continue print(i)

1 3 5 7 9

Output

Code

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Activity 1 - Skipping Odd Numbers From a Range

Write a Python program that skips the odd numbers from the range of numbers from 1 to 11.

1 2 3 4	for i in range(1,11): if i%2 != 0: continue print(“Even Number: ”,i)

Even Number: 2 Even Number: 4 Even Number: 6 Even Number: 8 Even Number: 10

Output

Code

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3. Control Flow Statement - Pass

The pass statement is a null statement which can be used as a placeholder for future code.
The pass statement is used in the process of developing or prototyping code that needs a temporary solution to avoid syntax errors.
Nothing happens when the pass is executed.

1 2 3	i = 1 while i < 6: pass

Code

Output

The output will be empty to indicate that there is no error.

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Activity 2 - Check Your Understanding

What will be the output of the following code? Choose the correct answer.

Display numbers from 2 - 6

Display syntax error.

1 2	for i in range(2,7): pass

Code

A

Display empty screen

Display the text pass

B

C

D

Display empty screen

C

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Activity 3 - Pass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9	for i in range(11): if i==2: pass elif i==3 continue elif ==6 break else: print(i)

Study the following code carefully and complete the following tasks.

Code

Design a tracing table for the code.
Write the output of the program.
What did you notice about the program in terms of break, pass and continue.

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Activity 4 - Applying Control Flow Statements

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9	for i in range(11): if i==2: pass elif i==3: continue elif i==6: break else: print(i)

Study the following code carefully and complete the following tasks.

Code

Design a tracing table for the code.
What numbers will be printed?.
What did you notice about the program in terms of break, pass and continue.

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Activity 4 - Solution

Iteration	i value	Pass	Continue	Break	Print
1st	0	False	False	False	0
2nd	1	False	False	False	1
3rd	2	True	-	-	-
4th	3	False	True	-	-
5th	4	False	False	False	4
6th	5	False	False	False	5
7th	6	False	False	True	Terminate loop
The numbers 0, 1, 4, 5 will be printed

During 3rd iteration, the value of i is equal to 2, so it is passed and not printed.
During 4th iteration, the value of i is equal to 3, so the code is continued without printing.
During 7th iteration, the value of i is equal to 6, so the loop terminates prematurely.

1

2

3

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A loop is a sequence of instructions that is executed repeatedly until a specific condition is met.
The range() function returns a sequence of numbers and it can have one, two or three arguments.
Loops in Python automate repetitive tasks, iterate over data, and streamline code execution, boosting productivity and efficiency.
for loop is used to iterate over a known number of items in a sequence and the loop variable is automatically set to the next item on each iteration.
while loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a certain condition is true. The condition is checked at the beginning of each iteration.

Key Points

January 2024

PYTHON

Key stage IV

Class IX

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With break statements, we can prematurely terminate loop when an external condition is met.
The continue keyword is used to end the current iteration in a for loop(or a while loop), and continues to the next iteration.
The pass statement is a null statement which can be used as a placeholder for future code.
Control statements are important for directing program flow, making decisions, iterating over data, handling errors, and enabling customization in order to write dynamic and efficient code.

Key Points

January 2024

PYTHON

Key stage IV

Class IX

64 of 64

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THANK YOU

January 2024

PYTHON

Key stage IV

Class IX