The growing anthropogenic immune deficit and increased morbidity
Figure 1. Spatio-temporal characteristics of global morbidity in relation to
population growth and long-term exposure to anthropogenic harmful pollutants
Figure 2. Mechanisms of action of anthropogenic pollutants and achievements
of modern technology on the immune response
Figure 2. Anthropogenic congenital abnormalities and regulatory authorities
Figure 3. Some indicative publications
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Diabetes 108 mil (1980) 0,42 bil (2014)
Parkinsons’s disease 2,5 mil. (1990) 6,1 mil (2016)
Breast cancer 0,6 mil. New cases (1980) 1,7 mil (2018)
Non Hodgkin's lymphoma 240.000 (1975) 0,6 mil (2018)
Cong. heart diseases 518.176 (1970) 1,3 mil (2016)
Obesity 280 mil. (1970) 1,3 bil (2018)
Hypertension 600 mil. (1980) 1,0 bil (2008)
COVs cases/deaths 8,422/774 (2002-2003) 111 mil/2,5 mil
�
1950: 0,3 mil ton 1970: 1,5 mil ton 2017: 4,5 mil ton
1945: 20 species
1955: 100 species
2017 > 3.000 species
Atmospheric pollutants
Pesticides
1960: 20 mil barrels/day
2010: 73 mil barrels/day
Crude oil
Population
1955: 2 bil
2020: 7,5 bil
2010
2020
(…20-02-2021)
1976 Ebola
1981 AIDS
1956 HPV
2009 H1N1
2019 SARS-CoV-2
2012 MERS -CoV
2002–2004 SARS
1968 H3N2
1950 Zica
Spatio-temporal characteristics of global morbidity in relation to
population growth and long-term exposure to anthropogenic harmful pollutants
Changes of
damage
cell death
Changes of
non-specific immunity
Deregulation of
immune cells
regulatory T cells
neutral cells
depletion
phenotypes
diseases
new diseases
Mechanisms of
action of
anthropogenic
pollutants and
achievements
of modern technology
on the immune
response
CONCLUSION
WHO recognizes the correlation between pesticide exposure and congenital abnormalities
Many "congenital malformations" and "idiopathic" syndromes are attributed to pesticide exposure
Embryotoxicity and exposure risks remain an open field of research
Pesticide exposure risk assessment needs policy interventions, new methodologies, biomonitoring, studies and collaborations of specialized scientists
Anthropogenic congenital abnormalities and regulatory authorities
Some indicative publications
Hypospadias in offspring is associated with chronic exposure of parents to organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides. Michalakis M, Tzatzarakis MN, Kovatsi L, Alegakis AK, Tsakalof AK, Heretis I, Tsatsakis A. Toxicol Lett. 2014 Oct 15;230(2):139-45. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Oct 25. PMID: 24388412
Pesticide Exposure and Health Related Issues in Male and Female Reproductive System. Written By Stavros Sifakis, Mihalis Mparmpas, Offie P. Soldin and Aristides Tsatsakis. Published: 21 January 2011. DOI: 10.5772/15845
THE ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTORS MAY CAUSE CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES - A RESEARCH STUDY. Demetrios Petrakis, Michael Michalakis, (…) Aristides M Tsatsakis. 31st Panhellenic Congress of Paediatric Surgery with international participation, Thessaloniki 6-8 October 2017, in English
Pesticides, cognitive functions and dementia: A review. Aloizou AM, Siokas V, Vogiatzi C, Peristeri E, Docea AO, Petrakis D, Provatas A, Folia V, Chalkia C, Vinceti M, Wilks M, Izotov BN, Tsatsakis A, Bogdanos DP, Dardiotis E. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Jun 15;326:31-51. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.005. PMID: 32145396
Exposure and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Use in Agriculture Marina Goumenou, Elisavet A. Renieri, Dimitris Petrakis, Alexis V. Nathanail, Veta Kokaraki, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Chapter 14 - Methods for environmental monitoring of pesticide exposure, Editor(s): Claudio Colosio, Aristidis M. Tsatsakis, Stefan Mandić-Rajćević, Athanasios Alegakis, Academic Press, 2021, Pages 347-387, ISBN 9780128124666, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812466-6.00013-0