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Advancements in Industrial Technology

Max Ranney and Andrew Flynn

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Class Thesis

The Industrial Revolution, which transformed the global economy during the 18th and 19th centuries, began in England because the government's classical liberal policies enabled capital to be invested in innovative scientific advances which first revolutionized agricultural production and then led to the invention of the steam engine. Investors then financed new applications of steam power that revolutionized the production and transportation of goods at low prices to markets around the world. The Industrial Revolution enabled England to experience rapid growth in the standard of living for everyone and, therefore, represented social progress.

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Our Topic Sentence

The Industrial Revolution, which transformed the global economy during the 18th and 19th centuries, began in England because the government's classical liberal policies enabled capital to be invested in innovative scientific advances which first revolutionized agricultural production and then led to the invention of the steam engine. Investors then financed new applications of steam power that revolutionized the production and transportation of goods at low prices to markets around the world. The Industrial Revolution enabled England to experience rapid growth in the standard of living for everyone and, therefore, represented social progress.

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How We Are Going to Prove It

We are going to give specific examples of how capital was invested to allow innovation in technology. Without funding, it would be impossible to invent the technology that fueled the Industrial Revolution.

Money Offering Clipart Clipart.WorldArtsMe Cliparts Collections.

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The Steam Engine

Engineering, Real, director. Steam Engine - How Does It Work. YouTube, YouTube, 15 June 2016.

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The Steam Engine

  • Coal and wood are finite
    • Running out of trees
  • Thomas Newcomen (1664-1729) made first steam engine, not efficient only does work in one area
  • James Watt (1736-1819) improved the steam engine and made it twice as efficient with financing from Matthew Boulton.
  • Links: JAMES WATT (Spartacus), MATTHEW BOULTON (Spartacus), THOMAS NEWCOMEN (Wikipedia)

Lienhard, John H. “Watt and Black.” University of Houston.

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The Steam Engine

“Although no formal partnership agreement was drawn up, for his two-thirds share, Boulton agreed to bear all the costs of getting patents, carrying out experiments, providing stock, managing the workmen and making deals.”

Uglow, Jennifer. The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made The Future. Faber, 2003.

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Steam Engine.” DK Find Out!

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Blast Forges and Coal Coke

  • The iron available wasn't strong enough to make the steam engines better
  • Wood was becoming more expensive
  • Abraham Darby created coal coke in 1709 by heating coal without oxygen
  • Eventually was used in conjunction with blast furnaces in order to make iron more sturdy and have less impurities
  • Eventually the bessemer process was invented to make steel
  • Could not have been possible without a classical liberal government

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Blast Forge Quote

“This technological achievement allowed a major expansion of the iron trade, and ultimately it helped lead to the Industrial Revolution. In the space of 40 years, the small village of Coalbrookdale, in Shropshire, where Darby made his discovery, became a major mining site, employing about 500 people.”

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Bridges

With the advancement in iron, metal bridges became possible

Could hold more tonnage and were stronger

Could last longer

Every part was cast in a mold

Led to train tracks and railroads

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Quote on Bridges

“The results of these discoveries and experiments tell us a lot more about how the Bridge was built. We now know that all the large castings were made individually as they are all slightly different. The joints would all be familiar to a carpenter - mortise and tenons, dovetails and wedges - but this was the traditional way in which iron structures were joined at the time.”

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The First Iron Bridge

Built by Ellis Martin

Built in 1779

Was eventually torn down but it was reproduced

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Railroads

  • Trevithick (1771-1833) made high pressure engine for mines
  • Trevithick experiments with steam locomotive
  • Vivian and West fund him
  • Made Penydarren, goes five miles per hour
    • It kept breaking cast iron nails
  • “Without financial backing, Richard Trevithick had to abandon his plans to develop a steam locomotive.”
  • Links: RICHARD TREVITHICK (Spartacus)

Simkin, John. “Richard Trevithick.” Spartacus Educational, Spartacus Educational

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Reproduction of Penydarren

Simkin, John. “Penydarren.” Spartacus Educational, Spartacus Educational.

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Railroads (continued)

  • 1814: George Stephenson constructs a locomotive that can pull thirty tons up a hill called Blutcher
  • Stephenson and William Losh patented their own type of cast iron rails
  • 1822: The rails were laid on wooden blocks
    • Slopes are bad, so tunnels are made
  • Finished September 1825
  • Eventually went into a partnership where they open coal mines
  • Links: GEORGE STEPHENSON (Spartacus)

Simkin, John. “George Stephenson.Spartacus Educational, Spartacus Educational.

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The Blutcher

Simkin, John. “George Stephenson.Spartacus Educational.

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Steamboats

Used steam engine and waterwheels to move it

Did not require wind to travel across the atlantic ocean

Had to convert the linear energy into rotational energy

Used oil boilers to heat the steam

Charlotte Dundas was the first Steamboat

Made in 1801 by William Symington

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The Westerner

Made 80 voyages

Built by isambard Kingdom Brunel

Built in 1852

Made 80 voyages across the atlantic and was able to carry 4000 people

SS Great Western , Wikipedia

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The Westerner Quote

“In 1836, Isambard Brunel, his friend Thomas Guppy and a group of Bristol investors formed the Great Western Steamship Company to build a line of steamships for the Bristol-New York route.[3] The idea of regular scheduled transatlantic service was under discussion by several groups and the rival British and American Steam Navigation Company was established at the same time.

Isambard Brunel - Wikipedia

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Conclusion

The technological advancements of the industrial revolution were only possible through the wealthy aristocrats funding the radical ideas of inventors. These new inventions sent the world into a new age of automation. However, with these inventions people flocked into the cities and caused new problems for the workers.

“Their backgrounds were quite diverse, yet they had one thing in common: the daring to seize the opportunity to invest in new ventures. It was these capitalists who gave the necessary impetus to the speedy growth of the Industrial Revolution.” - Joseph A. Motaga

Investors Clip Art.” Strength Clip Art Free | Clipart Panda - Free Clipart Images

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Works Cited

  1. Uglow, Jennifer. The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made The Future. Faber, 2003.
  2. Engineering, Real, director. Steam Engine - How Does It Work. YouTube, YouTube, 15 June 2016, aaaaaawww.youtube.com/watch?v=fsXpaPSVasQ.
  3. “Steam Engine.” DK Find Out!, www.dkfindout.com/us/science/amazing-inventions/steam-engine/.
  4. Burchill, Shirley. “The Industrial Revolution .” The Open Door Web Site : History : The Agricultural Revolution : Charles Townshend aaaaaaand the Four Year Crop Rotation, www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/008.html.
  5. Simkin, John. “James Watt.” Spartacus Educational, Spartacus Educational, spartacus-educational.com/SCwatt.htm.
  6. Simkin, John. “Penydarren.” Spartacus Educational, Spartacus Educational, spartacus-educational.com/RApenydarren.htm.
  7. Simkin, John. “Richard Trevithick.” Spartacus Educational, Spartacus Educational,spartacus-educational.com/RAtrevithick.htm.
  8. Simkin, John. “George Stephenson.” Spartacus Educational, Spartacus Educational, aaaaaaspartacus-educational.com/RAstephensonG.htm.
  9. “The Industrial Revolution.” Sophie's World, writewellgroup.com/Euro_Hum_2002-03/Industrial%20Rev/Matagna_capital.htm.

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Works Cited (Continued)

  • “Blast Furnace.” Wikipedia, Wikipedia, 21 Feb. 2019, 11:02, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_furnace#Coke_blast_furnaces.
  • “The Great Westerner.” ThoughtCo, ThoughtCo, www.thoughtco.com/isambard-kingdom-brunels-great-steamships-1774004.
  • “Money Offering Clipart Clipart.” WorldArtsMe Cliparts. aaaaaaCollections.,worldartsme.com/money-offering-clipart.html#gal_post_95749_money-offering-clipart-1.jpg.
  • “The First Iron Bridge.” Bbc.co.uk, Bbc, www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/iron_bridge_01.shtml.
  • “Matthew Boulton.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 31 Jan. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Boulton.
  • “History - British History in Depth: Paddle Steamship Animation.” BBC, BBC, aaaaawww.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/launch_ani_paddle_steamship.shtml.
  • Engineering, Real. “Steam Engine - How Does It Work.” YouTube, YouTube, 15 June 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsXpaPSVasQ.
  • 13 November, 2017 By Jess Clark. “£3.6M Project to Save Historic Iron Bridge.” New Civil Engineer, aaaaawww.newcivilengineer.com/tech-excellence/36m-project-to-save-historic-iron-bridge/10025188.article.
  • Limited, Alamy. “Stock Photo - The Charlotte Dundas, First Steamboat Launched by William Symington, England, 1801, ‘Classical Portfolio of aaaaaaPrimitive Carriers’, by Marshall M. Kirman, World Railway Publ. Co.” Alamy, aaaaaawww.alamy.com/stock-photo-the-charlotte-dundas-first-steamboat-launched-by-william-symington-83848990.html.