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The slides within this resource, although detailed, are designed to be used as a starting point for teachers to construct lessons around the language points that are explored here. The slides are intended to be used individually as a resource within a lesson and to be incorporated as part of instruction incrementally throughout the term to ensure that students have been exposed to all the language points in the coverage ahead of their end of term exam. Therefore, the PowerPoint should not be presented at a single event or in its entirety. Some functional language points may overlap with grammatical points in the coverage, and in that case, it is possible to combine slides. However, this resource should be considered to be a collection of individual slides that teachers can use to enhance students’ learning.

The Coverage, Grammar and Functional Language Teaching Resource

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Within this document, you will find information about the coverage for this term. The lexis family that assessments will contain is mentioned as well as the particular grammatical and functional language points that will be tested in the exams at the end of this term. In the preparation sections, you will find examples and explanations for the grammatical and functional language points that will be assessed this term.

The grammar preparation section has an example sentence that illustrates the grammatical point. It follows this with an explanation of the meaning of the example sentence. Next, the specific grammatical structure used within the example sentence is detailed and links given to further resources. Next is an explanation of the circumstances under which the particular structure is used. More example sentences using the structure are given at the end of the slide.

In the functional language preparation section, there are examples of the particular language point followed by an explanation of how the particular are used. In the associated grammar section, language points that comprise the structure or can be used to in conjunction with the language point to express the stipulated function are detailed.

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Term 3 Assessment Coverage

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Topic(s): People, expeditions, places.
ECFE Grammar	Prerequisite Grammar	GSE Grammar	Functional Language
Past time: past continuous	Can tell when to use the present simple and when to use the present continuous. (29)	Can use 'when' to link clauses in the past simple and past continuous. (46)	Making predictions and hypothesising Asking for and making suggestions and recommendations Expressing opinion
Conditionals: first conditional	Can use ‘can’ to refer to ability in the present. (29) Can express personal plans and intentions for the future using 'going to'. (35)	Can make offers using the first conditional. (46) Can describe possible future outcomes of a present action or situation using the first conditional. (46)
Future time: present continuous	Can express personal plans and intentions for the future using 'going to’. (35)	Can use the present continuous with future reference. (42) Can use the present continuous to refer to changing situations. (46)
Passive: past simple passive	Can make affirmative statements using common regular past simple forms. (30)	Can use transitive verbs in the passive with the object as the grammatical subject. (46)

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Term 3 preparation: Grammar

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I was cycling home when I crashed my bike.
Meaning	The crash interrupted the action of riding the bike.
Grammatical structure	Past continuous Clause (past continuous – was / were + verb-ing) + ‘when’ + clause (past simple)
Usage	We use the past continuous with ‘when’ to talk about an action that interrupts another action taking place in the past. The action that is ongoing is the past continuous and the action that interrupts it is the past simple. We use ‘when’ to join the clauses and indicate that the action was interrupted.
Other examples	They were listening to the radio when the doorbell rang. I was playing basketball when I fell and hurt my knee. She was talking on the phone when she saw her friend.

crashed my bike

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If you make lunch, I’ll wash up.
Meaning	The speaker is offering to wash the dishes in exchange for the other person making lunch. The offer to wash up is conditional on the other person making food. Food = washing up. No food = no washing up.
Grammatical structure	First conditional 'if' + present simple + 'will' + VP for offers
Usage	We can use first conditional to make conditional offers and to say, “If you help me, I’ll help you.” We will only ‘help’ when we receive ‘help’.
Other examples	He’ll drive if we pay for petrol. If I get the tickets, will you pay for the taxi home? If they meet me at the station, I’ll show them which bus to take.

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If she doesn’t arrive soon, she’ll miss the boat!
Meaning	The person’s future depends on her current situation. The current situation is that she isn’t currently at the harbour. She has two possible futures - either she arrives shortly and gets on the boat, or she arrives later and misses it.
Grammatical structure	First conditional If + present simple (condition) + will / won’t + verb (result).
Usage	We can use the first conditional to talk about the possible future outcomes of a current situation.
Other examples	If I hurry, I’ll make the last metro. He’ll be in trouble if he rips that book! What will you do if the museum is closed?

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I’m getting on a plane at 3am.
Meaning	The speaker is talking about what they have arranged to do at a specific time in the future.
Grammatical structure	Present continuous with future reference am / is / are + verb-ing
Usage	We can use the present continuous to talk about future arrangements – something we have prepared to do. In the example above, the speaker has prepared by buying a plane ticket.
Other examples	What are you doing this weekend? She’s not meeting us at the mall. We’re playing football tonight.

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The weather’s getting hotter.
Meaning	The temperature is increasing outside – there is a change.
Grammatical structure	Present continuous for changing situations is / am / are + verb-ing
Usage	We can use the present continuous to talk about a situation that is changing, growing or developing.
Other examples	The seasons are changing. More people are travelling by bus this year. Are you getting better at English now?

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The university was built in 1970.
Meaning	The most important thing in this sentence is that the university was built so this is positioned first in the sentence. The builders are not the focus, so they are not mentioned.
Grammatical structure	Past simple passive was / were + past participle
Usage	We use the past simple passive to talk about a finished action in the past. The passive is used when the person or thing that did the action is not known, or not the focus of our interest. To turn an active sentence into a passive sentence, the object of the active sentence is moved to the subject position and the subject of the active sentence is either removed or included in the complement.
Other examples	The book was written by Salha Obeid. The mountain was climbed by the explorer. The boat was damaged in the race.

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Term 3 preparation:

Functional language

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What do you think might happen? I predict the Olympics will be in Australia in 2030. Spending time with friends and family will probably improve your wellbeing. I don’t think the prices will increase any time soon.
Functional language point	Making predictions and hypothesising
Associated grammar	Future tenses, modals, noun phrases, prepositional phrases

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I’d suggest you exercise more if you want to lose weight. I’d recommend travelling around South America. What about buying a new a new exercise machine for your home? Why don’t you speak to the manager about your problem?
Functional language point	Asking for and making suggestions and recommendations
Associated grammar	Wh- questions, verb + ing, first conditional, modals, present simple

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From my point of view, the online business failed because of the manager. I am certain that you will enjoy working in Switzerland with that new IT company. I believe that climbing a mountain is the most difficult thing anyone can do. In my opinion, travelling the world is the best life experience.
Functional language point	Expressing opinion
Associated grammar	Pronouns, prepositional phrases, subordinate conjunctions, future time, present simple

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