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Sports tourism. There are 2 types of sports tourism: active and passive. The basis of active sports tourism is the need to engage in any type of sport. In passive sports tourism, interest in the sport is mainly observation. Sports tourism has become much more active recently, including the following sports activities: Water tourism is an active movement activity known since ancient times in countries with water resources. Recently, the creation of new modern forms has led to the growth of this type of tourism. This is mainly due to the expansion of the use of water transport of various sizes or types, purchased or rented by tourists. The basis of the infrastructure of this type of tourism is a sports port. Winter sports. Winter sports practice is one of the traditional tourist activities. It has various forms: alpine skis, mountain skis, etc. Usually, winter tourism is organized at mountain winter stations.

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Hunting and fishing. This tourism is also one of the traditional types of tourism, organized according to certain established rules, that is, special permits and licenses are required to participate in it. Hunting and fishing are organized depending on geographical location, season, and restrictions and permits imposed for the purpose of preserving certain species of animals and fish. As a type of hunting, one can include trips organized in African reserves. It should be noted that this type of sports tourism is considered specialized and has its own supporters. Golf is a type of sports tourism that originated in Great Britain and later spread to other countries. It should be noted that sports tourism should have a broad infrastructure.

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It includes places for leasing sports equipment, service areas, changing rooms, maintenance services, special facilities (fields, courts, swimming pools, etc.). High risks and the high probability of injury require the availability of medical stations. In addition, there should also be areas for additional services, including accommodation, catering facilities, shops, discos, etc. Social tourism refers to all types of tourist trips consumed by low-income and socially vulnerable segments of the population and persons purchasing discounted vouchers, but partially or fully financed by the state budget, state and non-state funds, sponsors, enterprises and organizations operating in tourism, and individuals allocated for social needs.

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Excursion (acquaintance, viewing) tourism - this type is mainly developed within the country. Individual or group interest in visiting local history, history, and cultural museums, botanical gardens, factory operations, nearby resorts, natural landscapes, zoos, water and river basins in a short time under the leadership of an initiative leader (teacher, ecologist, engineer, specialist).��Urban tourism - interest in seeing modern cities in one's homeland and abroad. Interest in new monuments and expanded cities of a new type in the cities of Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Shakhrisabz, especially in the cities of Navoi, Zarafshan, Uchkuduk, built in our steppes, must ensure the search for its own tourist market in both domestic and international tourism.

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The listed 14 types of tourism can be developed in our republic at the level of requirements. Because there is detailed information about tourists' interest in these types of tourism (domestic and foreign tourism). Secondly, the tourist resources of these tours - the diversity of their objects, content, attractiveness, grandeur, sanctity, uniqueness, originality, and descriptions of their appearance - are actively advertised on television and in the Internet information system.
Also, from the experience of countries with developed tourism, it is known that the flow of tourists to these types occurs on a very large scale. That is why the listed types are called the main types of tourism, and it would be correct to name them this way.

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"The Tashkent International Tourism Fair has actually become a tradition, but this year's exhibition "Tourism on the Silk Road" is different from last year's. The first is the twentieth anniversary of the exhibition. Secondly, at the beginning of this year, at the initiative of the President of our country, many reforms are being carried out in this direction in order to turn tourism into a locomotive of state development.

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As Christopher Ibsen, Deputy Regional Director for Europe at the UN World Tourism Organization, noted, today tourism ranks third in terms of its share in global GDP, even ahead of car production. What does this indicate?

It is necessary to supply raw materials for production. For example, cotton must be supplied for clothing production, and iron for machine production. Tourism is a sector where service is the main factor. It has no raw materials. Our raw materials are the historical monuments inherited from our ancestors, our ancient cities. The most important thing is the proper provision of services and the creation of infrastructure. Therefore, this year's exhibition pays special attention to these two factors," says Bekhruz Khamzayev.

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According to him, foreigners are also showing great interest in this year's exhibition. Therefore, the exhibition "Tourism on the Silk Road" is being held simultaneously in two panels - the National Pavilion and the International Pavilion. In the National Pavilion, all regions of Uzbekistan demonstrate their tourism potential. At the international pavilion, issues of developing domestic and foreign tourism are being discussed with foreign guests.

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"Taking into account direct contracts, we have an initiative called HostedBuyers. We have invited representatives of large travel companies and media companies here. We have allocated part of the international pavilion for negotiation and signature rooms. So, the Tashkent International Tourism Exhibition is not just an ordinary exhibition, but an event that brings practical results," the expert added.

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BUSINESS TOURISM ANIMATION

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Professional business tourism. This type of tourism includes business trips. In the current conditions of economic modernization, the activities of private entrepreneurs require working with foreign partners, thanks to which international relations of local entrepreneurs are developing. The advantage of business tourism is that it allows organizing it even during off-season for the tourism industry. The peculiarity of this type of tourism is that participants in business meetings spend more money during a trip around the country compared to an ordinary tourist. Therefore, many countries try to hold international forums and similar events in their countries (for example, various forums, festivals, winter and summer sports competitions, etc.).

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It hasn't been long since business tourism emerged as a separate tourism sector in our country. When a businessman travels abroad to improve their qualifications, upgrade equipment, or find new partners for business development, they can use the services of travel agencies.

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Many entrepreneurs participate in major foreign exhibitions to purchase new equipment and technologies. Entrepreneurs of our country are showing great interest in specialized world exhibitions in order to find useful partners in their sectors of the economy. According to the results of 2014, great interest in business tourism was expressed in China, the USA, Germany, and Turkey. The main purposes of traveling to these countries are exhibitions, business meetings, as well as participation in factories, forums, and professional seminars.

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A business tour is an acquaintance with international best practices, a meeting with experts, exhibitions, meetings, congresses and seminars from the USA to China. This is also a great opportunity to combine business and leisure.
The leading company in this direction in the Uzbekistan market is undoubtedly International Business Travel (www.ibt.uz). The company provides a full range of services for organizing business trips: visa assistance, pre-booking of hotels, transfer, registration at exhibitions, etc. Experienced specialists will help you ensure your trip goes smoothly.

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EXHIBITIONS LIST

Exhibition	Location	Topic	Date	Price
HOSFAIR Guangzhou 2015	Guangzhou, China	International exhibition of hotel and restaurant business and services	10–12 September	$1260 for 2 persons
Process Expo 2015	Chicago, USA	International exhibition on food production and processing	15–18 September	$1650 per person
Pack Expo 2015	Las Vegas, USA	International packaging industry exhibition	28–30 September	$1600 per person
Sommet de l'Elevage 2015	Clermont-Ferrand, France	European professional exhibition on livestock and poultry	7–9 October	from $2500 for 2 persons
Canton 118	Guangzhou, China	World’s largest export and import products exhibition	15 October–4 November	$615 per person
Le Mondial du Bâtiment 2015	Paris, France	Paris Construction Week	2–6 November	$2300 for 2 persons
ITMA 2015	Milan, Italy	Major international textile machinery exhibition	12–19 November	$2300 for 2 persons
Greater New York Dental Meeting	New York, USA	International dental exhibition-congress	27 November–2 December	$1750 per person

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On Saturday, August 10, 2019, a master class on the business meeting industry (MICE tourism) was held in Tashkent with the participation of representatives of the UNWTO and ICCA. The event was organized within the framework of the Gastro Bazaar - 2019 international gastronomic festival. This was reported by the press service of the Tourism Development Committee.

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A master class with the participation of international experts was held at the initiative of the State Committee for Tourism Development.
The purpose of the training is to study the experience of leading world experts in improving the level of international business events held in the country, increasing the MICE tourism potential of Uzbekistan and increasing the income from the implementation of projects. Participants of the event, consisting of business entities providing hotel services and tour operators, had the opportunity to receive free training and necessary knowledge from representatives of the ICCA and UNWTO Academy on holding international-level events in their field.
The master classes were conducted by the Permanent Representative of the UNWTO Affiliation Program, Dmitry Ilyin (Spain), the Regional Director of ICCA for Europe, Elif Balcı Fisinoglu (Turkey), and the head of the Silk Road Office under the State Committee for Tourism Development, Mirtolib Mirzokhidov, moderated the event.

According to UNWTO Resident Representative Dmitry Ilyin, the meeting industry is one of the most important segments of tourism. After all, it brings great benefits to the economy - reduces the concept of seasonality, stimulates the renewal of tourist destinations, and in general, has a positive impact on innovation and a creative approach.

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"Our main goal is to expand cooperation between state tourism organizations and business entities in organizing business meetings. "This is the first experience for Uzbekistan, such master classes will take the country's tourism business to a new level," said Elif Balchi.
During the training, the participants got acquainted with the concept of MICE-tourism and its basic principles, modern trends and economic indicators in this area, as well as received appropriate answers to their questions from international experts. The Chairman of the Board of the Association of Gastronomic Tourism of Turkey, Gurkan Boztepe, gave an interview on the importance of gastronomic tourism in the development of MICE-tourism within the framework of the event:

"Today, within the framework of the Gastronomic Tourism Festival, a master class on MICE tourism is being held. It should be noted that gastronomic tourism is also very important in the development of MICE-tourism. Why, you ask? Because people coming for MICE-tourism are mainly people with high taste and income, and they are ready to do anything to try the dishes they want. It's natural for such people to eat where they come from, and it should be noted that some of them even come with their families. For them, it is important to eat in an environment corresponding to national culture and traditions, in this regard, MICE-tourism and gastronomic tourism are interconnected. Therefore, holding such festivals is very important."

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Based on the target objectives of MICE tourism and international experience, the following activities are planned to be actively implemented in the short term in the coming years:
1) Development of a strategy and action plan for the development of MICE tourism in the republic, including:
development of an annual program for holding events at the international and local levels, taking into account the seasonality factor of tourism;
Identify priority regions and countries for conducting MICE tourism events in Uzbekistan;
attracting domestic and foreign investments to the Uzbekistan market;
determining the directions of MICE tourism events based on the existing opportunities in the regions of the country;

Development of the country's national brand for MICE tourism;
Development of cooperation between organizations of Uzbekistan and foreign countries for the development of MICE tourism.
2) creation of a separate state institution (under the State Committee for Tourism Development) related to the development of MICE tourism in the country. The following tasks may be included in its competence:
- implementation of a unified (centralized) MICE tourism policy;
- Coordination of the activities of state and private organizations involved in the MICE tourism process;
- Compilation and regular updating of a list of hotels, tour operators, buildings and other organizations operating in the field of MICE tourism;
- Promotion of MICE tourism events, as well as a positive image of the country's regions in international markets.

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3) Creation of the necessary infrastructure in the regions of the country for the development of MICE tourism. Including:
- Construction of 4-5-star hotels and business centers;
- adaptation, reconstruction, and repair of vacant buildings for conducting MICE tourism events;
- attracting potential entrepreneurs and investors to create the necessary infrastructure for the development of MICE tourism in the country;
- establishment of an online reservation service for MICE tourism events of state and private organizations.
4) Establishing active cooperation with the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA) and registering organizations involved in MICE tourism in the country on the ICCA website;
5) promotion of the country's MICE tourism potential in domestic and foreign markets and conducting continuous marketing research;

6) training and retraining of professional personnel in the field of MICE tourism. Including:
- Organization of special courses for the issuance of certificates at the Tourism Training and Consulting Center under the State Committee for Tourism Development;
- inclusion of training hours on MICE tourism in the curricula of educational institutions.

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ANIMATION PROGRAMS IN CRUISE TOURISM.

Прокопова А.Н. 3-СД-48

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The idea of recreation in water and sea voyages has been known since the time of the ancient Romans and Greeks. Island countries and states with archipelagos and distant coastlines, for example, Greece, actively used maritime transport... The rise of the cruise business began in the mid-19th century, during the formation of tourism. Start a sea vacation laid out in England. In 1835, pleasure flights were organized and regularly operated between Great Britain and Ireland. Thomas Cook actively used it in his practice to organize all types of sea voyages, and one of the most popular flights was the route from Great Britain to the Black Sea.

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SEA CRUISES

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The cruise business truly flourished in the 1970s, when the idea of very attractive and entertainment-rich cruise travel was realized in the USA. This program was aimed at middle-class Americans who provided lucrative jobs to freight companies. The organization of sea voyages quickly became a profitable tourism business. The reason for this is the new concept of cruise tourism service methodology, put forward and implemented by Bob Dicenson, the chief marketing officer of the Carnival cruise company, who previously served at Ford.

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INDUSTRY RECOVERY (2024)

By 2024, the global cruise industry had fully recovered and surpassed pre-pandemic performance, with passenger numbers reaching about 35 million worldwide. North America remained the leading source market, while Europe grew steadily and Asia expanded rapidly.

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FORECAST AND TRENDS (2025)

In 2025, global cruise passenger volumes may approach 37 million. Growth is supported by new mega-ships, digital onboard services, themed cruises, and sustainability investments such as LNG-powered vessels and carbon-reduction strategies. Younger travelers and family segments are increasingly shaping demand.

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One of the most noticeable trends is a slight decrease in the average cruise price in recent years. This is explained by the fact that more and more ships are launched every year. The tragic events in the USA and the war in Iraq played an important role in reducing the cost of cruise holidays. It was the conflict in the Middle East that seriously helped Russian companies operating in the cruise market. The fact is that, due to hostilities and fear of terrorists, the most active cruisers in the 2004-2005 season were the Americans and the British. They booked cruises across the Mediterranean Sea much less than usual. Usually, until April, American companies sell cruises throughout the summer, but due to a shortage of tourists, they were forced to significantly reduce prices. The Tsarina was among the first to introduce special prices for Russians. For example, a 12-day cruise on the Golden Princess (4 stars) costs $799 compared to the catalog price of $3,600. Caribbean Royal and Celebrity did the same, with Celebrity's 5-star Millennium cruise costing only $899. As a result, the Russians surpassed the British, Australians, and Canadians, taking second place on individual ships after the Americans.

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RIVER CRUISES

Cruise is a unique travel product that combines transport, accommodation, and entertainment. The main accommodation of passengers during a cruise is the ship, which is often the main attraction, therefore special attention should be paid to the characteristics of some large cruise ships and the description of the usual stay of tourists on the ship.
Cruise programs are very diverse. Some of them are dedicated to specific dates, themes, and events. For example, an astronomical cruise, a Columbus year cruise, etc.
Travel abroad is traditionally organized along the following routes:

- in the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas; - across Europe with visits to the British Isles and Iceland; - in the Scandinavian countries with visits to St. Petersburg; - to the USA, Canada and Alaska, including South America from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean via the Panama Canal; - to the Indian Ocean through Arabia (the Suez Canal); - for the islands of the South Pacific Ocean (Australia and New Zealand); - to the Hawaiian Islands and the Caribbean Sea, etc.

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Sea travel is one of the most convenient and therefore the most expensive types of recreation. The cost of Russian sea voyages is 3-5 times lower than world prices due to the freight rates of ships and the low cost of services. Therefore, competition in the domestic cruise market is practically absent only between Russian travel agencies and foreign companies. High-level foreign cruise destinations do not make special attempts to enter the Russian market.
Most of the country's passenger park is located in Odessa. This determines the directions of sea cruises in the Russian market. Mediterranean voyages with calls to the ports of Turkey (Istanbul), Greece (Pirey), Egypt (Port Said, Alexandria), Israel, Italy, Spain, and other countries are the most common. Famous Russian tourists travel through the Baltic and North Seas, starting from St. Petersburg or Kaliningrad and providing stops in the ports of Northern Europe and Scandinavia. Especially popular among Russians is the traditional European sea voyage around Odessa - Saint Petersburg, which allows you to see almost all the main countries of the Ancient World in one trip.

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The conditions for sea travel are very diverse and range from one week to one month, depending on the route. They can start and end in either one port or another. Sea voyages are also referred to as air and motor ship types, as tour operators deliver customers to the port of departure and return them home by plane.
There are several dozen specialized cruise companies around the world, operating on one or two to 15-20 passenger ships. Most cruise operators are united in the professional international association CLIA. He coordinates the cruise business at the international level.

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By 2007, CLIA unites about 33 travel agencies and more than 20,000 travel agencies selling cruise tours. It is an international organization dedicated to promoting the cruise industry for tourism consumers and travel agencies. SYL assists travel agencies in training specialists, public relations, and advertising. Thanks to the special professional training of travel agents and a skillful advertising campaign, SYL has made sea cruises a classic type of recreation. 95% of all cruise trips are sold through CLIA travel agencies, this tourism product ranks second after air ticket sales.

SYL divides sea routes into four categories based on the cost of one day of accommodation: economical (75-150 USD per day) - Festival ships, TUI-Thomson companies, as well as the former flagship of Shota Rustaveli - now Lssedo); classic (100-200 USD per day) - Carnaval, Norwegian, Costa-Cruise companies); premium cruises (150-400 USD per day) - Princess, Caribbean Kingdom, Dutch America); luxury cruises (up to 1000 USD per day) - Cunard, Silversea Cruises, Radisson Seven Seas, Crystal.

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Sea cruises are recognized as the most diverse and convenient type of travel. A sea voyage is a unique combination of tranquility with various experiences and entertainment. Cruise routes offer more than 5,000 programs. A distinctive feature of all programs is freedom of choice, security, and high quality of service. The highest level of service for cruise lines is the highest level of service.
A very important advantage of a cruise vacation is its "off-season" day. Traditional routes in spring and summer are the magnificent Mediterranean and capitals of Western Europe, Scandinavia and the Norwegian fjords, Alaska. In autumn, in the middle of the "velvet season," Mediterranean-Atlantic cruises are very popular. In late autumn and winter, the liners go to South America, Southeast Asia, Australia, and the coasts of New Zealand, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Riviera. Caribbean cruises, French Polynesia are conducted by cruise lines regularly throughout the year.

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According to the geography of active cruise activities, the Caribbean Sea (Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and Panama Canal), the Mediterranean basin (the oldest cruise zone in the world), cruises around Scandinavia, with calls to deep Norwegian fjords, voyages across Europe, visits to capital cities, Baltic cruises, voyages from North America around the Cape of Good Hope to the Indian Ocean and from there to Southeast Asia and Australia, Oceania and Australia. Major port centers with developed cruise business are Miami (USA), Acapulco (Mexico), Genoa (Italy), Singapore, Dubai (UAE), Vancouver (Canada), Honolulu (Hawaii, USA).

Cruise routes appeared at high latitudes. Thus, Alaska serves up to 400,000 cruise tourists annually. The most exotic are cruises in the Arctic and Antarctica. From Murmansk, the nuclear ships "Russia" and "Yamal" regularly make a tourist route to the North Pole. From Murmansk, the route passes through Franz Josef Land to the North Pole and then stops at the northern and southern ends of the Severnaya Zemlya Islands - returning to Murmansk. At the North Pole, tourists organize daytime parking and various entertainments, including ice skating. Despite the price of $15,000 or more, the cruise is in high demand. Trips to the glaciers of Greenland and Iceland are popular. In Antarctica, tourists from cruise ships visit the shores of Antarctica by helicopter or boat. For such cruises, Russian research vessels ("Academic Ioffe") are used. During cruises, descents are carried out at great depths using special devices. The most famous example of this is the voyage of tourists from the sunken Titanic.

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One of the largest organizers of cruise routes is Carnival Corp. The corporation offers about 20,000 seats on cruise ships in the market. The Royal Carribean Corporation, with 19,000 cruise seats on 550 cruise routes, was slightly behind. Royal Carribean has been in the tourism market for over 25 years. It has a fleet of 9 top-class ocean cruise ships. It has its own island in the Caribbean Sea, intended for the remaining participants of cruise types.
The leading countries of cruise tourism are the USA, Great Britain, Norway, Italy, France. The main consumers of cruises are Americans, whose largest trips are significantly less in the Caribbean (55%) and Mediterranean (10%).

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There are opportunities for the development of cruise tourism in Russia. In the former Soviet Union, Odessa was the country's main cruise port. Routes from Odessa are still very popular among Russians. The main base of the Russian cruise fleet is now Novorossiysk. The Mediterranean is the most developed by cruise routes of Russia and Ukraine with calls to the ports of Turkey (Istanbul), Greece (Pirey), Egypt (Port Said, Alexandria), Israel (Hayfa), Italy, Spain. Cruise voyages along the Baltic and North Seas, starting from St. Petersburg or Kaliningrad and providing stops in the ports of Northern Europe and Scandinavia, are popular among Russian tourists. The traditional sea voyage across Europe (Odessa - Saint Petersburg) is especially popular, allowing you to see almost all the leading countries of the ancient world in one trip. But the high luxury of cruise vacation makes it expensive and therefore unavailable for Russians.

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The technology of creating and implementing animation programs refers to the animator's working methods, the organization of this work, and the use of special technical tools. This is a complex and multifaceted process, as it solves the following tasks: creating animation programs, economically incorrectly calculating the cost of each program, implementing them, and finally, creatively implementing programmed animation events.

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THE TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING AND IMPLEMENTING ANIMATION PROGRAMS AS A SYSTEM CONSISTS OF SEVERAL INTERCONNECTED COMPONENTS:

organization of joint activities of the organizational - animation team, economic, technical, advertising departments;
creation and development of scenarios for educational and methodological events, excursion texts, selection of sports games and competitions, compilation of hiking routes with subsequent development of methodological recommendations based on the generalization of experience;
directing - distribution of roles, drawing up a rehearsal plan, performance, performance;
preparation of technical means (objects, structures, instruments, etc.), platforms (stages) for animation events, props, decorations, lighting, musical accompaniment, etc.

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ALL SUBSYSTEMS FORM A TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM THAT SERVES AS THE BASIS FOR THE OPERATION OF THE ANIMATION SERVICE. THERE ARE SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF ANIMATION ACTIVITY HERE.

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THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF CREATING ANIMATION PROGRAMS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS:

object of activity - serviced tourists, population (groups and individuals);
subject of activity - head, specialist of the animation service;
real animation activity with all its components is the process of the subject's influence on the object.
All elements of the technological process are interconnected and form a single system.

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The main element of this system is the object of activity, people (tourists, guests, vacationers). Everything was created to satisfy their spiritual and physical needs. Therefore, animation specialists need to be aware of these needs, study the moods, interests, and demands of viewers and various population groups. Without knowing people, it is difficult to expect to achieve the desired result and increase the effectiveness of intellectual and emotional impact on the audience.

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THE WORK ON PREPARING AND IMPLEMENTING A SPECIFIC ANIMATION PROGRAM CAN BE DIVIDED INTO SEVERAL STAGES. �� THE FIRST STAGE IS PREPARATION, INCLUDING:

analysis of the proposed animation programs;
definition of goals and objectives;
selection of the place and time of the program; development of an animation program, taking into account the age, ethnic and other characteristics of consumers of this service;
creation or selection of scripts for animation events included in the program;
preparation of an estimate of expenses for the program;

selection of creative groups and distribution of tasks within animation groups;
technical training (selection of material goods, acquisition of inventory, production of decorations, costumes, props, etc.);
installation of sound and lighting devices, other technical means, stage design, production of phonograms, etc.;
conducting exercises, teaching the rules of the game, etc.; conducting an advertising campaign for planned animation events.

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