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The Virtual Resus Room

Facilitator Introduction

Sarah Foohey, MD, CCFP-EM

Emergency Medicine Physician, Trillium Health Partners

Lecturer, DFCM, University of Toronto

@SarahFoohey

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What is the Virtual Resus Room?

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SIM ANATOMY

PREBRIEF

DEBRIEF

RUN CASE

Review the principles of sim, objectives for the session,

and how the VRR works.

Discuss crisis resource management skills and medical content.

Think about what went well and what might have gone better.

Divide into roles and manage your patient as a team.

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THE CARDINAL PRINCIPLES OF SIM

Willing suspension of disbelief will improve your learning.

Vegas Rules:

What happens in Sim,

Stays in Sim.

Mistakes are opportunities for learning.

The Basic Assumption:

We believe that everyone is intelligent, capable, cares about doing their best, and wants to improve.

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TYPICAL SIM TEAM ROLES

TEAM LEAD

  • Examine the patient.
  • Make management decisions
  • Communicate orders to your teammates
  • Maintain situational awareness
  • Summarize the case regularly

CHARTER

  • Take notes about:
    • History, physical exam findings
    • Orders
    • Medications: dose, route, time given
  • Keep track of time (especially if arrest)

AIRWAY

  • Ask questions to assess the airway
  • Monitor the oxygen saturation closely
  • Apply oxygen if needed: choose the appropriate device and flow rate.
  • Do airway maneuvers, use airway adjuncts, and prepare for intubation.

MEDS & MONITORS

  • Apply monitors to patient
  • Watch the monitor for change in vital signs
  • Prepare and administer medications

Depending on how many team members you have and your level of training, you may divide these tasks differently.

You might also need someone to call specialists, perform a procedure, or do a bedside ultrasound.

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Pre-brief

  1. Big Group Pre-brief
    • Principles of Sim
    • How to use the VRR
    • What to do if something goes wrong
  2. Small Group Pre-brief (In breakout rooms)
    • Any questions?
    • Re-iterate key facts: how to set up screen, intro steps
    • Share link

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Running the Case

What facilitators should say out loud

    • Provide case prompt
    • Answer their questions about physical exam findings
    • Provide case progression prompts
      • Ex: “the patient has stopped moving”
    • Direct learners to appropriate slides
      • Ex: “go to slide 5 during intubation”

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Running the Case

Using the VRR: What to do in the “room”

  1. Type vital signs into monitor textboxes
  2. Delete black block covering rhythm strip (to L of HR) to show strip
  3. Delete grey boxes to reveal multimedia, Px, etc as case progresses

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Slide 1

Delete the black box to reveal the rhythm strip underneath after tele leads have been placed

Type vital signs into the corresponding textboxes after monitors have been placed

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Slide 4+

When prompted: delete grey box to reveal what is underneath (investigation, multimedia, procedure, etc)

As a reminder: what is hidden under grey box is listed in bottom right hand corner

Tip: Make sure grey box is highlighted in blue before you delete (you don’t want to delete entire slide).

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Running the Case: Tips

You should be speaking very little.

Allow them to fill their own silences.

There is no “I would”, “I could”, “I would give appropriate dose” in Sim.

If they say this: prompt them to actually DO task, look up dose etc.

If they get completely off track (psychological safety compromised):

Do “time out”. Reframe, regroup, then restart.

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Debrief Priorities

  1. Psychological safety of learners
  2. Learn about CRM
  3. Learn about Medical Content

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Debrief: PEARLS Framework

Reactions Phase

  • Raw feelings, Response

Description

  • What was case about?
  • Can ask team lead for 1 line summary

Analysis

  • Guided reflection for learners
  • Different methods: Plus-Delta, Advocacy-Inquiry, etc.
  • Discuss: CRM, Medical Content

Summary: Takeaway

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Reactions Phase

  • Give learners a few minutes to complete debrief slide (next)
  • Useful for Jr learners to reflect before being biased by others’ thoughts

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Reactions Phase

  • Can do a round of “feelings” sharing
  • Label emotion felt by each team member during case
  • Emphasize this is NOT asking for description of how case went
  • Give example: “I felt reassured”, “I felt anxious”, “I felt overwhelmed”
  • Especially recommend if you sensed heated emotions during case

“Before we start talking about medical content, it can be helpful to discuss the emotions a Sim evoked. Sim can elicit strong feelings like being overwhelmed, anxious, imposter-y, stressed, calm, reassured, confident. Identifying these emotions can help us identify what lead us to feel that way, and then come up with ideas for future improvement”

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Analysis Phase: Plus Delta Method

  • Open-ended questions to learners
  • Good tool for new facilitators

Questions:

  • +: What went well?
  • Δ: What could be improved in the future?

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Analysis Phase: Analysis Inquiry Method

From: Debriefing with Good Judgement, Rudolph et al.

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Analysis Phase: Analysis Inquiry Method

From: Debriefing with Good Judgement, Rudolph et al.

  • You are a “cognitive detective” trying to uncover these frames
  • Then can guide discussion to correct or reinforce the frame

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Analysis Phase: Advocacy-Inquiry Method

From: Debriefing with Good Judgement, Rudolph et al.

  • You will use curiosity + advocacy + inquiry to uncover learners’ frames
  • Advocacy: first person, facilitator's perspective
    • “I observed that…”
    • “I saw that..”
    • “I’m concerned because…”
  • Inquiry: short, open-ended questions
    • “I’m curious how you see it?”
    • “Can you think of any other options?”
  • Example of combination:
    • “I was thinking that it would have helped for either you or someone in the group to explicitly state that you were the leader. I am wondering why that didn’t happen?”

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Analysis Phase: Discussing CRM

  • “Crisis Resource Management (CRM) refers to the non-technical skills required for effective teamwork in a crisis situation” - LITFL
  • Common CRM topics for junior learners:
    • Communication challenges, closed loop communication
    • Importance of role delegation (avoid the “let’s” statements)
    • Shared mental model
    • Lead: how to express uncertainty, importance of summary statements.

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Analysis Phase: Discussing CRM

  • Better learning happens if learners ID their own CRM observations
  • Your job is to guide them & create space for them to do so

CRM Prompts:How did your team communicate?

What made this communication challenging?

Regarding how the team worked together - what went well? What could have been better?

CRM Observations:

“I noticed Judy recommended that you try antiarrhythmics before cardioversion, which was a very reasonable suggestion. What are ways you can leave space/make time for your team members to make suggestions like this during a busy case?”

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Analysis Phase: Discussing Medical Content

  • Should be learner directed and not didactic
  • Let the learner’s guide you:
    • To Leader - what is a one line summary about this case?
    • To Group - Does anyone have anything they would add to summary?
    • What was challenging about this case?
    • What might you do differently next time?
    • What were the steps you took when ____
    • I noticed that when ___ happened you ____. What was your differential and mental model at that moment?
    • I noticed that your team gave __ medication. What lead you make this choice?

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Debrief: Common Pitfalls

Try to avoid these things:

  • Talking too much. You should take of time max!
    • More they lead discussion = more they learn.
  • Filling silences.
    • Let them fill the gaps. This gives learners the chance to speak up.
  • Being didactic.
    • It doesn’t matter if they cover all content
    • Do NOT follow the slides sequentially - these are just guides!
    • If you are confident with medical content - try interactive whiteboard?
  • Asking 2 part or vague questions.
    • If you have something you want to say or convey - just say it!

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Debrief: Wrapping Up

  • Final 5 minutes
  • Any final Qs?
  • Generate their takeaways - ask each learner to list:
    • One medical learning point
    • One CRM learning point
    • One topic to study
  • Survey will be sent for feedback

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Debrief: Want to learn more?

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If you are junior facilitator:

“This is a learning opportunity for me too: to practice running a sim and being a facilitator. So I’m happy to get your feedback about the debrief and overall experience at the end so we can learn together.”

If you are running a case for your peers or are new to Sim, consider including a statement like this in your pre-brief:

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Next Steps: Facilitator To-Do List

  • Review Case Progression Chart - know how case will unfold
  • Practice using the VRR google slide “room”.
  • Review Facilitator Debrief Slides. Plan debrief strategy.
  • Discuss role division between facilitators

Prep Time Required: 1-2 hours

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What you need in front of you during session:

  • Zoom Link
  • Google Slide Link to your “Room” (one per group)
  • Google Slide Debrief Slides (one for everyone)
  • Case Progression Outline Chart - recommend printing so easier to see
  • Your co-facilitators phone # so you can text/whatsapp as needed