TRANFORMING
THE FUTURE OF
SPACE MANUFACTURING
SYNERGY OF C-STARS PARTNERS IN SPACE MANUFACTURING
Center for
Science, Technology, and
Advanced Research in Space
C-STARS
Synergy
Biomolecules & Tissue Tools
Synthetic and Quantum Biology (UF, FIT, ERAU)
Organoids (FIT)
Nanotechnology (UF, ERAU, FAMU, FIT)
Wireless communications (ERAU)
Artificial Intelligence
& Machine Learning
Recycling & Sustainability
Advanced Materials/Electronics
Diagnostic/3D Printing (FAMU, ERAU)
Therapeutic Efficacy/Toxicity (UF, FIT, ERAU)
CubeSat Systems (UF, ERAU, FAMU, FIT)
Biomaterial Waste Conversion (FAMU, FIT)
Electronics Reuse (ERAU)
Antennas for harsh environments (ERAU)
Real-time Biomonitoring (UF, FIT, ERAU)
Tissue Morphological Analytics (UF, FIT, ERAU)
Autonomous Bioprinting (FIT, ERAU)
Making Products in/for Space -
Helping People on Earth
1
3
2
4
Bioplastics Production (UF)
Personalized/Predictive Medicine (FIT, ERAU)
Space Omics (ERAU, FIT)
Tissue Engineering (UF, FIT)
Rapid Prototyping (FIT, ERAU, FAMU)
Inexpensive Metal & Ceramic Printing (FIT)
Composites & Porous Materials (FIT, ERAU, FAMU)
Custom PCB Manufacturing (FIT, ERAU)
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS
After having students do a
questions and issues sheet on
what turned out to be a failed
research proposal for a Center for Testing Materials
Under Extreme Conditions,
students must
Photos are of Mike Gordon (M.S. MAE, 2001) and his former advisor, Dave Fleming
(former AE program chair)
Mike Gordon was in charge of Boeing’s contract for the silica
space shuttle tiles prior to impact by an ice-filled porous polymer foam and later worked for Piper Aircraft.
Both space shuttle disasters were preventable.
KEEN’s 3 C’s: Curiosity, Connections, and Creating Value
QUESTIONS & ISSUES SHEET
Brainstorming with a little bit of organization
Best if questions can be answered yes or no or with a #
B) Category Coverage (> 2 questions/category)
Economic, technical/engineering, safety, health, environmental,
social impact, quality, regulatory, and legal
C) Depth of Insight & Creativity/Thoroughness
D) Identification of Key Issues / Showstoppers
Consider the main product for your company.
Think/Write Pair Share for 8 minutes after my next slide
Questions/Issues Regardless of Project
Technical/Engg., Environmental, Safety, & Health are project-specific
Legal Quality
Regulatory Economics Social Impact
Warranty Reproducibility
Disclaimers Assessment Methods
Intellectual Property Quality Assurance Standards
Exposure to Lawsuits Translating Customer Wants into Product Characteristics
EPA Market Size vs. Price Not in my backyard
OSHA Competition – Present & Future Local jobs
FDA? Return on Investment
Local/State/Regional Sensitivity Analysis
Market Identification
Examining Market/Product Fit
What Should a “Maker Engineer” Be Able to Do?
Entrepreneurially-Minded Learning Course CAD Drawing
Data Acquisition & Control / Test Stands Process Flowsheeting
Freshman, Senior, (& more?) Design Experiences Machine Shop Skills
Signals & Systems or Mechatronics Computer Programming
Advanced Visualization Course MakerSpace Skills
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Expectations for a Postdisciplinary Engineer
All “Maker” Skills on prior slide Thermodynamics
Conservation of Mass, Energy & Momentum Reactor Design
Ability to Manage People and Projects Ability to Market a Product
Fluid Mechanics, Heat & Mass Transfer Process Control
Excel, Plotting, Curve Fitting, & Statistics Can Give a PowerPoint Talk
Sufficient Materials Background to Know What Tools to Use to Assess Success
Knowledge of Physics, Chemistry, Materials Science & Biology
Ability to See How the Field Will Change Before It Does
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The Basics of Making
Questions and Issues Sheets: A Quick Way to Define Projects
Computer Programming for Makers: LabView, Python, C++, and Arduino
Wiring, Soldering, and Wiring Diagrams - How to Teach Them to non-ECE's
Electrical Circuits and Arduino
Arduino-Based Sensors: Temperature, Load Cell, pH, and Electrical Conductivity
Using a Journal and Patent Literature Search to Demonstrate
Curiosity and Connections via Information Integration
CAD Drawing
Stepper, Servo, and DC Motor Control
Editing of CAD Drawings Prior to 3D Printing
3D Printing
Laser Cutting
Combining All Prior Maker Skills into the Bucknell Speaker Box
Process Flowsheeting, Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID's), and Plumbing
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB's)
Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, & Advanced Visualization
Electrochemical Concentration Measurement Using a Multiplexed Potentiostat
Celebration of the 3C’s: A Showcase for Makers
EM Resources for Makers
ChE & BME advisory board & alumni have been asking for more computer programming & data acquisition – Julia Worrell & Athela Frandsen: ChE’s have no required build/test, CAD, or circuits experience!
Dan Kirk: “Imagine what our senior design projects would look like if our students knew this as freshmen.” Brenner: Ought to be elective for grad students if we want to increase quality of research projects
Brenner: I spent average of 3-4 hours per week teaching basic engineering skills to research students INSTEAD of teaching skills that will take my research to prominence
Celebration of the 3C’s: A Showcase for Makers
A) Spending at least two hours per week in a supervised making environment OUTSIDE of class time
B) Exhibit curiosity according to the number and complexity of sensors, controls, CAD drawings, objects made, materials and tools used, and computer programming done in the end-of-semester project (degree of difficulty factor).��C) Exhibit curiosity as measured by the thoroughness of a Web of Science search, a patent search, web site searches of articles, specification sheets, and price quotes from vendors and/or competitors as part of the end-of- semester project. ��D) Integrating information (Students will compile a Web of Science search, a patent search, and web site searches of articles, specification sheets, and price quotes from vendors and/or competitors as part of the end-of-semester project. Triple value is awarded to each item that is associated with an e-mail or phone call and the name of the person contacted. Then student groups will prepare a table summarizing a preliminary score and justification for this section.
E) Assign value to others’ products at the showcase as follows: (Each student/faculty/staff evaluator will be granted $2000 in Monopoly money that they can spend on others’ products (proceeds going to a container with a yellow Post-It note) to simulate customer interest, invest in others’ products (proceeds going to a container with a pink Post-It notes) to simulate crowdsourcing, or not spend the money at all on the night of the showcase. After the showcase, students’ Monopoly dollars will be divided by 100 and be redeemable for Arduino-based sensors, controls, and other items from excess inventory.)
Making You a Better Maker: A KEEN-Focused Maker E-Textbook
Chap. 10 – The Basics of Making Labs (LabView-Based Computer Programming, Wiring,
Soldering, Arduino (Blink, Temperature, Load Cell, pH, Salinity), Motors
(Stepper, Servo, and DC), Robot Control, 3D Printing, Laser Cutting, Editing G Code and Avoiding/Correcting Misprints, LabSmith Microfluidic Flow,
Electrochemical Concentration Monitoring, Bucknell Speaker Box Building
Chap. 11 - Basics of Making Course: Online Learning, Homeworks, and Quizzes
(Kit Item Identification, Q&I Sheets, OnShape CAD Drawing, LabView and Python
Programming, TinkerCAD & KiCAD Wiring Diagrams)
Chap. 12 - Project Work: Literature Reviews & Business Case, End-of-Semester Showcase, & Final Report
Chap. 13 - Project Engineering - Work Breakdown Structure; Preparing Projects for Venture Capitalists
Chap. 14 - Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams; Sensors & Controls, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
Equipment; Optics and Spectroscopy; Maker Equipment Purchasing & Training
Chap. 15 - How This Course Can Help You Improve Yourself, Your Students, and Your University
Chap. 16 - How Florida Tech’s Nanotech Minor Evolved Into This Book
Chap. 17 - How to Build Nanotechnology, Microfluidics, and Tissue Engineering Equipment:
Refurbish or Build from Scratch?
Chap. 18 - Concluding Thoughts
Canvas Course: https://fit.instructure.com/courses/629658
Maker E-Textbook: https://fit.instructure.com/files/48078947/download?download_frd=1
11/13/2023
Jim Brenner, Making You a Better Maker: A KEEN-Focused Maker E-Textbook
Systems Engineering Approach to Solution
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Define the problem, its value proposition, requirements, and customer/stakeholder interests
Break the problem down into subsystem tasks and ultimately to the component level
Define the interfaces
Build the solution plan
Get components working, followed by subsystems
Subsystem/
Component
Inputs
Subsystem/
Component
Outputs
Subsystem/
Component
Function
Input/Output Types
Computer Code
CAD Drawing
Electrical/Wiring Diagram
Printed Circuit Boards
Sensors
Controls
Plumbing/Valves
Manufacturing Methods (Machine Shop,
3D Printer, Laser Cutter, Molds)
Motors (Servo/Stepper/Piezoelectric)
Position & Velocity in Three Dimensions
Vendors / Supply Chain Management
Customer Input
Artificial Intelligence
Systems Engg. Approach to Project Execution
File Storage: Canvas site Google Drive site
PowerPoint file with just titles for project subtasks
Interface Spreadsheet acts as a caller for all components & subsystems
for plumbing, CAD, wiring, PCB, & sensors/controls
Final Report Template with hyperlinked table of contents
Expand this into Google Drive to create folders for all parts of final report
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System for Conducting Lab/Organ-on-a-Chip & How We Get There
1/14/2025
Refrigerated Reagents, Solvents, & Biologics
Frozen Reagents, Solvents, & Biologics
Biologics, Reagents & Solvents at 77 K
Array of Bioreactors
Array of Analytical
Biochemistry &
Biotechnological Tools
Open Colorimeter w/
Array of UV/VIS/IR LED’s
for Colorimetric Testing
Cytokine Testing
Omics Testing
(Genomics, Proteomics, & Metabolomics)
Surface Enhanced Raman Based μRNA Sensor
Neuro-Immune Sensor
Electrochemical Sensor
Aseptic Fluid Handling
Analytical Bio/Chemistry
Chip Fabrication Skills
CAD Drawing
Computer Coding
3D Printing
Laser Cutting
Wiring/Soldering
Printed Circuit Boards
Bioprinting
3D Printing
Metal/Polymer Composites
3D Printing
Ceramic/Polymer Composites
Levitated 3D Printing
Integration
Lab-on-a-Chip
Tissue-on-a-Chip
Organ-on-a-Chip
Human-on-a-Chip
Optimizing Cell Culture Conditions
Live Imaging of Cells -> Tissues
Animal-Free Toxicology
Cancer Diagnosis
Space Bio Problems
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP)
Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Impaired Blood Coagulation
Hypercholesterolemia Induced Muscle Atrophy
Guardians
of the Gut
Value Creation
Analytical Bio/Chemistry Test Kits
Desiccated Bacteria for the Recovery of Yielded Biomolecules and Active Compounds (DRYBAC)
C-STARS Curriculum
Genetic Engineering | | | | | | | | ||
Lab-on-a-Chip, Tissue-on-a-Chip, Organ-on-a-Chip, & Custom Sensors | |||||||||
| Metal/Polymer & Ceramic/Polymer 3D Printing, 3D Printing under Reduced Gravity | | | ||||||
Quorum Sensing | Bioprinting |
| | Antenna Arrays | | | |||
Omics (Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, & Transcriptomics) | | | | | Quantum Computing | | |||
Immunology | | | | | Microelectronics | | Business Devel. 2 | ||
Pharmacology | Laser Optics & Photonics | | Entrepreneurship | ||||||
Cell Culturing Basics | Design for Additive Manufacturing | UML & SysML |
| ||||||
Biotechnology | Composites Manufacturing | Engineering Management | |||||||
Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering |
| Systems Engg. Principles | |||||||
Space-Specific Biology | CAD Modeling | | Business Devel. 1 | ||||||
Logistics Planning for Space Travel & Colonization Seminar Series | |||||||||
Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning (ML) | |||||||||
The Basics of Making | |||||||||
Nanotechnology | |||||||||
Bio/Chem/Pharma | Biomedical Engg. | Chemical Engg. | Mater. Sci./Engg. | Mechanical Engg. | Aerospace Engg. | Sys. Engg. & Engg. Mgmt. | Elec./Comp. Engg. | Comp. Sci./Math | Entrepreneurship |
Entrepreneurial Engineer M.S./Ph.D. Expectations
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Revamped Essentials of Business Development (BUS 5601) course
Pick at least 2 of following: Essentials of Business Development 2 (BUS 5602), Management
Principles (BUS 3501), Marketing Principles (BUS 3601), Business Plan Research
(BUS 4788), Technological Entrepreneurship (BUS 5025), Entrepreneurial Finance
(BUS 5447), & Technology Commercialization Experience 1 & 2 (BUS 5116/5117)
Systems Engineering Principles SYS 4310/5310
Project Engineering ENM 4100/5100
If The Basics of Making CHE 4568/5568 or BME 4050/5790 was taken as an undergrad,
then students should take Systems Engg. Design Project (SYS 5380) and/or the new
Open Source Hardware Development course
At least one course within one's research emphasis
Preferably the new Artificial Intelligence course
Other Classes: Five within one's undergrad major, the nanotechnology courses, more of
the classes listed above and/or courses in those majors, particularly
Systems Requirements Analysis (SYS 4460/5460)
Project Goals
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Intellectual Merit
A) Most R&D projects now require significant multidisciplinary teamwork and equipment development companies are often small enough that a jack-of-all-trades and master of several
is required, but university experiences largely don't reflect that.
B) Students now treat analytical equipment as a "black box" without knowing how to build/repair
it. This lack of detailed knowledge limited employers' willingness to hire my nanotech minor
students before the maker course.
C) Open source vs. proprietary hardware: Is the rate of technology changing so fast now that the
business model must change with it?
Broader Impact
By dramatically lowering the cost of lab equipment (typically 10x):
A) More students will get the opportunity to learn more pieces of equipment.
B) More Ph.D. students will be able to build/fix their equipment, improving graduating rates.
C) The number of people capable of invention will be quite a bit higher.
D) The rate of technology development will accelerate.
E) The burden of R&D to the taxpayers will be reduced.
F) The combo of the outreach program and book tour can serve to push a lot of maker
content to MUCH earlier in a student's education!
Additional Slides
Evaluation Process
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Assess Yourself
KEEN CardDeck: EM and Assessment:
Converting Assessment into a Personal Development Plan
Thebasicsofmakingselfevaluationv3.xls (rightmost five spreadsheets are printed for participants).
If you are done or did all five worksheets prior to today, form the answers from the prior slide
into a slide that we will develop as a research clearinghouse for students and faculty.
ABET/KEEN Course Assessment Template (Look at it after today.)
- Faculty mentoring activity has evolved into an activity to help both students & faculty improve
the advising process --> Now to be used as internal assessment for evaluating success of Open
Source Hardware (OSH) program!
John Estell, "“EMbedding” the KEEN Framework_ An Assessment Plan for Measuring ABET Student Outcomes and Entrepreneurial Mindset", 127th ASEE Annual Conference, Paper #28485, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 21-24, 2020. See attached “EMbedding” the KEEN Framework_ An Assessment Plan for Measuring ABET Student Outcomes and Entrepreneurial Mindset.pdf and KSOs.pdf. See also https://engineeringunleashed.com/card/618.
M.S. and Ph.D. Graduate Student Expectations
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25038.
Self-developed survey based on National Academy of Sciences guidelines with some customization for this proposal
Business/Financial Awareness Assessment
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Entrepreneurship-building activities largely modeled
based on University of New Haven's
modules on
KEEN Student Outcomes
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John Estell, "“EMbedding” the KEEN Framework_ An Assessment Plan for Measuring ABET Student Outcomes and Entrepreneurial Mindset", 127th ASEE Annual Conference, Paper #28485, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 21-24, 2020. See attached “EMbedding” the KEEN Framework_ An Assessment Plan for Measuring ABET Student Outcomes and Entrepreneurial Mindset.pdf and KSOs.pdf. See also https://engineeringunleashed.com/card/618.
Mindset Assessment for Basics of Making Course
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Skill Set Assessment for Basics of Making Course
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Outreach Program
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1) Free Maker E-Textbook virtual + in-person book tour by Brenner for C-STARS partners
2) Host 2025 GOSH/KEEN Open Source Hardware (OSH) conference to 100 in person
+ 200 virtual attendees
3) Activity at Society of Women Engineers (SWE) Space Coast Section's Introducing Girls
to Engineering (3rd-6th) and WOW! That's Engineering! (7th-10th) activities in each of
three years - I have put on about 15 workshops in past 20 years
4) Research Rules! workshop each September - I have participated in
5 of their events, but this time, I am going to work with students
& teachers to incorporate the making activities into local schools
5) Alumnus of our group (Amy Vecheck) is now in charge of Pineapple
Cove Academy science program + will get $ 5 K summer salary to
work with Code Ninjas (of Viera) owner Laurie Whittaker to translate
making activities to pre-college students
Transforming Mindset from "I Can't Because ..."
For many years, I was frustrated when research students would come to me asking
for help on tasks that most engineers would consider prerequisite topics. I would teach
them that missing skill only to have them return in a couple of weeks saying, "But I don't know how to do ..."
Many people self-impose limits on what they can
accomplish because they lack one or more skills. We
don't just have to inspire students to understand the
3C's, but we need to come up with a condensation of
all the prerequisite skills for engineering & research.
Students benefit from increased skills
Professors benefit from having more productive students
Administrators benefit because overall research productivity increases
Break through your self-imposed limits!
VALUE
PROPOSITION
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EXISTING BASICS OF MAKING COURSE MODULES
For students at other universities or in
the Gathering of Open Source Hardware (GOSH) forum who wish
to either complete the entire Basics of Making course or learn a few missing
skills remotely, the Canvas course is
already available for online learning.
By the time that students complete the Basics of Making course, they should have all of the maker skills, much of the graduate research background, and some of the business background necessary to pursue research.
Calculus 1
Calculus 2
Calculus 3
Differential Eqns./Linear Algebra
Advanced Computational Methods
Heat Transfer
Process Control
ChE/BME/MAE/ECE/CS Design 2
Physics 1 + Lab
Physics 2 + Lab
Physical Chemistry or Biomehanics 2
Thermo dynamics
ChE/BME/MAE/ ECE/CS Design 1 or ChE Design 1
Biology 1 + Lab
Computer Science
Statics or Rigid Body Biomechanics
Circuits
Organic Chem 2 or Anatomy & Physiology 2
BME/ECE Signals & Systems
Separations or Tissue Engineering
Gen Chem 1 + Lab
Gen Chem 2 + Lab
Organic Chemistry 1
Materials Sci./Engg. + Lab
BME Instrumentation Lab or
O Chem Lab 1
ChE/BME Senior Lab
Advanced Visualization Elective
Honors EML
Open Source Hardware
Nanotech Lab 1
Materials Characterization Lab
Nano-technology
Basics of Making
Process & Product Design 1
Process & Product Design 2
ChE Mass & Energy Balances 1
Mass & Energy Balances 2 or Anatomy & Physiology 1
Fluid Mechanics
Mass Transfer
Reactor Design
Proj. Mgmt., Systems Engg., OR Marketing OR Management OR Economics OR Social Science Elective
Composition & Rhetoric
Writing About Literature
Sci./Tech Communication
Humanities Core Course 2
EML + Sci./ Engg. Focused HUM elective
Humanities Core Course 1
Postdisciplinary Engineer Undergrad Curriculum
An entrepreneurial minded learning (EML) focused course should replace UG First Year Experience.
Along with the bottom two green process & product design courses (instead of the one Intro to Engg. course) to get students familiarized with all making skills, the four upperclass purple courses can be offered on a two-year elective rotation. The purple technical elective column is where a EM- and research-focused discipline-specific minor should fit, with the courses changing to reflect the research emphasis of a such a minor. The research experiences should be geared toward junior and senior summer, with the opportunity for students at all KEEN university partners to take a common discipline-specific course with other common research skills similar to how NSF REUs do. This curriculum was written for ChE's and BME's but is easily adapted, BUT
KEEN only funds undergrad education!
Legos
3D Printing Others' Files
3D Printing Own CAD Files
ChE/BME/MAE/ECE/CS Senior Design 2
Laser Cutting Hand Drawings
3D Printing & Laser Cutting Vector/Raster Drawings
ChE/BME/MAE/ ECE/CS Junior Design and Senior Design 1
HS Computer Science
Matlab & Simulink
Arduino Data Acquisition & Control
Robotics
Manual Hand Tools
High School Shop
CNC Machining
Systems Engineering
Machine Learning & AI
PlayDoh
"Real" CAD
ANSYS Statics
ANSYS Dynamics
TinkerCAD
Inkscape, Meshmixer, Cura
3D Scanning
Matterport/
Advanced Visualization Elective
PowerPoint
Adobe Illustrator
Adobe Premiere
STEAM Virtual Reality
AI Enhanced, Embedded Systems for VR/AR
Open Source Hardware Development
Making &
Manufacturing Curriculum
To design and manufacture the devices of the future, engineers need to have a range of vector CAD, raster drawing, animation (including virtual reality), traditional machining, wiring/soldering, computer programming, data acquisition and control, robotics, systems engineering,
Arduino, and machine learning / AI background.
Who has the complete set of these skills to be able to "do it all"?!
Hand Drawn Sketches
Adobe Photoshop
Live Face
Laser Cutting Others' Files
Finite Element Modeling
Design for Additive Manufacturing
G Code
Band Saw, Lathe, & Drill
Arduino
Lego Robotics
Lego Mindstorms
Embedded Systems
Wiring & Soldering
Python, C++
Breadboard/Circuits
Finger Painting
Almost nobody yet, but the members of the Gathering of Open Source Hardware forum come closest.
This proposal aims to formalize, and thereby economize, what has only been self-taught before.
C-STARS Projects
25
Microgravity-Induced | Omics & Analytical Bio/Chemistry | Neuro-Immune Sensor | Tissue-on-a-Chip Biofabrication | Tissue Chip Biomaterials | Tissue Engineering Test Bed (TETB) incl. AI/ML Optimization | Live Cell Imaging of Cells -> Tissues | |||
Clinical Hematopoesis of Indeterminant Potential (CHIP) | Vascular Dysfunction | Hypercholesterolemia | Guardians of the Gut | ||||||
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Bio & Materials 3D Printing Under Reduced Gravity | AI/ML for Bioprinting Optimization | Microbial Cell Factories | Biomass Waste Recycling | Mining, Refining, & 3D Printing a Lunar/Martian Colony | Deployable Antennae for Microgravity | Electronic Packaging Tech & Antenna Arrays | CubeSats | | |
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Mining, Refining, & 3D Printing a Lunar Colony
09/02/2024
Literature Review Subtopics
O2, H2O, minerals, energy
a) Process flowsheets
b) Constraints
c) Particle size sorting
d) Regolith concentration options
e) Conversion into printed structures
f) Sintering
g) Joining tiles
Artist’s concept drawing from Curreri, P.A., Ethridge, E.C., Hudson, S.L., Miller, T.Y., Grugel, R.N., Sen, S., & Sadoway, D.R. (2006). Process
Demonstration For Lunar In Situ Resource Utilization-Molten Oxide Electrolysis (MSFC Independent Research and Development Project No. 5-81).