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Teaching Students �How To Use AI And Become� Expert Researchers

While Avoiding Fake News

Disinformation & Misinformation

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I like to start off this presentation by telling students that the goal of this lesson is to equip them with the tools to navigate their day to day lives, because the emergence of AI has flipped everything on its head, from disrupting major industries like coding and developing, to changing the way major corporations do business, to the way people get information. By learning how to utilize AI in the classroom, students will be able to maximize the potential of AI in their own lives. It’s important to realize YOUR STUDENTS WILL USE AI WITH OR WITHOUT THIS LESSON, so the best we can do as educators is help them use it properly. The second part of this presentation will help them become expert researchers and avoid fake news, disinformation, and misinformation. There are many ways to do a search, and while sometimes you can find what you’re looking for without following these guidelines, by following them you will ensure that you’re saving time and finding exactly what you’re looking for!

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Hi, I am Dan Spada,

Instructional Technology Specialist

Thank you for your purchase, I truly appreciate it. Please visit https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Daniel-Spada for more great lesson plans!�

The video that accompanies this presentation can be viewed at:�https://youtu.be/WXq8eNlwyMs

Please consider subscribing to my new YouTube Channel entitled The EdTech Show (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzNyjo2gPtqdNBc6BI3SNIA), follow me on Twitter @danspada for more EdTech videos and tutorials.

Thank You

I appreciate your support and patronage

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What Is AI

AI is a field of computer science that focuses on creating machines and computer programs that can perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. These tasks can include things like understanding language, recognizing patterns, making decisions, and learning from experience.

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This is an opening to help students understand what AI actually is. A good way to start this conversation is to ask them to think about how AI is used in their everyday lives. Some examples:��Smartphones: AI is integrated into smartphones through voice assistants like Siri (Apple), Google Assistant (Android), and Bixby (Samsung), which use natural language processing and machine learning to understand and respond to user commands. AI also powers features like facial recognition, camera enhancements, and predictive text.

Streaming Services: Platforms like Netflix and Spotify use AI algorithms to recommend content based on users' preferences, viewing/listening history, and behavior patterns, improving the personalized content discovery experience.

Social Media: Social media platforms employ AI for content curation, moderation, and personalized feeds. Algorithms analyze user interactions to tailor content and advertisements to individual preferences.

Smart Speakers: Devices like Amazon Echo and Google Home utilize AI-powered voice recognition to understand and respond to user commands, control smart home devices, and provide information.

Ride-Sharing Apps: Services like Uber and Lyft use AI to optimize routes, estimate arrival times, and set pricing based on demand and traffic patterns.

Virtual Assistants: AI-driven virtual assistants like Amazon's Alexa and Google Assistant perform tasks such as setting reminders, sending messages, making calls, and providing weather updates through voice commands.

Navigation Apps: Apps like Google Maps and Waze use AI to analyze real-time traffic data, calculate optimal routes, and suggest alternate paths to avoid congestion.

Email Services: AI-powered email clients like Gmail incorporate features such as automatic categorization, spam filtering, and smart replies based on email content and user behavior.

Fitness Wearables: Devices like Fitbit and Apple Watch use AI to track and analyze user activity, heart rate, sleep patterns, and offer personalized health insights.

Online Shopping: E-commerce platforms like Amazon and eBay leverage AI to provide personalized product recommendations, optimize search results, and predict consumer buying behavior.

Language Translation Apps: AI-powered translation apps like Google Translate enable users to translate text, speech, and images between languages, facilitating communication across cultures.

Smart Appliances: AI is integrated into appliances like smart refrigerators, thermostats, and washing machines to optimize energy usage, automate tasks, and provide remote control through mobile apps.

Healthcare Devices: AI is used in devices like medical imaging equipment (MRI, CT scans) to assist with diagnostics and analysis, enhancing the accuracy of results.

Security Systems: AI-powered security cameras and systems can analyze video feeds to detect suspicious activities, recognize faces, and provide alerts.

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How Does It Actually Work

At its core, AI involves training computers to learn from data. Just like how you learn from your experiences and get better at certain things over time, AI systems learn from large amounts of data.

�One common technique in AI is called "machine learning." This involves feeding a computer system lots of data and allowing it to find patterns on its own. They computer then uses algorithms, which are sets of instructions, to process and analyze the data. �

As it processes more data, the system becomes better at making accurate predictions or decisions.

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Example of How Generative AI Works

Generative AI studies lots of examples to understand patterns, like looking at many cat pictures to learn what features make a cat. It breaks down these examples into rules it can follow.

Creating New Things: Once it learns the rules, �generative AI combines them in different ways to� create new stuff. It might mix cat patterns to �make new cat images that it hasn't seen before.

Feedback and Improvement: When people tell �generative AI what they like or don't like about �its creations, it adjusts its rules. This helps it get �better over time, making its creations more �accurate and appealing.

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Example of How Generative AI Works

Sometimes it takes a long time for it to learn the rules though

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Art & Images

Generative AI can create stunning and unique artworks, paintings, and images. It can mimic different art styles, generate abstract designs, and even create images of imaginary creatures.

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Music & Sound

Generative AI can compose music, melodies, and even entire songs. It can generate different genres of music, create background soundscapes, and come up with new musical ideas.

PRESS TO PLAY

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Video & Animation

Generative AI can produce short videos, animations, and special effects. It can generate realistic animations of characters, objects, and environments.

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Text and Writing

Generative AI can write stories, poems, articles, and more. It can simulate the writing style of different authors, generate creative prompts, and even help with content creation.

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Design & Fashion

Generative AI can design logos, clothing, interior decor, and other visual elements. It can create new fashion styles, generate patterns, and assist designers with creative ideas.

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Healthcare & Medicine

Generative AI can assist in drug discovery, medical image analysis, and disease diagnosis by generating predictive models and analyzing data.

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Games and�Virtual Worlds

Generative AI can help create levels, characters, and environments for video games. It can also simulate realistic virtual worlds for training, entertainment, or experimentation.

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Everyone Knows The Big 3

ChatGPT Google Bard Bing Chat

Image Creation

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But these aren’t always the best options

Let’s compare asking a simple question like “what is photosynthesis” to ChatGPT and then to CK-12’s Flexi.

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Compared to ck12.org/flexi

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This is an example of the same question asked in Flexi (ck12.org/flexi). You’ll notice the same question has a much more concise answer, and students can click to have it explained in an analogy that is relatable (they can choose between sports, music, video games, fashion, and more…if they create an account, Flexi will know what kind of analogy to give them in the future). They can also have it translated into over 100 languages, Flexi can rephrase with more or fewer details, and students can even click challenge me to get questions to make sure they understand the concepts.

The point here is just because the Big 3 can answer questions, doesn’t mean that’s where students should turn. We as educators, should continue to push students to these types of AI where students still have the ability to learn, rather than copy and pasting.

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So How Do YOU Use AI?

AI as a Study Aid: AI tools can help you study smarter. AI can summarize texts, generate flashcards, and even provide explanations for difficult concepts.�AI CANNOT: Be used to simply look-up answers to copy and paste on homework or tests

Research Assistance: AI can assist in researching topics by quickly gathering information from reliable sources, helping you find relevant articles, and suggesting keywords for your searches.�AI CANNOT: Be cited (think Wikipedia (more on that later). Use it to help you find resources, but don’t actually take information directly from it). AI is known to hallucinate, which means it sometimes makes up false information or facts which aren't based on real data or events!

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Because you’re using this presentation, you’ve at least acknowledged students are using AI, will continue to use AI, and you want to teach them to responsibly use AI. So the following slides are all good practices for using AI efficiently and properly. I purposely stayed away from the plagiarism side of AI, because I personally believe students will start to shut down when they hear that. My belief is to save that for another day, and just focus on HOW to use AI. If you disagree, that’s certainly understandable and you can add those slides in here.

The biggest piece from this is to have students understand that AI is not infallible, and is known to hallucinate, which means it can just create false information or facts. That's what AI is a RESEARCH TOOL, and not a citable resource. AI should be used to help find credible sources.

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So How Do YOU Use AI?

Grammar and Writing Help: AI-powered tools can offer suggestions for improving your writing, including grammar, punctuation, and style. They won't replace proofreading, but they can be a helpful extra set of eyes.�AI Cannot: Replace proofreading. AI is not perfect, and if you don’t proofread there is a high probability of AI replacing something important.

Language Learning: AI can be used to practice and improve your language skills. Language learning apps with AI can provide interactive lessons, correct pronunciation, and offer personalized exercises.�AI Cannot: Be used to translate your work in world language classes. As noted before, AI is not perfect and can leave you with mistranslated work and prevent you from actually learning.

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So How Do YOU Use AI?

Math Problem Solving: AI can help you understand complex math problems by breaking them down into steps and providing explanations along the way. �AI Cannot: Learn for you. We saw with Flexi, there are tools that will give you answers, and tools that will HELP YOU LEARN! Choose the latter. AI tools give you answers, but if you don’t learn the material you will not succeed on tests and assignments when you have to apply your knowledge.

Critical Thinking: While AI is a great resource, it's important to critically evaluate the information it provides. Use AI tools to supplement your learning and develop your own analytical and problem-solving skills.

This is the key to understanding how to use AI. If you haven’t learned anything else from this presentation…learn this!

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So How Do You Use Prompts?

Use Complete Sentences: AI models understand and respond better to complete sentences rather than fragmented phrases. Formulate your prompts in grammatically correct sentences.

Good: "Could you please explain how photosynthesis works?"

Bad: "Photosynthesis?"�

Experiment and Iterate: AI may not always get it right the first time. Experiment with different phrasings and prompts to see which ones yield the best results, and be prepared to iterate.

Good: "What are some benefits of renewable energy sources like solar power?"

Bad: "Why is solar energy good?"

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So How Do You Use Prompts?

Use Examples: Providing examples related to your question can help the AI better understand your query and provide a more accurate response.�

Good: "Could you provide a few examples of animals that are considered marsupials?"

Bad: "What's a marsupial?"

�

Don't Assume Human Knowledge: Remember that AI doesn't know everything. If you're asking about a specific topic or event, provide some context so the AI can better assist you.

Good: "What were the key events of the Renaissance period in Europe?"

Bad: "Why was the Renaissance a big deal?"

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So How Do You Use Prompts?

Avoid Complex Language: While AI models are powerful, overly complex language or convoluted sentences can confuse them. Keep your prompts straightforward.�

Good: "Describe the function of mitochondria in a cell."

Bad: "Elaborate on the cellular role of mitochondria."

Avoid Ambiguity: Be precise in your prompts. Avoid open-ended questions that could lead to confusing or irrelevant responses.

Good: "What are the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear power for electricity generation?"

Bad: "Tell me about nuclear power."

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So How Do You Use Prompts?

Provide Constraints: Because AI models have access to so much information, you want to ensure that it focuses on delivering relevant and specific responses tailored to your needs.�

Good: "Recommend age-appropriate science experiment ideas for a 14-year-old."

Bad: "Give me science experiment ideas."

Bonus Tip!

USE AI TO HELP WITH AI: This sounds simple, but no one knows AI better than AI. If you’re having trouble coming-up with a prompt…ask for a good prompt.

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Pro Tip

AI will remember your conversation, so you can ask follow-up questions as long as you stay in the same thread. If you’re not getting what you want, click on a new thread to start over with a fresh AI who has no memory of previous questions�

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EXTRA BONUS TIP!

Let’s pretend I want a picture of a blue bird on top of a purple flower. Here’s my attempt at using DALL-E with a simple prompt.

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EXTRA BONUS TIP!

I then went to ChatGPT and asked it to give me a prompt for DALL-E

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EXTRA BONUS TIP!

The result is a much better selection of photos

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While many search engines are incorporating AI into their search functionalities, let’s look at the basics!

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Let’s Talk About Search Engines

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How Google Works (Taken From Google)

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There are HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS of webpages and is well over 100,000,000 gigabytes

Web Crawlers look at webpages and finds keywords, links, locations, and freshness to determine what they think are the best results for you.

Search engines like Google, Bing, Yahoo, Duck Duck Go, etc. use webcrawlers to organize these into a search index.

1 in 7 searches on Google has never been typed...EVER!!!!

What Kids Need To Know About Search Engines

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But you can pay Google to place your website at the top of a search, EVEN IF IT ISN’T THE BEST CHOICE!

You Cannot Pay Google For A Better Ranking!

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www.yourcompany.com

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Notice sometimes it will say sponsored in a gray text instead of having the green Ad box

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Become skilled at finding ads on websites as well. Sometimes they are well disguised!

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BONUS!!!

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Now you’re going to have a chance to practice your research skills with some interesting scenarios!

Practice Time!

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www.yourcompany.com

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Even though you may find your answer by typing a full question into Google, it’s not the most reliable way to search.

Use Only The Most Important Words In Your Search Query!

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www.yourcompany.com

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My Sister’s Search

My sister wants to know if cell phones really are dirtier than a toilet handle in a men’s bathroom.

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My Sister’s Search

My sister wants to know if cell phones really are dirtier than a toilet handle in a men’s bathroom.

Which of these words should she use to create a search?

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My Sister’s Search

My sister wants to know if cell phones really are dirtier than a toilet handle in a men’s bathroom.

cell phones toilet handle

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My Cousin’s Search

My cousin heard that after being born, a baby can’t see color, and their vision is entirely black and white.

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My Cousin’s Search

My cousin heard that after being born, a baby can’t see color, and their vision is entirely black and white.

Which of these words should she use to create a search?

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My Cousin’s Search

My cousin heard that after being born, a baby can’t see color, and their vision is entirely black and white.

baby vision black and white

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My Mom’s Search

My mom heard someone say that the first movie to ever use 3D technology was a film that came out almost 100 years ago!

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My Mom’s Search

My mom heard someone say that the first movie to ever use 3D technology was a film that came out almost 100 years ago!

Which of these words should she use to create a search?

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My Mom’s Search

My mom heard someone say that the first movie to ever use 3D technology was a film that came out almost 100 years ago!

first 3D film

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Now that we have the basics of searching down, let’s try some more advanced techniques!

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Let’s Take It To Another Level!!!

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Let’s say you wanted to do some research on that weird thing that connects your tongue to the bottom of your mouth.

When you search “thing that connects tongue to mouth” you’ll notice one of the top results is Frenulum of tongue.

Perform a new search using the keyword Frenulum.

Search Tips

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www.yourcompany.com

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Once you know the keyword that you’re looking for, it’s better to begin a new search just using that word. It will give you much more accurate results.

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Search For An Exact Match

Put a word or phrase inside quotes.

For example, "Bingo tips and tricks".

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85,700,000 vs 2,490

By using the quotation marks we reduce the number of search results

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Exclude Words From Your Search

Put - in front of a word you want to leave out.

For example, lions -detroit

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Can you think of other examples this might work for?

Typing -detroit removed all results for the Detroit Lions

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Search For A Specific Site

Put "site:" in front of a site or domain.

For example, site:youtube.com or site:.gov.

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A regular search for Minecraft gives lots of different Minecraft results. A search of “site:youtube.com minecraft” returns only search results from YouTube.

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Combine Searches

Put "OR" between each search query to pages that might use one of several words.

For example, marathon OR race.

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Search For A Related Site

Put "related:" in front of a web address you already know to find pages that are similar to a particular site.

For example, related:netflix.com.

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See Google’s Cached Version of a Website

Put "cache:" in front of the site address. Google takes a snapshot of each web page as a backup in case the current page isn't available. These pages then become part of Google’s cache that you can search.�

For example, cache:espn.com.

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←

Current version of ESPN.com

←

Yesterday’s cached version of ESPN.com

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Advanced Google Search

Narrow down search results for complex searches by using the Advanced Search page. For example, you can find sites updated in the last 24 hours or images that are in black and white.

Do an Advanced Search

Go to the Advanced Search page.

In the "Find pages with" section, enter your search terms.
In the "Then narrow your results by" section, choose the filters you want to use. You can use one or more filters.
Click Advanced Search.

Tip: You can also use many of these filters in the search box with search operators

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Calculator

You can use the calculator for any math problem you want to solve, like calculating the tip at a restaurant, making graphs, or solving geometry problems.

Type your equation into the search box on google.com or
Search for: Calculator

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Typing a simple or advanced equation in the search box will activate the calculator function and provide you with the results.

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Unit Convert

You can use the unit converter to convert from one measurement to another. For example, you could convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit or cups to liters.

Type your conversion into the search box or
Search for: Unit converter

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Google Collections

You can add images or jobs to a collection.

On your computer, go to Google.com.
Sign in to your Google Account.
Search for an image or job.
Click the image or job you want to save
To add it to a different collection, click Collections

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google.com/collections

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Create an Alert

Go to Google Alerts.
In the box at the top, enter a topic you want to follow.
To change your settings, click Show options. You can change:

How often you get notifications
The types of sites you’ll see
Your language
The part of the world you want info from
How many results you want to see
What accounts get the alert

Click Create Alert. You’ll get emails whenever we find matching search results

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Google Trends

Research what people are searching for on the Internet by going to trends.google.com

�Filter between location, time period, and type of search (Image, news, shopping, YouTube)

For example, Nintendo, Playstation, Xbox

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Image Tools

Google Images has several helpful tools that can be easily overlooked

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All examples provided by Google

4 Lessons From Google

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www.yourcompany.com

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Every Word In Your Search

Matters

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A

Who

The Who

Google the Following and Compare Your Results

Test It Out

Who

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Google the Following and Compare Your Results

TRUE EVERY WORD MATTERS

Who

The Who

A Who

World Health Organizatrion

A band called The Who

Dr. Seuss book/movie Horton Hears A Who

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Every Letter

In Your Search

Matters

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Google the Following and Compare Your Results

Test It Out

Dial

Dials

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Google the Following and Compare Your Results

TRUE EVERY LETTER MATTERS

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Word

Order

In Your Search

Matters

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Google the Following and Compare Your Results

Test It Out

Blue Sky

Sky Blue

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Google the Following and Compare Your Results

TRUE WORD ORDER MATTERS

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Capitalization

In Your Search

Matters

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Google the Following and Compare Your Results

Test It Out

George

Washington

george

washington

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Google the Following and Compare Your Results

FALSE WORD ORDER DOESN’T MATTER

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Two More Amazing Google Tools

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Google News

Google News is a collection of news articles from across the Internet from sources all over the world. You can browse by topics or search by keywords.

You can also refine by date.

News aggregator that collects stories and headlines from around the world

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Google Scholar

Search through more than 150 million peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature

The tool that will make your� research life MUCH easier

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The Elephant In The Room...Wikipedia

Yes...You Can Use It In A Reliable Way!

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You can’t site Wikipedia as a source, but it can lead you to a gold mine of resources

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The blue numbers are references to external websites and articles.

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This is a link to a Los Angeles Times �Article From 2011

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Can Site References

Can’t Site Wikipedia

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2

Seeing Is Not Always Believing

Do you agree

with

this

Quote?

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Which of these is fake?

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ALL OF THEM!!!

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Which Is Fake & Which Is Real?

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Which Is Fake & Which Is Real?

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Which Is Fake & Which Is Real?

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Which Is Fake & Which Is Real?

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Which Is Fake & Which Is Real?

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Which Is Fake & Which Is Real?

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Deep Fakes

Deep fakes use artificial neural networks to take a person’s picture or video and replace them with someone else’s likeness.

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Misinformation

Disinformation

Fake News is Disinformation

Disinformation can be Fake News

Misinformation is not Fake News or Disinformation

Know The Difference

Fake News

False news story created to be shared and distributed to generate revenue or promote/discredit a public figure, political movement, etc

False information that is shared and distributed with the intention to mislead.

False information that is shared and distributed by someone who doesn’t know the information is false

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News In An Era Of Media Conglomerates

Nearly all of the major media outlets and stations are owned by conglomerates and are faced with corporate influences dictated by a responsibility to shareholders. This means simply reporting the news is not the primary focus, and news stations also need to focus on generating revenue.

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https://www.vox.com/2018/1/23/16905844/media-landscape-verizon-amazon-comcast-disney-fox-relationships-chart

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Political Bias In News

Educating our students is no longer just about real vs fake. We have to go beyond the Northwest Tree Octopus and understand that sometimes there are different versions of the truth. Political bias can take an event and present it to the audience in a way that takes political positions/events or individuals and makes them more or less attractive to the public.

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Types of Media Bias

10. Omission of Source a� Attribution

11. Bias by Placement

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https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/media-bias-ratings

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https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/media-bias-ratings

Try to find sources from these 3 columns to give yourself a well-rounded idea of the truth.

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In this example of spin media bias, the Washington Post uses a variety of dramatic, sensationalist words to spin the story to make Trump appear emotional and unhinged. They also refer to the president's "vanity" without providing supporting evidence

https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/how-to-spot-types-of-media-bias

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www.yourcompany.com

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In this media bias instance, The Daily Wire references a "longstanding pattern," but does not back this up with evidence.

https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/how-to-spot-types-of-media-bias

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www.yourcompany.com

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In late January 2019, actor Jussie Smollett claimed he was attacked by two men who hurled racial and homophobic slurs. The Hill refers to “the violent attack” without using the word “alleged” or “allegations." The incident was revealed to be a hoax created by Smollett himself.

https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/how-to-spot-types-of-media-bias

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www.yourcompany.com

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“Gawk” means to stare or gape stupidly. Does AP’s language treat this event as serious and diplomatic, or as entertainment?

https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/how-to-spot-types-of-media-bias

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www.yourcompany.com

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We can’t objectively measure that Trump hates looking foolish, because we can’t read his mind or know what he is feeling. There is also no evidence provided to demonstrate that Democrats believe they have a winning hand.

https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/how-to-spot-types-of-media-bias

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www.yourcompany.com

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In this article about Hillary Clinton’s appearance on "The Late Show With Stephen Colbert," the author makes an assumption about Clinton’s motives and jumps to a subjective conclusion.

https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/how-to-spot-types-of-media-bias

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www.yourcompany.com

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CNN claims that hate crime incidents rose for three years, but omits information that may lead the reader to different conclusions. According to the FBI’s website, reports of hate crime incidents rose from previous years, but so did the number of agencies reporting, “with approximately 1,000 additional agencies contributing information.” This makes it unclear as to whether hate crimes are actually on the rise, as the headline claims, or simply appear to be because more agencies are reporting.

https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/how-to-spot-types-of-media-bias

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www.yourcompany.com

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Don’t Be Afraid To Question The News!!!

We live in a time where you as a person can fact check the media. Don’t just accept what the media tells you as the truth, always seek other sources to confirm a story.

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WATCH THIS EXAMPLE FROM ABC NEWS

Video courtesy �of WGBH

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This Isn’t New Either. Things Like This �Have Been Happning For Years

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Always Ask Yourself WHY

It’s super important to be able to identify WHY something was written. Is it to inform? To persuade? To sell? To deceive? Not all “news” is meant to inform. The more practice you get at identifying a website’s purpose, the better you’ll be at researching.

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https://firstdraftnews.org/latest/fake-news-complicated/

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https://firstdraftnews.org/latest/fake-news-complicated/

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Hoax-Slayer.com

NPR Fact Checker

Truthbetold.news

Politifact.com

Factcheck.org

Snopes.com

Fact Checking Websites

Don’t be afraid to fact check the fact checkers as well! These are mostly reliable sites, but have been known to be wrong, so always check with more than 1 source!

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Be Aware

While fact checkers are a great source of finding information about certain claims and hoaxes, they are not without their own media bias. This doesn’t mean they are not reliable, but it also means you don’t want to rely on a single source of information.

Don’t Stop Questioning/Researching

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Always Ask Yourself WHY

It’s super important to be able to identify WHY something was written. Is it to inform? To persuade? To sell? To deceive? Not all “news” is meant to inform. The more practice you get at identifying a website’s purpose, the better you’ll be at researching.

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Circle Back: If you get lost, hit dead ends, or find yourself going down an increasingly confusing rabbit hole, back up and start over knowing what you know now. You’re likely to take a more informed path with different search terms and better decisions.

Check For Previous Work: Look around to see if someone else has already fact-checked the claim or provided a synthesis of research.

Go Upstream For The Source: Go “upstream” to the source of the claim. Most web content is not original. Get to the original source to understand the trustworthiness of the information.

Read Laterally: Once you get to the source of a claim, read what other people say about the source (publication, author, etc.). The truth is in the network.

Web Literacy For Student Fact Checkers

by Michael A. Caulfield

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Michael Caulfield developed a great guide for students to become their own fact checkers. These four steps include having students check for an author’s previous work to see if someone else has already fact-checked their article or claim. Next they should go “upstream” which means find the original source. Many times an article will reference someone else’s claim or work. Students should then go and find that original work and understand how reliable the information is (and to see if the article they first saw the information is put any kind of spin on it). They should then research how trustworthy the author or publication is by researching what others have said about them. And finally, as we all know sometimes researching leads us down a rabbit hole and it’s easy to get lost. Once a student feels they’ve strayed too far, they should start over. Except this time they have the added benefit of knowing all the things they learned from their first search!

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Look For Common Signs of Fake News

Check the URL. Some fake news websites have a credible news url like abcnews.com and then add .co to the end of it.

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abcnew.com.co

* Please note that �as of 1/20/20 abcnews.com.co now redirects to another fake news site keyc.tv.

Sites like this continue to move around and change all the time.

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Look For Common Signs of Fake News

Many fake news websites will use names that sound like legitimate news sites, but they really aren’t. Sites like worldnewsdialyreport.com and nationalreport.net.

There are many others, that pop-up, get shut down, and then open again with another fake name.

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worldnewsdailyreport.com

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A quick search of “Obama Kenya 2021” produces several fact checking websites that have a title explaining Obama didn't announce he is running for President of Kenya. Had this been real, there would be plenty of major media outlets listed in the search results. Instead the search results have no major media and are filled with fact checkers.

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www.yourcompany.com

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Look For Common Signs of Fake News

There are many sites out there that are classified as satire. These sites are intended to be funny, and often poke fun of real news. Sites like babylonbee.com and theonion.com are some of the best examples of satire.

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The Babylon Bee and The Onion Are Wwo� Top Satirical News Sites

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Look For Common Signs of Fake News

Many fake news sites will have a disproportionate number of ads, and many of them will be inappropriate. We won’t show you examples of them here, but they’re not the kind of ads you find on trusted news sites.

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Practice With The Facticious Game

http://factitious.augamestudio.com/#/

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