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AI In The Loop.

Teacher In Charge.

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Bellringer

1. Answer the question, turn your paper upside down, pass to one person near you…then pass it again.

2. Everyone should have a paper, nobody should have their own.

3. When I say go:

  • Grab a pen. Stand up. Move around the room. Find someone else with an answer.
  • Introduce yourself - Name, school, position
  • Read each other’s response. Decide whose “resonates with you more” (you define this). Put a star on it.
  • Trade papers, move on to someone else

4. When the music stops, head back to your seat.

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The AI Enthusiasm Spectrum

AI will save us

AI will destroy us

AI’s okay.

risk ignoring the flaws

Goal today: Join me in radical centrism.

risk ignoring the opportunities

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Goal for today (keynote + workshops)

Leave you feeling in full control of AI in your classroom.

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Goal for the keynote

Basic understanding of AI & centrist view on its potential.

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“Teacher in the loop”

AI in the loop, teacher in charge.

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1. AI Basics

Today

2. The risk

3. The opportunity

4. The Path Forward

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Part 1: Understanding AI

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First, a toothbrush game

  • In 1 minute with your table, when I say go:
    • Aside from brushing your teeth, come up with as many creative uses for a toothbrush that you can!
    • Can’t use tech!!

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AI is the future of work. It can already….

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Enable humans to control computers with their brains

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Conduct open ended tasks on the web.

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Serve as a rudimentary family therapist.

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Beat Grandmasters of Chess and Go.

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Use K-Cups to make coffee and reason through physical tasks.

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Win art competitions.

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Generate videos with basic text prompting.

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Replicate human thought, speech, and behavior.

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“This is the worst AI we will ever use.”

  • Ethan Mollick

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AI is the future of work (and maybe learning)

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AI is the future present

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AI is the future present. Students are using it to….

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Augment search results in Google

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Embedded in the Iphone

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In Snapchat & Twitter

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Writing emails

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Writing docs

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Filling out forms in Chrome

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Writing text messages

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In Google Classroom

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93% of students have used AI “once or twice” to help with schoolwork

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AI is the future present.

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We’re doing a disservice to students if we don’t teach them how to use AI tools effectively.

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…and sometimes that means teaching them when not to use AI at all.

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What are LLMs…

  • New AI tools are powered by large language models (LLMs)
  • LLMs are computer programs that generate human like text using Machine Learning (ML) & Natural Language Processing (NLP)
  • Major LLMs are now referred to as “foundation models”
  • How do they work?

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LLMs predict the next “token”

Foundation Model

Foundation Model

token

20%

10%

98%

Word associations based on training data (Reddit, Wiki, Twitter, etc)

The text generated when you “talk” with ChatGPT

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LLMs

  • Use probabilities, based on the data they’ve been trained on, to predict what “token” comes next
  • Use patterns in data to predict the most likely “next word”

Foundation Model

20%

10%

98%

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LLMs do not “think”, they imitate thought.

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…if you can’t tell the difference, does it matter?

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LLMs do not “think”, they imitate thought.

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LLMs with more data are better at imitating thought.

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Foundation model with less/worse data

Qwen 2.5 Coder: “Write me a sonnet in the style of Matthew McConaughey”

Upon the moors where echoes softly call,

Beneath the vast and indifferent sky so wide,

A lone soul wanders, lost in reverie,

Where shadows stretch and time seems to abide.

The heather sways in gentle, mournful dance,

A symphony of nature’s breath and sigh,

Each tuft a whisper, secrets it retains,

Of ancient storms and silent winters by.

20%

10%

98%

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Model with more/better data

Claude 3.5 Sonnet: “Write me a sonnet in the style of Matthew McConaughey”

The world keeps turnin', that's what I say,

Like a slow dance beneath the Austin stars.

Some folks get lost along their own highway,

Too busy countin' miles, collectin' scars.

But here's the truth I found while drivin' far:

Joy ain't about the destination, see?

Just like that Lincoln, cruisin' in my car,

The journey's what made sense of life to me.

The universe, she whispers ancient tales,

Of time that flows like rivers through the night.

When wisdom comes, your spirit never fails,

You're just L-I-V-I-N', and that's alright.

So keep on rollin' through this cosmic scene,

'Cause life's a wave, you know just what I mean.

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Models (i.e. LLMs) produce different outputs depending on the amount and quality of their training data.

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LLMs in Review

  • Modern AI tools are built on backs of LLMS
  • LLMs are trained to predict the next token (word piece) in a sequence
  • LLMs do not “think”, they imitate thought
  • Amount & quality of LLM training data influences outputs

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Learn more

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Part 2: The risks

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The amount and quality of LLM training data can lead to negative side effects…

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The AI Enthusiasm Spectrum

AI will save us

AI will destroy us

AI’s okay.

Join me!

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Hallucination

missing data

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Hallucination

What happened on September 11th, 2001?”

Trained on structure AND content. Can answer this accurately.

“What happened on February 12th, 1249?

Familiar with structure, but NOT content, making it more likely to produce false info.

structure

content

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Hallucination consequences

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Unintentional Bias

Prompt

“Help me generate a story about a powerful leader who helps a country grow.”

“man”

“powerful”

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Well intentioned overrides are difficult

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Intentional Bias

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Intentional Bias

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IP Theft?

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IP Theft?

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IP Theft?

VS

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Carbon Footprint

  • Google & Microsoft carbon footprint increasing dramatically (source)
    • One image = fully charging your smartphone (source)
    • One query to ChatGPT = 20 minutes of light bulb (source)
    • Training an LLM = 125 round-trip flights between New York and Beijing. (source)
  • Semiconductor manufacturing water. Lots. (source)
  • TW is paying farmers to not farm so water can be used for semiconductors (link)

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The devaluing

of literacy.

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Because of AI, humans will read less.

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Because of AI, humans will write less.

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We’re writing less

  • Weixin Liang, et. al. 2025
    • Reviewed over 400 million consumer complaints, corporate press releases, job postings, and UN press releases
    • As high as 24% AI generated
    • …”a new reality” in which we “substantially rely on generative AI…” for writing

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Losing our voices

  • Lee, et al 2025
    • 30K admissions essays with/without AI
    • “Write like this student”
    • LLMs sound different from us…even when we try to make them not

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We’re losing our voices.

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Hallucination

Unintentional

bias!

Intentional

bias!

Less writing!

Less reading!

Homogenization of voice!

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The AI Enthusiasm Spectrum

AI will save us

AI will destroy us

AI’s okay.

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The AI Enthusiasm Spectrum

AI will save us

AI will destroy us

AI’s okay.

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Part 3: The opportunity

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“I want AI to do my laundry and dishes so that I can do art and writing, not for AI to do my art and writing so that I can do my laundry and dishes.”

  • Joanna Maciejewska

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AI can’t do your dishes (yet). But…

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AI saves teachers 5.9 hours per week…6 weeks per year.

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40-50% of teachers leave the profession within the first 5 years.

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Efficiency.

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Efficiency

“We find that the current iteration of ChatGPT scoring is not statistically significantly different from human scoring”

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Efficiency

“Differences between ChatGPT and humans were modest when considering the overall quality of feedback and time-savings…”

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No more Sunday scaries!!

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Personalization

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Personalization

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Personalization

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Personalization of literacy.

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AI is opening up new roads to literacy.

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New roads to literacy

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“Living books”

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AI is devaluing literacy

AI is enabling literacy.

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Part 4: Path Forward

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The AI Enthusiasm Spectrum

AI will save us

AI will destroy us

AI’s okay.

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“Don’t call it a sign of the times…

…When it’s always been this way.”

  • Sturgill Simpson

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470 BCE!

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The literacy enthusiasm spectrum

Literacy will destroy us

Literacy will save us

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Literacy itself might be our best “AI Analogy.”

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470 BCE!

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Written language is dangerous!!

  1. “Dead discourse!”
    1. There’s no sound, melody, stress, intonation, body language, etc!
  2. It will destroy our memory!
    • Dependent on writing! Memorization strategies will be lost!
  3. Written words can’t speak back!
    • What happens if you don’t understand what you read!? People will be misinformed!

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Writing … “drifts all over the place, getting into the hands not only of those who understand it, but equally of those who have no business with it! It doesn’t know how to address the right people, and not address the wrong!”

- Socrates

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Hol’ Up.

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Plato

Writing allows us to preserve knowledge accurately over space and time! It enables modern history, religion, science, literature, and law!

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Plato

We can scale our expertise! Written texts can be duplicated and distributed!

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Plato

Individuality! One can wrestle with ideas on their own for the first time!

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Socrates was…

kind of right.

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Modern Socrates

  1. Misreading text messages
  2. Can anyone recite a poem?
  3. Misunderstanding online information.
  4. Viral spread of false information.

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Plato was…

also kind of right.

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Modern Plato

  • Writing revolutionized western society. It enabled modern religion, law, science, logic, reasoning, etc.
  • Over time, literacy did scale knowledge (Renaissance)
  • Writing made us more individualistic

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The literacy enthusiasm spectrum

Literacy will destroy us

Literacy will save us

Literacy’s pretty cool

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Technology amplifies human intent.

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No one has more power to shape human intent than teachers.

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AI makes teachers more important, not less.

Society

Teachers

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Our work starts

now.

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Thank you.

adam@myshortanswer.com - 402 657 8205

Slides!

bit.ly/esc3literacyrules