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Graphics

Graphics

• Materials which communicate facts and ideas clearly and concisely
• Through combination of pictures, words and drawings
• Universal short hand language to assist readers in understanding
• Verbal
• Symbolic visual cues
• Graphics >> quantitative facts >> accuracy of thought >> saving of time
• Editors >> use symbolic graphics to clarify ideas and to highlight messages in print
• Include drawings, diagrams, graphs and charts

Drawings

• Creative visual forms using graphic arrangements of lines and colours
• Represent ideas, concept, persons, places, things and situations
• Types >>>

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Stick Figures

• Simple line drawings to show facial expression, positions, motions or actions.
• Stick figures lack details

Humanised Drawings

• Represent inanimate objects to look and act like human
• Eg. Micky mouse, Donald Duck

Stylised figures

• Graphic representation of persons, objects and things.
• Resemble things, but lack details and highly symbolic

Cartoons

• Pictorial and use satire, caricature and exaggeration to tell a story about a person, group or situation

Realistic line drawings

• Highly pictorial which show details of the things they represent
• Popularly used in comic books and illustrated manuals and text books

Diagrams

• Graphic illustrations to show relationship or to help explain processes such as how something works or how it is constructed
• Designed to illustrate both the internal parts of objects and things

Posters

• Visual combination of bold design, colour and message which is intended to catch hold the attention of passer-by long enough to implant a specific impression
• Emphasise a fact or idea & stimulate them to support / obtain more info/ take some action
• People look at not walk around as they look at birds / trees
• People should get idea at single glance

Guidelines to prepare poster

• Aim at one main idea / message
• Forceful and clear in treatment
• Colourful – bold colours draw attention and conveys the idea quickly and correctly
• Should be large enough to be easily seen 22”X28” or 28”X44”
• Contain Few words, concise & striking slogan
• Contain plain, bold lettering with plenty of space

Charts

• Diagrammatical representation of facts / ideas
• Communicate facts effectively and enables to provide information with little explanation and analysis a problem / situation
• Mixture of pictures, drawings, cartoons, graphics, diagrams and verbal materials

Organisational chart

• Shows the functional relationship or chain of command of individuals or groups within an organisation

Flow chart

• Illustrates the sequence in time, procedure or steps and processes or simple regression

Tree Chart

• Depicts development, growth and change
• Begins with single source (trunk) which then spreads out into a many branches

Tabular Chart

• Shows list of items placed in a sequential order for chronological comparison or discussion, usually laid out in straight columns to allow direct comparison between materials, data or items in different columns

Graphs

• Shows the numerical relationship which enable to grasp quickly and accurately the meaning of the statistical data
• List of figures can be reduced to a graph and be much more interesting, usable and understandable

Pesticide Use in Different Crops

Line Graph

• Used to indicate the fluctuations / trends in production or a commodity which helps in understanding variations or relationship
• Straight line connects points representing each measured quantity

Bar Graph

• Useful in comparing size or magnitude or similar items at different times or parts of the whole
• Single linear bar two / three dimensional
• Easy to understand and simple to construct size , length, colour of bars represent different values

Pie graph

• Helps to show the parts of whole
• Spending pattern / different components that together make an unit

Pictorial graph

• Picture symbols are used to depict the graph which shows the comparison, approximation

Flip chart

• Series of visuals drawn on a large sheets or paper / card board fastened together at the top
• Sheets are turned over or flipped one at a time as the presentation is made
• Effective supplement / substitute for projected media like slides, OHP etc.

Flash cards

• Cards on which simple illustration is drawn on which a few phrases are printed or written
• Can be used to encourage discussion on a topic or method
• Used one at a time and held in the hand in front of the group
• Series not exceeding 15 numbers
• Large Groups : 22”X28” Small Groups 11”X14”

Procedure for Flash Cards

• Outline series of pictures related to the topic on a paper
• Number their sequence
• Draw only one picture on a card
• Make simple meaningful sketches to attract
• Use meaningful colours for emphasis
• Prepare short captions and notes for each caption
• Write caption and note on each picture in brief on back of the preceding card
• Tell the story on each card before the group
• Can contain both pictures and captions
• One idea / one picture per card

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Flip Book

• Contain series of flash cards arranged in a sequential order or flipped together
• All aspects of preparation are similar to that of flash cards

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Flannel Graph

• Dynamic non-projected aid in the hands of a skilful extension worker.
• Consists of piece of flannel / wool which is tightly stretched over a strong backing plywood
• The mounted pictures, letters and other visuals that have strips of sand paper at the back can be attached to the flannel board

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Procedure for Flannel Graph

• Decide exactly what you want to tell audience
• Develop story in a logical sequence
• Keep as simple as possible
• Convey only important points
• Use short words, sentences and captions
• Sketch the guideline, picture, etc in the drawing paper
• Use colours
• Cut out the cards in desired shapes
• Cut out small strips of sand paper and paste on backside of cards
• Employ photos, prints, pictures, etc. for effective use
• Practice twice or thrice your presentation before presentations

Graphic Assignment

Graphic Assignment

• Titled Picture blocks

Titled Picture blocks