Appropriate Material for various uses (Building Material )�

Dr. Amrapali Trivedi

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Appropriate Material for various uses:-�

• There are many types of building materials used in construction and interiors such as Concrete, Steel, Wood and Masonry. Each material has different properties such as weight, strength, durability and cost which makes it suitable for certain types of applications. The choice of materials for construction is based on cost and effectiveness to resisting the loads and stresses acting on the structure.
• Timber
• Paints
• Glass
• Cement
• Steel
• Plastic
• Types of Stones

TIMBER

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• Uses – Floors, walls, supports and roof frames�Advantages – Strong, easy to work with, versatile, potentially renewable, biodegradable�Disadvantages – Some timber is non-renewable; often treated with toxic chemicals.�Earth-wise tips – Use recycled wood or timber from sustainable sources, with no chemical treatments.

• It is readily available and an economical natural resource.

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• Wood is relatively lightweight and easy to standardize in size.

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• It provides good insulation from the cold , which is why many architects and engineers like using it for homes and residential buildings.

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• Wood has high tensile strength—keeping its strength while bending—and is very strong when being compressed vertically.

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• Because it is lightweight and needs to be pressure treated to come into contact with surrounding soil, wood is a less popular choice for foundations or basement walls. (However, permanent wood foundations, known as PWFs, are gaining traction among builders thanks to the warm and inviting wood basement living space they offer.)
• More often, wood-framed homes usually have a reinforced concrete or pier and beam foundations.

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PAINTS

• "Building products" may also refer to items used to put such hardware together, such as caulking, glues, paint, and anything else bought for the purpose of constructing a building.
• Paint is a fluid material that has the ability to spread on a solid surface. This material on drying will form a film. The paint is applied in different layers over the surface called as the primary coat called as a first coat, second, second loaf etc.

Painting is necessary for the following reasons:

• Painting will protect the surface from adverse impact of atmospheric action
• The surface is kept clean and safe
• An attractive appearance is given to the surface

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Thank you

GLASS

• Uses – Windows, doors, skylights; bricks�Advantages – Stable, long-lasting, efficient, recyclable�Disadvantages – Production is energy-intensive, uses non- renewable minerals.�Earth-wise tips – Seek out recycled windows; buy energy-efficient new glass.

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CEMENT

• Cement composites have found a new use in 3D construction wherein the previous years they have only been used as binders for wood or fibers. 
• Cement composites are made of hydrated cement paste. How they bind wood together can be challenging, though, as wood-cement compatibility ratio should be identified first to be able to create the right cement paste mixture. 
• Various methods are used to determine wood-cement compatibility. That includes measuring hydration of cement and wood, identifying their strength, morphology, and interfacial bond. 
• Cement bonded composites are made of hydrated cement paste that binds wood, particles, or fibers to make pre-cast building components. Various fiberous materials, including paper, fiberglass, and carbon-fiber have been used as binders

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STEEL

• Steel is one of the strongest building materials available with excellent strength capacity in both tension and compression. Because of its high strength-to-weight ratio, it is ideal for structural framework of tall buildings and large industrial facilities. Structural steel is available in standard shapes such are angles, I beams and C-channels.

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• These shapes can be welded together or connected using high-strength bolts to build structures capable of resisting large forces and deformations.

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• Steel is a relatively expensive building material so it is the structural engineer’s responsibility to choose economic sizes and shapes according to the actual loads on the building to avoid overdesign. 

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• The installation of steel is less time consuming compared to concrete and can be installed in any type of environment.

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• Uses – Frames, supports�Advantages – Strong, economical, durable, recyclable�Disadvantages – Production is energy-intensive and highly polluting; coatings are often polluting.�Earth-wise tips – Buy recycled steel or opt for renewable timber.

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• Steel has high strength-to-weight and strength-to-size ratios.
• It’s high-cost relative to other metals. Structural engineers can consult on choosing the most cost-effective sizes to use in a house to support the actual load on the building.
• Steel is less time-consuming to install than concrete.
• It can be installed in any environment.
• Steel can be susceptible to corrosion if improperly installed or maintained

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PLASTIC

• Uses – Window frames, water pipes, gutters, floor and wall coverings�Advantages – Light, durable, resistant to damp, water and pests�Disadvantages – Made from non-renewable resources; production is energy-intensive and polluting; may off-gas.�Earth-wise tips – Look for renewable alternatives; avoid PVC – opt for PVC-free polypropylene or polybutylene instead.

• Plastic is generally used in HVAC, plumbing, and electrical as plastic pipes covering wires and metal pipes. It’s typically made of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic materials that can be molded or extruded. into objects or films or fibers.

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• Plastics used as building materials vary in heat tolerance, resilience, and hardness. This is why plastics find their place in most construction projects these days, depending on the application they may be needed for.

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TYPES OF STONES

Stone and composite stone

The longest lasting building material available is the one that’s been here for thousands of years: stone. In fact, the most ancient of buildings still in existence in the world are made of stone. It has many advantages, though engineers and architects must make some special considerations when planning a building using stone.

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• Uses – Walls, floors, supports�Advantages – Abundant, durable, high thermal mass, economical if available on site; no toxic emissions�Disadvantages – Non-renewable; extraction and transportation can be energy-intensive.�Earth-wise tips – Use salvaged stone or products made with waste stone from local sources.

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• Dry stone walls made of dense rock have been used for thousands of years. Different forms of mortar were later used to hold them together.

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• Because it is so dense, stone can be difficult to work with because of its weight and the difficulty in moving it.

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• Stone is not an efficient insulator, since it is difficult to keep warm.

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• Various stone types are best for different uses. For instance, slate is fire-resistant. Granite is one of the hardest stones and one of the most durable products available; the Incas used limestone or granite to build their incredibly strong buildings.

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THANK YOU