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CONTENTS

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  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. NAME OF CRANIAL NERVES
  3. NATURE OF CRANIAL NERVES
  4. FUNCTIONS OF CRANIAL NERVES
  5. APPLIED ANATOMY
  6. INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEI AND THEIR LOCATION

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HOW TO REMEMBER CN-1-12

Oh oh oh try try again failure victory give value and happiness

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1) OLFACTORY NERVE

  • ORIGIN:

Olfactory epithelium

  • OPENING IN SKULL:

Opens in cribriform plate

of ethmoid bone to receptors

in roof of nasal cavity.

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2) OPTIC NERVE

  • ORIGIN:

Back of eye ball/retina of eye

  • OPENING TO SKULL:

Optic canal and from there it converge

to form optic chiasm

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3) OCULOMOTOR NERVE

  • ORIGIN:

Anterior surface of midbrain.

  • OPENING IN SKULL:

Superior orbital fissure.

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4) TROCHLEAR NERVE

  • ORIGIN:

Posterior surface of the midbrain and

innervates superior oblique muscle.

  • OPENING TO THE SKULL:

Superior orbital fissure

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5) TRIGEMINAL NERVE

  • OPTHALMIC NERVE:
  • ORIGIN : Anterior aspect of pons

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  • OPENING IN THE SKULL: Superior

Orbital fissure

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  • MAXILLARY NERVE :
  • ORIGIN:
  • Anterior aspect of pons
  • OPENING IN THE SKULL:

Foramen rotundum

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  • MANDIBULAR NERVE:
  • ORIGIN:

Anterior aspects of the pons

  • OPENING IN THE SKULL:

Foramen ovale

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6) ABDUCENSE NERVE

  • ORIGIN:

Anterior surface of hindbrain

between pons and medulla

  • OPENING TO THE SKULL:

Superior orbital fissure

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7) FACIAL NERVE

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  • OPENING IN THE SKULL :

Internal acoustic meatus, facial

and stylomastoid foramen.

  • Attaches to pons

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8) VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE�

  • OPENING IN THE SKULL:

Internal acoustic meatus

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9) GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE

  • OPENING IN THE SKULL:

Jugular foramen

It attaches to medulla oblongata

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10) VAGUS NERVE

  • OPENING IN THE SKULL:

Jugular foramen

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11) ACCESSORY NERVE

  • OPENING IN THE SKULL:

Jugular foramen

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12) HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

  • OPENING IN THE SKULL:

Hypoglossal canal .

Innervates both extrinsic and

intrinsic muscle of tongue

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CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI

  • The cranial nerve nuclei are aggregate of cells(collection of cell bodies ). Attached to these cell bodies are fibres called cranial nerve(Bundle of axons)
  • These nuclei are either sensory or motor but never both.
  • However Cranial nerves can be sensory,motor or mixed Nerves.
  • The cranial nerve motor nuclei again grouped according to their targets that is where their axons sent or structure they innervate.
  • Similarly, the cranial nerve sensory nuclei are grouped according to the information they receive.

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CLASSIFICATION OF CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI

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CRANIAL NERVE SENSORY NUCLEI

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CRANIAL NERVE MOTOR NUCLEI

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  • GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENTS (GSA)

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  • GENERAL SOMATIC EFFERENTS (GSE)

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  • SPECIAL SOMATIC AFFERENTS (SSE)

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  • SPECIAL VISCERAL EFFERENTS (SVE)

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  • GENERAL VISCERAL AEFFERENTS (GVE)

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  • GENERAL VISCERAL EFFERENTS (GVE)

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  • SPECIAL VISCERAL AFFERENTS (SVE)

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  • GENERAL SOMATIC EFFERENT NUCLEI
  • OCCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS
  • TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS –(EOM AND MUSCLES OF TONGUE)
  • ABDUSCENS NUCLEUS
  • HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEUS

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  • GENERAL VISCERAL EFFERENT NUCLEI
  • ACCESSORY OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS (EDINGER – WESTPHAL NUCLEUS) VIA (3)
  • SUPERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS VIA (7)
  • INFERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS VIA (9)
  • DORSAL VAGAL NUCLEUS VIA (10)

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  • SPECIAL VISCERAL EFFERENT NUCLEI
  • MOTOR NUCLEUS OF (3) TRIGEMINAL NERVE
  • NUCLEUS OF FACIAL NERVE – (PHARYNGEAL ARCHES)
  • NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS -(9,10, 11 CN) –INJURY-I/L BULBAR PARALYSIS

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  • GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT NUCLEI
  • MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEUS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE.
  • PRINCIPAL/CHIEF NUCLEUS OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE.
  • SPINAL NUCLEUS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE.

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  • SPECIAL SOMATIC AFFERENT NUCLEI
  • COCHLEAR NUCLEUS
  • VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS

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  • GENERAL AND SPECIAL VISCERAL AEFFERENT NUCLEI
  • NUCLEUS OF THE SOLITARY TRACK – (Generating and synchronizing the peristaltic

Activity of upper GIT while swallowing)

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NERVES

NUCLEI

LOCATION

OCULOMOTOR

OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS

MIDBRAIN, LEVEL OF SUPERIOR COLLICULUS

TROCHLEAR

TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS

MIDBRAIN, LEVEL OF INFERIOR COLLICULUS

TRIGEMINAL

1)MOTOR NUCLEUS

2)MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEUS

3) SUPERIOR SENSORY NUCLEUS

4)SPINAL NUCLEUS

1)UPPER PONS

2)MIDBRAIN

3)UPPER PONS

4)FROM UPPER PONS TO C2 SEGMENT OF SPINAL CORD

ABDUCENT

ABDUCENT NUCLEUS

LOWER PONS

FACIAL

1)MOTOR NUCLEUS

2) NUCLEUS OF TRACTUS SOLITARIUS

3) SUPERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS

4)LACRIMATORY NUCLEUS

All FROM LOWER PONS

COCHLEAR

TWO COCHLEAR NUCLEI DORSAL AND VENTRAL

JUNCTION OF MEDULLA AND PONS

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NERVES

NUCLEI

LOCATION

VESTIBULAR

FOUR VESTIBULAR NUCLEI SUPERIOR,SPINAL,MEDIAL AND LATERAL

JUNCTION OF MEDULLA AND PONS

GLOSOPHARYNGEAL

  1. NUCLEUS AMBIGUOUS
  2. INFERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS
  3. NUCLEUS OF TRACTUS SOLITARIUS

MEDULLA

VAGUS AND CRANIAL PART ACCESSARY

  1. NUCLEUS AMBIGUOUS
  2. DORSAL NUCLEUS OF VAGUS
  3. NUCLEUS OF TRACTUS SOLITARIUS

MEDULLA

SPINAL PART OF ACCESSARY

SPINAL NUCLEUS OF ACCESSORY NERVE

SPINAL CORD ,Cl-5

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEUS

MEDULLA

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