1 of 45

THE CHANGING ME

WHAT IS GOING ON?

2 of 45

What we will be covering:

* What is puberty?

* Names and functions of private body parts

* Reproduction:

- Fertilisation

- Pregnancy

- Birth

Image from Pixabay, is licensed under CC0 1.0

3 of 45

A few rules:

Respect
Privacy
Scientific Language
FUN

“Rules” by Nick Youngson is licensed by CC-BY SA 3.0

4 of 45

WHAT IS THIS THING CALLED PUBERTY?

A period of changing and growing into adults
Second largest period of growth in your lives
Every adult has experienced this time of change

5 of 45

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN OUR LIVES

We experience 3 stages of rapid growth in our lives:
9 months inside our mother
The first year of life
Puberty

6 of 45

WHAT CHANGES WILL HAPPEN?

Many changes will take place, including:

Physical
Emotional
Spiritual
Sexual
Social

7 of 45

EMOTIONAL CHANGES

Feelings of excitement, fear or nervousness about puberty
Greater independence
Changing likes and dislikes
Good and bad moods

8 of 45

SPIRITUAL CHANGES

A deepening awareness of spirituality
Questioning of spirituality or how things are

9 of 45

SEXUAL CHANGES

Increased hormones produced
You may start to notice the other sex
You may have strong feelings of attraction towards them
This is a normal and healthy part of growing up!

10 of 45

SOCIAL CHANGES

Decision – making processes
Problem – solving skills
Cause and effect relationships

11 of 45

PHYSICAL CHANGES

There are external signs (you can see) and

internal ones (you can’t see)

Hormones being produced – testosterone (boys)

oestrogen and progesterone (girls)

Changes to skin
Hair may become oily, hair will appear in genital areas
Don’t compare to magazines or tv!

12 of 45

GIRLS

These changes are all preparing your body to be able to carry a baby as an adult

Curvier and softer body
Waist will change shape
Wider hips

13 of 45

BOYS

Taller
Shoulders broaden
Muscles develop
Bigger hands and feet
Hair will start to grow on face

14 of 45

WHY ARE THESE CHANGES HAPPENING?

Puberty is a time of change
Girls become women
Boys become men
Puberty prepares us for the ability to have a baby as adults

15 of 45

THE CREATION OF NEW LIFE

The ability to create new life is an amazing gift that we carry in our bodies
It is important that we take care of this gift

16 of 45

REMEMBER

Everyone will go through these changes at their own time – don’t compare your journey to others ☺

17 of 45

FURTHER DISCUSSION

For the next session, let’s break into two groups:

Boys

Girls

18 of 45

Let’s Think….

What are some names for body parts?

Image found on pixabay and is licensed under CC 0

19 of 45

Private Body Parts

mouth

nipples

navel

bottom

vagina

vulva

penis

testicles

“Naming the private body parts: Female (Years 3–4)” by

Daniel Morcombe Child Safety Curriculum licensed under CC BY 4.0

(Image has been modified)

“Naming the private body parts: Male (Years 3–4)” by

Daniel Morcombe Child Safety Curriculum licensed under CC BY 4.0

(Image has been modified)

20 of 45

�- Both people must consent (means say ‘yes’)�- Never between family members�- No means no�- It’s a private activity�

STOP- Rules about touch!

Image found on Pixabay and is licensed under CC0 1.0

21 of 45

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

“Female reproductive organs” by Siyavula Education is licensed under (CC BY 4.0). Image has been modified.

Reproduction can be defined as the process by which humans produce offspring or children.

The female needs a male to fertilize her egg; she then carries offspring through pregnancy and childbirth. Parts of the female reproductive system include:

Ovary: The ovaries exist as a pair (one on the right of the body and one on the left) and they release ova (eggs) which are the female sex cells. In humans they also make the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Each month from puberty until around the age of 60 an ovary releases an egg.

Oviduct: There are two oviducts, also called the fallopian tubes. Each oviduct attaches to a side of the uterus and connects to an ovary. The oviducts catch the egg released by the ovary each month. Sometimes ovaries might drop 2 eggs. It is in the oviduct that an egg can be fertilised. Oviducts are about as wide as a piece of spaghetti.

Uterus: The uterus is shaped like an upside-down pear, with a thick lining and muscular walls. It is hollow to allow a fertilised egg to grow into a baby, also called a foetus. If the egg is fertilised, the walls of the uterus thicken to protect and develop the growing (foetus). If it is not fertilised, each month the lining is shed and comes out of the body as blood. This is called a period.

Cervix: The cervix is a narrow part of the uterus where it joins to the vagina.

Vagina: The internal canal that leads from the vulva to the uterus (womb). It is the pathway for blood to leave the body each month if the egg is unfertilised. It also receives the sperm from the male for fertilisation and is the common pathway for babies to take to be born.

Clitoris: The clioris is a small spongy section of tissue that is very sensitive.

Vulva: The folds of skin that surround the opening of the vagina.

“ Daniel Morcombe Child Safety Curriculum Years 3-6 Lesson: Recognise - Private body parts and body ownership” licensed under CC by 4.0

“Human physiology / The female reproductive system” licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

22 of 45

WORKBOOK

Complete ‘Female Body Parts’ page in your workbooks.

Remember, if you don’t know the answer, don’t worry!

We will go over these together as a group.

23 of 45

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

“Female reproductive organs” by Siyavula Education is licensed under (CC BY 4.0). Image has been modified.

24 of 45

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

“Reproductive (male)” by the National Cancer Institute is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Image has been modified)

The male reproductive system has many parts. They include:

Scrotum: The sac (pouch) of skin that hold the testicles. It helps keep their temperature cool. This is important for sperm to survive.

Testicles: Two small oval glands that hang in a pouch of skin (scrotum) behind the penis. From when a male reaches puberty, the testicles produce the male sex cells (sperm) and the hormone testosterone.

Epididymis: A place where sperm are stored while they finish growing.

Vas deferens: A pathway for sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

The seminal vesicles and prostate gland: Nourish the sperm with fructose (seminal vesicle) and prepare the pathway for them to take (Prostate gland).

Cowper’s gland: Prepares the pathway out of the urethra for sperm - urine can kill sperm so this gland neutralises the urine.

Penis: External sexual organ in males. Ejaculate or semen (containing sperm) and urine (pee or wee) is released through the penis..

Urinary bladder: A hollow space that collects and stores urine until it leaves the body.

Urethra: A pathway for semen (sperm and fluids) and urine out of the body.

“Human physiology / The male reproductive system” licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

“ Daniel Morcombe Child Safety Curriculum Years 3-6 Lesson: Recognise - Private body parts and body ownership” licensed under CC by 4.0

25 of 45

WORKBOOK

Complete ‘Male Body Parts’ page in your workbooks.

Remember, if you don’t know the answer, don’t worry!

We will go over these together as a group.

26 of 45

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Testicle

Scrotum

Urethra

Penis

Prostate

Vas deferens

Urinary bladder

Seminal vesicle

Cowper’s gland

Epididymis

“Reproductive (male)” by the National Cancer Institute is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. (Image has been modified.)

27 of 45

WHAT IS FERTILISATION?

The moment when a sperm and egg join together

and the genes from the mother and father combine

to form a new life.

(Science Museum, n.d.)

28 of 45

THE OVUM

“Ovum” by Biology Flashcards is licensed under CC BY 2.0. (Image has been modified)

The ovum is the female sexual reproduction cell (gamete)

Ovum (plural ova) are contained within the ovary

During ovulation, the ovum is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube

Fertilisation of the ovum happens in the fallopian tube

Information from 28.1 Fertilization by Rice University licensed under CC BY 4.0 (Information has been modified)

Information from “Ovum” in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (Information has been modified)

29 of 45

DID YOU KNOW?

Females are born with all the eggs they will need in their lives
Each ovum contains 23 chromosomes
Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes

Information from “Sexual Health / Sex Cells” in Wikipedia the free encyclopedia licensed under CC BY – SA 3.0 (Information has been modified)

30 of 45

Chromosomes (46 in total) hold our DNA
We get half our DNA (23) from our mum
Where does the other 23 come from?

Information from “Sexual Health / Sex Cells” in Wikipedia the free encyclopedia licensed under CC BY – SA 3.0 (Information has been modified)

Information from “The process of meiosis” at https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ licensed under CC BY 4.0 (Information has been modified)

Image found on pixabay licensed under CC0 1.0

CHROMOSOMES?

31 of 45

THE SPERM

“Spermatozoon (disc shaped head 5.1 µm by 3.1 µm and a tail 50 µm long)” by Karl – Ludwig Poggemann licensed under CC BY 2.0

The sperm is the male sexual reproduction cell (gamete)
Sperm are produced in the testicles
Sperm are much smaller than the female ova
Sperm contain a head, body and a tail
Sperm can be male (Y) or female (X)

(Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2019)

32 of 45

The head of the sperm is where the DNA is stored

The body of the sperm provides energy for it’s journey

The tail of the sperm propels it forward

Information from “11.67: Human Sperm” at https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/11.67/ licensed under CC BY-NC 3.0 (Information has been modified)

“File:201304 sperm.png” in Wikimedia Commons licensed under CC BY 4.0

“Figure 5.1: The structure of a sperm the male sex cell in Antenatal Care Module: 5. Fertilisation, Implantation and the Fetal and Placental Circulation licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Image has been modified)

THE SPERM

33 of 45

Within the female reproductive system, sperm move toward the fallopian tube
Their tails propel them forward
Sperm arrive at the ovum and finally one enters the egg - fertilisation
No more sperm can enter

Information from “Anatomy and physiology: Fertilisation” licensed under CC BY 4.0 (Information has been modified)

“Figure 5.2: Fertilisation of a human ovum” in Antenatal Care Module: 5 Fertilisation, Implantation and the Fetal and Placental Circulation licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

THE SPERM

34 of 45

Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tube.
The fertilised egg then travels down to the uterus
If it implants in the uterine wall it develops into an embryo/foetus.

Information from Antenatal Care Module: 5. Fertilisation, Implantation and the Fetal and Placental Circulation licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Information has been modified)

Image from Pixabay. No attribution required.

35 of 45

WHAT ABOUT TWINS?

Twins can either be identical or non - identical (fraternal)
Identical twins occur when a single egg is fertilised by a single sperm
Non-identical twins occur when two eggs are fertilised separately by two different sperm

“Zygote” in Fertilitypedia licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (Information has been modified)

“File:Identical-fraternal-sperm-egg.svg” by Trlkly is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

36 of 45

WHAT THE CATHOLIC CHURCH SAYS

“Every human being is unique because he or she was willed by God as an unrepeatable person, created out of love and redeemed with even greater love” (DOCAT, 2016, n. 54)

“Both men and women are human beings created in God’s image”

(YOUCAT, 2011, n. 401)

“God created man as male and female. He created them for each other and for love”

(YOUCAT, 2011, n. 400)

37 of 45

PREGNANCY & BIRTH

Pregnancy begins once implantation has taken place.
There are four stages to pregnancy with birth being the final stage.

Office on Women's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, �Accessed at https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy

“File:Maternity Curves.jpg” by Sean McGrath licensed under CC BY 2.0

38 of 45

STAGE 1: FIRST TRIMESTER 0-12 WEEKS

Implanted cells divide until approximately 8 weeks.
Until 8 weeks, the cells as a group are called an embryo. After this time and until birth, the developing baby is called a foetus.
Important structures such as the placenta and umbilical cord are built
Cells decide what body structures they belong to
The embryo begins to take on a human shape by the end of this stage

Information from “Human Physiology/Pregnancy and birth” licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (Information has been modified)

“Embryo week 9-10” by lunar caustic licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

- The implanting cells continue to divide until approximately 8 weeks.

- During this time, the cell mass is called an embryo

- The important structures are built during this time such as the placenta and umbilical cord. The placenta allows nutrients and waste products to move between the blood system of the mother and the blood system of the foetus. The placenta also provides protection for the foetus by filtering out many harmful substances that the mother comes in contact with. These may be alcohol, aspirin and chemicals in cigarette smoke. The umbilical cord is the connects the placenta and the foetus and helps it to get oxygen and nutrients.

- Cells begin to determine what body structures they belong to during this time

- The embryo begins to take on human shape by the end of this period

Information from “Human Physiology/Pregnancy and birth” licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (Information has been modified)

39 of 45

STAGE 2: SECOND TRIMESTER 13-28 WEEKS

Development happens quickly at this time
The foetus develops bones, produces urine and develops their gender
The foetus can hear noises from inside the uterus
The mother can feel the foetus moving
By the end of this stage, the foetus triples in length

Information from “Human Physiology/Pregnancy and birth” licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (Information has been modified)

“First baby pics” by Ben Askins licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

40 of 45

STAGE 3: THIRD TRIMESTER �29-40 WEEKS

The foetus practices breathing and regularly opens their eyes
There is ongoing development of vital systems and putting on of weight
By 40 weeks the baby may weigh up to 3kg and be 50cm long
The placenta protects the foetus with antibodies as the baby prepares to be born

Information from “Human Physiology/Pregnancy and birth” licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (Information has been modified)

Image found on Pixabay licensed under CC0 1.0

41 of 45

What are ways that babies can be born? �

Babies are typically born through the vagina. When the contractions of labor begin, the walls of the uterus start to contract (tighten). This is caused by the release of the hormone oxytocin. The contractions cause the cervix to widen and start to open. As labour keeps going, the amniotic sac can break, causing a slow or a fast gush of fluids. Labour usually starts within 24 hours after the amniotic sac has broken. As contractions become closer and stronger the cervix will gradually start to open more. The mother begins pushing to help in the birth of the baby. This part of labour can last minutes, or even hours. A fetus is usually delivered head first. Sometimes doctors may use forceps (equipment that supports the baby’s head) or a suction cap to help move the baby out of the birth canal.

Sometimes a baby needs to be born via c-section. This is when a regular birth is not possible or not safe for the mother or child. A c-section is when a small cut is made into the abdomen and the uterus is opened. The amniotic fluid is drained and the baby is delivered.

“Human physiology / pregnancy and birth” licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

42 of 45

QUESTIONS??

Ask now or come and see me after the session.
You can place questions in the box and they can be answered at a later time
Make sure to fill in any parts of your workbook that you are missing ☺

Image found on Pixabay licensed under CC0 1.0

43 of 45

REMEMBER….

We covered puberty, private body parts and reproduction (fertilisation, pregnancy and birth)
These are private conversations.

Image found on Pixabay licensed under CC0 1.0

44 of 45

Anatomy & Physiology. (n.d.). Fertilization. Retrieved 20 October 2017 from https://philschatz.com/anatomy-book/contents/m46308.html ��CK-12 Foundation. (2019). 11.67 Human Sperm. Retrieved 16 July 2019 from https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/11.67/?_sm_au_=iMV65n1D80J4qStHTFFcvK6f8240M ��Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2019). Sperm. [online] Retrieved 16 July 2019 from https://www.britannica.com/science/sperm ��Fertilitypedia. (n.d.). Zygote. Retrieved 17 July 2019 from https://fertilitypedia.org/edu/reproductive-cells/zygote# ��Lumen. (n.d.). The Process of Meiosis. Retrieved 16 July 2019 from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/biology1/chapter/the-process-of-meiosis/?_sm_au_=iMV65n1D80J4qStHTFFcvK6f8240M ��Meuser, B. (2016). Docat English: What to do? The social teaching of the Catholic Church . San Francisco, Calif: Ignatius Press.��Miller, M. J., & Benedict. (2011). Youcat English: Youth catechism of the Catholic Church. San Francisco, Calif: Ignatius Press.��Office on Women's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2019). Stages of Pregnancy. Retrieved 17 July 2019 from https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy?_sm_au_=iMV65n1D80J4qStHTFFcvK6f8240M ��

REFERENCES

45 of 45

REFERENCES

Rice University. (n.d.). 28.1 Fertilization. Retrieved 17 July 2019 from https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/28-1-fertilization/ ��Science Museum. (n.d.). Who am I? Retrieved 16 July 2019 from http://whoami.sciencemuseum.org.uk/whoami/findoutmore/yourbody/wheredidyoucomefrom/whatisfertilisation �� State of Queensland (Department of Education and Training). (2016). Lesson 4 Private body parts and body ownership. Retrieved 20 October 2017 from http://www.scootle.edu.au/ec/viewing/S5392/section-02/section-02.html ��The Open University. (2019). Antenatal Care Module: 5. Fertilisation, Implantation and the Fetal and Placental Circulation. Retrieved 17 July 2019 from https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=35&printable=1 ��Wikibooks. (2018). Human Physiology/Pregnancy and birth. Retrieved 17 July 2019 from https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Pregnancy_and_birth?_sm_au_=iMV65n1D80J4qStHTFFcvK6f8240M

Wikibooks. (2018). Sexual Health/Sex Cells. Retrieved 20 October 2017 from https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sexual_Health/Sex_Cells?_sm_au_=iMV65n1D80J4qStHTFFcvK6f8240M ��Wikipedia. (2018). Ovum. Retrieved 16 July 2019 from https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovum?_sm_au_=iMV65n1D80J4qStHTFFcvK6f8240M