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Leveraging the Latinx/e Student Voice for Institutional Change

Emilio Ulloa, PhD

Melissa Gonzalez, M.A.

Mariano Lozano, PhD student ,

Vanessa Barboza, M.A.,

San Diego State University

HACU’s 37th Annual Conference

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The Institutional Snapshot

  • Founded in 1897
  • Main Campus Located in San Diego, CA (~20 miles from US/Mexico Border with Tijuana)
  • Public, High research activity, enrollment ~36,000 students
  • Part of CSU system
  • SDSU Imperial Valley in Calexico, CA (on the US/Mexico Border with Mexicali) (~98% Hispanic/Latinx Students, enrollment <1,000)

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  • Latinx Students make up 34% of all students at SDSU.
  • Latinx Faculty make up 12% of all TT faculty at SDSU. (21% lecturers)
  • Latinx Employees make up 30% of all staff at SDSU.
  • Latinx Administrators make up 17% of all admin at SDSU.

San Diego county is ~33% Hispanic/Latinx

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Guiding Conceptual Frameworks

  • Latinx-Serving: Enrolls at least 25% Latinx students, produces an equitable number of outcomes for Latinx students and enacts a culture that enhances the educational and racial/ethnic experience of Latinx students (Garcia 2019. p. 29, 30)

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“HSI’s provide a place where Latinx students can feel linguistically, culturally, and racially connected to peers, faculty, and administrators” (Garcia, 2015).

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The Office of HSI Affairs

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Regularly assessing our institutional and experiential data to identify equity gaps in success and in lived experiences.

Actively seeking out opportunities to “center” Latinx/Hispanic/Chicanx experiences in the design and implementation of our systems, curriculum, policies, and procedures that benefit all.

Promoting, celebrating, and affirming Latinx/Hispanic/Chicanx culture in visible and tangible ways on campus.

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1. Latinx/Chicanx/Hispanic Representation, Recruitment, and Retention

2. HSI Student Success, Academic and Liberatory Outcomes

3. HSI Experiences @SDSU (experiences of HSI Students, Faculty, and Staff)

4. HSI Research, Granting, and Extramural Funding Activities

5. Community and Transborder Relations and Initiatives

6. Education and Scholarship on HSI’s

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Embedding and Amplification of Student Voice

Latinx Resource Center

Undocumented Resource Center

Latinx Student Organization Concilio

HSI Student Advisory Board

Latinx Student Experience Survey/Focus Groups

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Latinx Resource Center and

Undocumented Resource Center

  • Latinx Student Organization Concilio

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  • HSI Student Advisory Board
  • Surveys
  • Focus groups

Cultivation of Student Voice

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HSI Student Advisory Board

Tied to Office of HSI affairs

Recognized Student Organization

Connected to HSI Campus Advisory Committee

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Participant Questions (Think, Pair, Share)

If you could curate Latinx/e Student voice, what would you want to know?

Once you had this kind of student data, how would you leverage it for institutional change?

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Survey

Qualtrics survey was sent in the Spring 2022 to all students who identified as Hispanic/Latinx.

Total respondents (n=1070)

Purpose: To learn about the Latinx/e student perspectives.

  • Implementation of policies and procedures
  • Curriculum
  • Student success
  • SDSU climate
  • Financial resources and scholarships
  • Faculty Representation
  • Student success
  • Awareness of SDSU’s status as a Hispanic Serving Institution

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Survey Findings

  • 80% of respondents had not heard the term Hispanic Serving Institution (prior to coming to SDSU)
  • 69.5% of Latinx/Hispanic students did not know that SDSU was an HSI
  • More than half of respondents believe that SDSU Latinx students’ identity is supported/affirmed by the SDSU faculty
  • More than half of respondents believe that Latinx students have the same opportunities as other student groups to be successful at SDSU

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Student Voices on HSIs:

“Being an HSI means not only having a specific percentage of Hispanic students attending the institution, but also reflecting that percentage in the faculty/staff, as well as representing, celebrating, and affirming the Hispanic community on campus.”

“A place I feel I belong to, a place where students, faculty and staff reflect the demographics of Hispanics and Latin people in the city, a place that offers degrees and opportunities that serve Hispanic and Latin students.”

“An institution that should provide diverse, adequate services to all students because it's population is diverse. This should include recognizing where the majority of Hispanic students are located (IV) and work to improve the conditions of the campus, technology, services, resources, etc for those students.”

Curriculum and access

“As a Latinx student at SDSU who is biracial, I feel entirely unseen by many of these programs. SDSU, in spite of their best efforts, seems to fail in recognizing that a portion of their Hispanic/Latinx student body is from a multiracial household. Concerted efforts to include students like myself aren't made; until taking this survey, I had no idea that so many of these resources were available to me as a Latinx student.”

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Focus Groups

We conducted a total of four focus groups during the Spring 2022. A flyer was sent out to various Latinx-based student organizations and campus departments. Five session were conducted in-person, one via Zoom.

Purpose: To learn about the Latinx/e student perspectives.

  • Implementation of policies and procedures
  • Curriculum
  • Student success
  • SDSU climate
  • Financial resources and scholarships
  • Faculty Representation
  • Awareness of SDSU as a Hispanic Serving Institution

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Focus Groups Findings

Faculty Representation

Students largely expressed a need for more faculty representation. Some participants felt a strong sense of belonging and identity tied to language but noted that while there are self-identified Hispanic faculty members, SDSU as institution had little Spanish language/cultural representation.

Curriculum

Students shared that lack of representation in certain programs and/or campus overall negatively impacted their sense of belonging. Some students shared that not finding fellow students who look like them contributed to this lack of belonging.

HSI/Servingness

“For me Hispanic serving institution means that it's an educational institution that acknowledges the intersectionality of being Latinx/Hispanic. …there's so many additional identities to being Hispanic. Folks coming for Puerto Rican or Cuban are coming from Latin America, so many different places, so I think an aspect of improving that is acknowledging all of the different identities that are within the Hispanic”

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Cultural Identity

Linguistic identity was one factor in building a sense of cultural identity for SDSU students. When participants were asked about cultural identity, some shared that in certain spaces, listening to faculty members and fellow students speaking Spanish or talking about culturally significant things contributed to a sense of feeling at home.

“I think, being a Hispanic serving institution means that you welcome Hispanics like at the very least you welcome. I'm not saying support them or give them special treatment, but at least welcome them and, like we talked about, I don't think a lot of us feel welcomed. And we don't feel pride For being Hispanic. “ (Linguistic representation)

Financial Support/Information about financial aid

Students expressed mixed opinions about financial aid at SDSU. While some participants felt that the university was not doing a good job via email communication, and thought many students missed out on opportunities, others mentioned that they found out about grants and research funds via email.

“So a true Hispanic serving institution to me, sounds like it would be where Hispanic LatinX students are just as successful as everybody else. They're just not successful as White students, for example. Because there's a gap right, there's a gap there. They're not performing at the same level as White students…”

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Implications:

The rich data and personal experiences shared during the focus groups validated and provided more context to the findings from the quantitative survey. These conversations can serve as guidance as the institution makes efforts to be a true Hispanic Serving Institution. �Ideas for improvement include:

  • Promotion efforts of SDSU’s HSI status
  • Education of the term HSI
  • More intentionality in its commitment to fulfilling the HSI mission through effective communication and allocations of resources, intentional programing, and ensuring visible Latinx representation on campus

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Sense of belonging survey Spring/Summer 2023

Questions 13-25:

  • I identify as one of the following (Latinx Hispanic Chicanx Latine) Y/N
    • If yes then
  • As a (Chosen Identity) during my time at SDSU, so far, I have felt like I belong in my major.
  • As a (Chosen Identity) during my time at SDSU, so far, I have felt comfortable in my major at SDSU.
  • As a (Chosen Identity) During my time at SDSU, so far, I have felt close with other people in SDSU.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I feel like I really belong at San Diego State University.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I know how to do well academically at San Diego State University.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I know how to do well socially at San Diego State University.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I am similar to the kind of people who succeed at San Diego State University.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I feel I have a lot in common with people in my major at San Diego State University.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I feel there is a sense of community among people at SDSU.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I feel comfortable connecting with SDSU staff.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I feel comfortable connecting with SDSU faculty.
  • As a (Chosen Identity), I belong at San Diego State University.

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Survey findings

  • Mostly Full time (73%)
  • Mostly female (70%)
  • Mostly Commuter (75%)

  • Moderately high belonging M= 3.96/5
  • Moderately high sense of community M =3.52/5

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Findings cont.

Belonging is highest among

Latinx M= 4.44, Part-time students M= 4.15; Non-Commuters M = 4.03; ; Female M = 4.02;

Lowest among

Non binary students M = 3.33; Other Hispanic M = 3.33

Community is highest among

Non commuters M = 3.59 Latina/o M = 3.59

Lowest among

Graduate students M= 3.42; Non-Binary Students M = 3.00

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Results cont

Belonging M = 3.96

Ethnic Based Belonging M = 3.85

Community M= 3.52

Ethnic based Community M = 3.48

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Conclusions, implications, and unanswered questions

  • Latinx/Latine student engagement is critical. We constantly look for ways to:
    • Seek their thoughts, opinions, concerns
    • Elevate their voice
    • Secure them a seat at the table
  • Visibility, affirmation, and validation
    • Events like the social and the new faculty reception, make a big difference - they build community and sense of belonging

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Leveraging student voice for change

  • Legitimacy to have access for students to high level administrators
  • Students are guiding and shaping governance work (influenced HSI Campus Advisory Committee recs, influenced proposal for new ILO)
  • Students are partnering and taking lead in programming to meet our goals (e.g., Mental Health, Social, Welcome, Pachanga)
  • Students are contributing to education and awareness efforts (e.g. tabling, orientations, canvas course)

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Conclusions, implications, and unanswered questions

  • Logistics/Questions to consider
    • How often should this research be conducted?
    • Resources needed: Staff, funding for incentives, etc.
    • If resources are cut, what are innovative ways to help us continue these initiatives (how do we plan for sustainability)?

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Participant question: (Think pair Share)

What are your main takeaways from this information?

What implications can we draw based on the input we have gathered from our students?

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Participant question: (Think Pair Share)

What is one way your campus is curating Latinx/e student voice? What could your campus do in the future to further curate Latinx/e student voice?

What can your campus do to leverage student voice for institutional change?

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?

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What other questions do you have?

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Thank You

Gracias!

Don’t forget

to fill out the

session feedback

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Emilio Ulloa: https://www.linkedin.com/in/emilio1ulloa/

Melissa Gonzalez: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gonzalez-melissa/

Vanessa Barboza:

https://www.linkedin.com/in/vanessa-rae-barboza/

https://sacd.sdsu.edu/hispanic-serving-institution