Compounds of Nitrogen-Nitro compounds

B.Sc Sem IV

Mrs, Deepshikha

Assoc. Prof.

Chemistry Department

Nitro compounds are an important class of organic compounds that are recognized by the presence of one or more nitro functional groups (NO2) bonded directly to the carbon of the hydrocarbon chain or aromatic ring.

Nitro Compounds

Nitro compounds are explosive in nature, especially when they contain more than one nitro group. It is because of this reason nitro group has often been classified as explosophore group

Nitro compounds are considered to be derivatives of hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by nitro group

They are further classified as aliphatic or aromatic nitro compounds, depending upon whether the nitro group is bonded to an alkyl or aryl group.

Example: RNO2​  (R is any alkyl group)

Ar−NO2​ (Ar is any aryl group).

Nitro group is considered to be a resonance hybrid (III) of two equivalent canonical structures I and II

The sigma bond skeleton of nitro group involves the use of three sp2 hybrid orbital on nitrogen, forming three sigma bonds-one with the carbon of the alkyl group and two with the oxygen atoms. But nitrogen still has one unhybridized p orbital with an unshared electron pair and each oxygen atom also have one half filled p orbital. These three orbtials overlap sideways producing a delocalized π molecular orbital, which encompasses all the three atom

Methods of Preparations

(a) Preparation of nitroalkanes

(i) From saturated hydrocarbons: Alkanes react with nitric acid or dinitro tetraoxide in liquid or vapour phase to form nitro derivatives. Hence the reaction is called vapour phase nitration

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When higher alkanes are nitrated, mixtures of nitroalkanes including those formed by the rupture of carbon-carbon bond are also obtained.

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tained

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As nitroalkanes are chiefly used as industrial solvents, as a result this method is widely used for the commercial production of nitroalkanes as the mixture of nitroalkanes formed can be separated by fractional distillation.

FROM ALKYL HALIDES

FROM TERTIARY AMINES –OXIDATION WITH

PREPARATION OF NITROARENES

Physical Properties of nitro compounds

Tautomerism in Nitro compounds

Chemical properties of Nitro compounds

Acidic Nature

Chemical properties of Nitro compounds

Cemical reactions of nitroalkanes

Reduction

ACIDIC MEDIUM

NEUTRAL MEDIUM

Catalytic Reduction

Electrolytic Reduction

BASIC MEDIUM

HYDROLYSIS

Reaction with Nitrous acid

Halogenation

THANKS