Debate 101�Teacher’s Edition�Slide Set

August 2017

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Toulmin Model

Toulmin Model for Debate

Tag: A brief summary of the argument made in the evidence

Citation: Author & source of evidence

Text of Card: The entire section of evidence that makes our argument. We highlight/underline the portions we actually read, but keep all of the context. ��Q: Why is keeping the context so important?

Anatomy of a “Card”

Flowing

A system of note taking used in debate rounds to:�

• Keep track of our arguments
• Keep track of opponents arguments
• Organize arguments throughout the round
• Understand key elements of the round

Reciprocity Activator

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Answer the following questions based on the cartoon:

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• How would you define “reciprocity?”

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• Is reciprocity different than equality?

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• Is reciprocity fair?

Speech Types & Definitions

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Constructive

• 8 min long
• Builds (“constructs”) each teams arguments
• New arguments may be introduced

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Rebuttal

• 5 min long
• Narrows arguments down to the BEST arguments
• Refutes (“rebuts”) your opponents best arguments

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Cross Examination

• Ask clarifying question
• Ask questions that set up your future arguments

Speech Order & Roles

1^st Affirmative Constructive (1AC) – Establishes the Aff case. Entirely pre-written.

Cross Examination (CX) – the 2N asks clarifying/strategic questions of the 1A.

1^st Negative Constructive (1NC) – Establishes the Neg case and answers the 1AC. Entirely pre-written.

CX – the 1A asks clarifying/strategic questions of the 1N.

2^nd Affirmative Constructive (2AC) – Extends the arguments from the 1AC & responds to the 1NC. Uses blocks & evidence prepared in advance along with new analytic arguments.

CX – the 1N asks clarifying/strategic questions of the 2A.

2^nd Negative Constructive (2NC) – Extends 2/3 of the Neg arguments developing more in depth responses to the Aff.

CX – the 2A asks clarifying/strategic questions of the 2N.

1^st Negative Rebuttal (1NR) – Extends the rest of the Neg arguments developing more in depth responses to the Aff.

1^st Affirmative Rebuttal (1AR) – Picks and chooses the best remaining arguments to answer all of the Neg arguments.

2^nd Negative Rebuttal (2NR) – Picks their best strategy for defeating the Aff and tries to preempt the final Aff speech.

2^nd Affirmative Rebuttal (2AR) – Responds to the 2NR while articulating the most persuasive reason to vote Aff.

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Prep Time – 8 minutes per team to use how they wish. �

Stock Issues

• Significance: The problem we are talking about is important
• Harms: There is a problem
• Inherency: The government is not solving the problem now
• Attitudinal
• Legislative
• Existential
• Solvency: The plan solves the problem(s) we’ve identified
• Topicality: The plan is part of the resolution we are supposed to be talking about

Advantages

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• Advantages: Additional positive things (externalities) the plan results in beyond fixing our original problem.

Being Negative

Link Defense

Impact Defense

Link Turn

Impact Turn

The Disad Cliff: Part 1

Uniqueness: If everything stays the same, our hero is fine.

Brink: The point of no return, or in this instance, the edge of the cliff.

Impact: the bad thing we will avoid if we keep everything the same.

The Disad Cliff: Part 2

Link: Something has changed and is pushing our hero to danger.

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Internal Link: steps between link & impact

Parts of a Disadvantage (DA)

Disadvantage: An Off-Case position run by the negative that argues that even if the Affirmative is a good idea it starts a chain of events that are so bad they outweigh the reasons to vote affirmative.

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Parts of a DA

• Uniqueness: The Status Quo is fine and things will continue to be fine as long as we stay the course.
• Link: The affirmative starts a chain of events that makes us less safe.
• Internal link(s): Steps in the chain to the brink (there may be one or more than one).
• Brink: The point at which the impact is inevitable.
• Impact: The bad thing that will happen if we move away from the Status Quo.