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Cellular Respiration

How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

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Flowchart

Section 9-2

Glucose�(C6H1206)

+

Oxygen�(02)

Glycolysis

Krebs�Cycle

Electron�Transport�Chain

Carbon

Dioxide

(CO2)

+

Water

(H2O)

+

ATP

Cellular Respiration

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Figure 9–3 Glycolysis

Glucose

To the electron transport chain

2 Pyruvic acid

Glycolysis

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  • Where→ Cytoplasm
  • No O2 required
  • Energy Yield→ net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP
  • 6-C glucose → TWO 3-C pyruvic acid
  • NAD+ → NADH

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Summary

  • In

Glucose (6-C)

2 ATP

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  • Out

2 pyruvate; 2(3-C)

2NADH

a net of 2 ATP

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Questions

  • Where does glycolysis take place?
  • Glycolysis energy yield?
  • Breaks glucose into TWO ________.

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Krebs Cycle Part 1

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The three carbon Pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria and one carbon breaks off from it and attaches to an oxygen forming CO2.

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Then NAD+ grabs two electrons and a H+ from Pyruvic acid and forms NADH.

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Last, Coenzyme A attaches to the two carbon molecule forming Acetyl CoA.

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Kreb Cycle Part II

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The Krebs cycle begins when acetyl-CoA combines with a four-carbon molecule called OAA (oxaloacetate)

producing citric acid.

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Results of the Krebs Cycle

  • 2 ATP
  • 8 NADH
  • 2 FADH2

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ETC

  • Where→ inner membrane of mitochondria
  • Energy Yield→ Total of 32 ATP
  • O2 combines with TWO H+ to form H2O

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 Electron Transport Chain

Section 9-2

Electron Transport

Hydrogen Ion Movement

ATP Production

ATP synthase

Channel

Inner

Membrane

Matrix

Intermembrane

Space

Mitochondrion

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Summary

Glucose

Glycolysis

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid

Electrons carried in NADH

Krebs Cycle

Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2

Electron Transport Chain

Mitochondrion

Mitochondrion

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Total ENERGY Yield

  • Glycolysis→ 2 ATP
  • Krebs Cycle→ 2 ATP
  • ETC → 32 ATP

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  • Total→ 36 ATP

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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

  • Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen
    • Simple
    • fast
    • produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP)
  • Aerobic requires oxygen
    • Yields large amounts of energy
    • What is this energy molecule?
      • ATP, ATP, ATP

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Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen

  • Anaerobic Respiration
  • NO Additional ATP is Formed

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  • NO O2 leads to Fermentation
    • Two Types
      • Lactic Acid Fermentation
      • Alcoholic Fermentation

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

  • bacteria, plants and most animals

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  • After glycolysis→
    • 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid

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  • Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise

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Alcoholic Fermentation

  • Bacteria and fungi (yeast)

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  • Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products

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  • Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages
  • Also used to raise dough, bread

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Cellular Respiration Review

  • Three Main Stages
    • Glycolysis (2 ATP)
    • Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP)
    • Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

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Figure 9–3 Glycolysis

Glucose

To the electron transport chain

Glycolysis:

Step 1

2 Pyruvic acid

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Figure 9–3 Glycolysis

Glucose

To the electron transport chain

Section 9-1

2 Pyruvic acid

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Figure 9–3 Glycolysis

Glucose

To the electron transport chain

Section 9-1

2 Pyruvic acid

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The Krebs Cycle: Step 2

Citric Acid Production

Section 9-2

Mitochondrion

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Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle

Citric Acid Production

Section 9-2

Mitochondrion

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 Electron Transport Chain: Step 3

Section 9-2

Electron Transport

Hydrogen Ion Movement

ATP Production

ATP synthase

Channel

Inner

Membrane

Matrix

Intermembrane

Space

Mitochondrion

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