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Mental Health

Behavioral and Emotional Disorders

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Types of Mental Illnesses

Anxiety Disorders

Childhood Disorders

Eating Disorders

Mood Disorders

Cognitive Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia & Other Psychotic disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

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Famous People w/ Mental Disorder

Drew Carey- Depression
Winston Churchill- Bipolar
Charles Dickens- Clinical Depression
Ernest Hemmingway- Suicidal Depression
Abraham Lincoln- Severe Depression
John Forbes Nash- Schizophrenia
Theodore Roosevelt- Bipolar
Ted Turner- Bipolar
Van Gogh and Beethoven- Bipolar

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Mental Illness: Facts and Numbers

One in four adults – approximately 57.7 million Americans – experience a mental health disorder in a given year.
About 6 percent, or 1 in 17 Americans suffer from a serious mental illness.
About 1 and 5 families are impacted by mental illness in America.
Half of all lifetime cases of mental illness begin by age 14, three-quarters by age 24.

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Causes of Mental Disorders

Heredity
Childhood/Recent Events
Physical Health Problems- infection/disease
Injury
Environmental Conditions
Stress
Drugs

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Behavioral and Emotional Disorders

Types of Treatment Available:

Psychotherapy:

Designed to help you recall unconscious conflicts; helps you to release their hold on you.

Cognitive Therapy:

Based on the idea that erroneous thoughts cause unhappy feelings.

Behavioral Therapy:

Based on the idea you learn to behave in certain ways because you have been rewarded in the past for doing so.

Group/Family Therapy:

Entire group has the same problem; group shows that other people share the same problems.

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Behavioral and Emotional Disorders:

Types of Treatment Available (continued):

Drug Therapy:

Mood regulating drugs are effective in treating a wide range of symptoms.

Biofeedback:

A term used to describe methods that measure specific body responses.

Relaxation Treatment:

A form of stress management.

Electroconvulsive Therapy:

Used to treat severe depression.
Two electrodes are placed on the scalp and a small current is passed through the electrodes; a seizure usually results.

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Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Performance Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Disorder
Phobias
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Self Injury - cutters

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Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders – a condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control.

Possible Causes:

heredity
brain chemistry
personality
life experiences

Heredity and anxiety disorders:�There is clear evidence that anxiety disorders run in families. Studies show that if one identical twin has an anxiety disorder, the second twin is more likely to have an anxiety disorder than non-identical (fraternal) twins. These findings suggest that a genetic factor, possibly activated in combination with life experiences, predisposes some people to these disorders.

Brain chemistry and anxiety disorders:�Because symptoms of anxiety disorders are often relieved by medications that alter levels of chemicals in the brain, scientists believe that brain chemistry appears to play a role in the onset of anxiety disorders.

Personality and anxiety disorders:�Researchers believe that personality may play a role in the development of an anxiety disorder, noting that people who have low self-esteem and poor coping skills may be more prone. Conversely, an anxiety disorder that begins in childhood may itself contribute to the development of low self-esteem.

Life experiences and anxiety disorders:�advertisement�Researchers believe that the relationship between anxiety disorders and long-term exposure to abuse, violence, or poverty is an important area for further study, as life experiences may affect an individual's susceptibility to these disorders.

Sometimes anxiety may be caused by using street drugs like amphetamines, LSD or Ecstasy. Even the caffeine in coffee can be enough to make some of us feel uncomfortably anxious!

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Mood Disorders

Mood disorders are mental disorders characterized by periods of depression, sometimes alternating with periods of elevated mood.
Causes

complex imbalances in the brain's chemical activity
environmental factors can play a part

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Mood Disorders

Depression:

Many people experience depressed moods, or a period of normal sadness, after a loss.
One in five adults experience severe depression.

Depression is caused by:

After a death of a loved one.
For no apparent reason.
Major transitions in life (divorce, advancing from adolescence to adulthood).

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Depression

People who suffer from depression include:

People under severe stress.
People w/ depressed family members (genetic link).
People w/ psychological disorders.
People w/ severe physical disorders.
People taking medicines.

Gender gap:

women are twice as likely as men to suffer from both mild and major depression.

Postpartum Depression
Menstrual period sometimes causes depression.
Men are less likely to seek treatment.

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Depression (continued)

Symptoms:

Feelings of despair, guilt, self worthlessness, no hope for the future, contemplate suicide
Withdraw from people and society
Unable to concentrate

Physical symptoms include:

loss of appetite
insomnia/fatigue
backache/headache/upset stomach/constipation

Treatments:

Psychotherapy
Drugs (antidepressants: SSRIs/MAOIs/HCAs).

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Bipolar Disorder

Periods of depression alternate w/ periods of hyperactivity and uncontrolled elation (mania).

5.7 million Americans or 2.6% of population age 18 and older

One in four people attempt suicide; one in ten are successful w/ their attempt.

Heredity/environment play a role in bipolar disorder.

Symptoms:

Manic phase includes:

cheerful, full of energy.
person gets out of control--spending money wildly; takes on huge projects that are never completed; believes they’re powerful people.

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Bipolar Disorder

Symptoms:

Mania turns to irritability, rage, and paranoia.
Alcohol/drug abuse, loss of job, possible divorce may result.
About 10-20% of sufferers develop “rapid cycling” (four or more episodes per year).

Treatment Options:

Seek treatment immediately.
Psychotherapy
Lithium is the drug of choice.

prevents the mania and lessens the depression.

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Bipolar Disorder

Treatment (continued)

Lithium has side effects.

weight gain, drowsiness, frequent urination, thirsty.
can injure the kidneys, thyroid gland

Lithium is not a cure.
In the early stages of mania the victim may be prescribed antipsychotic drugs.
Anticonvulsant (divalproex) may be prescribed if the mood cycle is very rapid.
In rare cases, electroconvulsive therapy may be used

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Feelings of apprehension that occur for no specific reason (last at least one month).

Symptoms:

heart beats faster, breathing becomes faster (hyperventilation), hands tremble, perspire more.

Physical symptoms include:

upset stomach, headache, and general aches and pain.

Treatments:

Benzodiazepine drugs (short term).
Antidepressants/Antianxiety drugs (buspirone).
Psychotherapy.

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Performance Anxiety

Occurs when a person has to make speech, take an examination, or make a public appearance.

Symptoms:

rapid heartbeat, excessive perspiration, trembling (hands or voice), difficulty in concentrating.

Treatment:

Cognitive/Behavioral therapy (learn to relax and to cope w/ the situation.
Beta-blocking medicines are used to control the physical symptoms.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Compulsive rituals or actions that are repeated over and over (take over a person’s life).

Symptoms:

Counting every step while walking.
Constantly cleaning one’s hands or one’s living space.

Treatment:

Psychotherapy.
Heterocyclic Antidepressants.
SSRIs.

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Panic Disorder

Sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety for no apparent reason.

Attacks can occur several times a day.
Runs in the family.
Usually involves personal loss, major change, or illness.

Symptoms:

At least four of the following symptoms occur in a person:

Pounding heartbeat, sweating, trembling, difficulty breathing, choking sensations, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, fear of dying or going crazy, chills, hot flashes, feelings of unreality, numbness or tingling in the extremities.

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Panic Disorder (continued)

Symptoms (continued):

Constant anxiety about having another panic attack.
Significant behavior change (avoiding certain situations or relying on alcohol or other drugs).

Treatments:

Psychotherapy/Medications

Antianxiety Drugs.
Antidepressant Drugs.

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Phobias

Irrational sense of fear when a person is confronted by a common object, activity, or situation, leading the person to avoid the thing that is feared.

Most common form of anxiety (5-13% of all Americans are affected).

Symptoms:

sudden, persistent, and irrational panic; dread, horror, or terror when confronted w/ the object or situation.
Agoraphobia, Acrophobia, Claustrophobia.

Treatment= Desensitization/Exposure Therapy

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Involves people who have survived traumatic events such as natural disaster, war, physical or sexual assault, and severe illness.

Prisoners of War and concentration camp survivors are most affected (47-50%).

Symptoms:

People may relive the distressing event repeatedly in thoughts, dreams, or flashbacks.

Treatment:

Psychotherapy
Antidepressants

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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

People experience sadness, depression, and fatigue that comes on in late fall and subsides in the spring.

Caused by lack of sunlight.

Over 10 million Americans are affected (women outnumber men by a 4 to 1 ratio.

Symptoms include:

headaches, increased appetite, loss of interest in activities, excessive sleep, irritability, unable to concentrate.

Treatment= Antidepressant Drugs (SSRI)

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Self-Injury

An unhealthy way to cope with emotions, stress, or traumatic events
Self-injury can be a symptom of a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or eating disorder
Most people aren’t attempting suicide, but it is done to feel better in a situation

Some people may attempt suicide, but this is due to emotional problems and not the cutting itself

Occurs most often in young women, but can occur in young men
Methods

Cutting or making scratches on the body using sharp objects to bleed (razor, scissor, pin, glass)
Burning body with a lighter, matches, or cigarettes

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Types of Personality Disorders

Paranoid
Schizoid
Antisocial
Borderline
Narcissistic
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-Compulsive

Paranoid personality disorder is a psychiatric is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by paranoia is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by paranoia characterized by a pervasive and long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. (DSM-IV) For a person's personality to be considered a personality disorder, an enduring pattern of characteristic maladaptive behaviors, thinking and personality traits must be present from the onset of adolescence or early adulthood. Additionally, these behaviors, traits and thinking must be present to the extent that they cause significant difficulties in relationships, employment and other facets of functioning.

Those with paranoid personality disorder are hypersensitive, are easily slighted, and habitually relate to the world by vigilant scanning of the environment for clues or suggestions to validate their prejudicial ideas or biases. They tend to be guarded and suspicious and have quite constricted emotional lives. Their incapacity for meaningful emotional involvement and the general pattern of isolated withdrawal often lend a quality of schizoid isolation to their life experience. [1]

Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is a personality disorder (SPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, and emotional coldness.[1] (SPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, and emotional coldness.[1] SPD is reasonably rare compared with other personality disorders. Its prevalence is estimated at less than 1% of the general population.[2]�Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a mental disorder) is a mental disorder defined by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: "The essential feature for the diagnosis is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood."[1]: "The essential feature for the diagnosis is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood."[1] Deceit and manipulation are considered essential features of the disorder. Therefore it is essential in making the diagnosis to collect material from sources other than the individual being diagnosed. Also, the individual must be age 18 or older as well as have a documented history of a conduct disorder: "The essential feature for the diagnosis is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood."[1] Deceit and manipulation are considered essential features of the disorder. Therefore it is essential in making the diagnosis to collect material from sources other than the individual being diagnosed. Also, the individual must be age 18 or older as well as have a documented history of a conduct disorder before the age of 15.[1]

Borderline personality disorder (DSM-IV Personality Disorders 301.83[1]) (BPD) is a psychiatric diagnosis) is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a long-term disturbance of personality function) is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a long-term disturbance of personality function. It is one of four related diagnoses classified as cluster B ("dramatic-erratic") personality disorders typified by disturbance in impulse control and emotional dysregulation) is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a long-term disturbance of personality function. It is one of four related diagnoses classified as cluster B ("dramatic-erratic") personality disorders typified by disturbance in impulse control and emotional dysregulation, the others being narcissistic) is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a long-term disturbance of personality function. It is one of four related diagnoses classified as cluster B ("dramatic-erratic") personality disorders typified by disturbance in impulse control and emotional dysregulation, the others being narcissistic, histrionic) is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a long-term disturbance of personality function. It is one of four related diagnoses classified as cluster B ("dramatic-erratic") personality disorders typified by disturbance in impulse control and emotional dysregulation, the others being narcissistic, histrionic, and antisocial personality disorders.

Disturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in moodDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splittingDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationshipsDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-imageDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identityDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behaviorDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in the individual's sense of selfDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in the individual's sense of self. In extreme cases, this disturbance in the sense of self can lead to periods of dissociationDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in the individual's sense of self. In extreme cases, this disturbance in the sense of self can lead to periods of dissociation.[2]Disturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in the individual's sense of self. In extreme cases, this disturbance in the sense of self can lead to periods of dissociation.[2] These disturbances have a pervasive negative impact on many or all of the psychosocial facets of life. This includes the ability to maintain relationships in work, home, and social settings. Common comorbidDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in the individual's sense of self. In extreme cases, this disturbance in the sense of self can lead to periods of dissociation.[2] These disturbances have a pervasive negative impact on many or all of the psychosocial facets of life. This includes the ability to maintain relationships in work, home, and social settings. Common comorbid conditions are "Axis I" disorders such as substance abuse, depression and other mood disordersDisturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in the individual's sense of self. In extreme cases, this disturbance in the sense of self can lead to periods of dissociation.[2] These disturbances have a pervasive negative impact on many or all of the psychosocial facets of life. This includes the ability to maintain relationships in work, home, and social settings. Common comorbid conditions are "Axis I" disorders such as substance abuse, depression and other mood disorders. Attempted suicide and completed suicide are possible outcomes without proper care and effective therapy.[3]Disturbances suffered by those with borderline personality disorder are wide-ranging. The general profile of the disorder typically includes a pervasive instability in mood; extreme "black and white" thinking, or "splitting"; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in the individual's sense of self. In extreme cases, this disturbance in the sense of self can lead to periods of dissociation.[2] These disturbances have a pervasive negative impact on many or all of the psychosocial facets of life. This includes the ability to maintain relationships in work, home, and social settings. Common comorbid conditions are "Axis I" disorders such as substance abuse, depression and other mood disorders. Attempted suicide and completed suicide are possible outcomes without proper care and effective therapy.[3] Onset of symptoms typically occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, which persist for about a decade; while this period can be trying on the patient, their support system and their therapists, the majority of cases lessen in severity over time.[3]

As with other mental disorders, the causes of BPD are complex.[4]As with other mental disorders, the causes of BPD are complex.[4] The most consistent finding in the search for causation in the disorder is a history of childhood trauma (possibly child sexual abuseAs with other mental disorders, the causes of BPD are complex.[4] The most consistent finding in the search for causation in the disorder is a history of childhood trauma (possibly child sexual abuse),[5]As with other mental disorders, the causes of BPD are complex.[4] The most consistent finding in the search for causation in the disorder is a history of childhood trauma (possibly child sexual abuse),[5] although some researchers have suggested other possible causes, such as a genetic predisposition, environmental factors or brain abnormalities.[4]As with other mental disorders, the causes of BPD are complex.[4] The most consistent finding in the search for causation in the disorder is a history of childhood trauma (possibly child sexual abuse),[5] although some researchers have suggested other possible causes, such as a genetic predisposition, environmental factors or brain abnormalities.[4] Neurobiological research has highlighted some abnormalities in serotonin metabolism. The incidence has been calculated as 2% of the population,[6] with women three times more likely to suffer the disorder.

The mainstay of treatment are various forms of psychotherapy. In general, medication is used for symptomatic relief, particularly to assist with affect regulation.

The term borderline derives from Adolph Stern who in 1938 described the condition as being on the borderline between neurosis derives from Adolph Stern who in 1938 described the condition as being on the borderline between neurosis and psychosis derives from Adolph Stern who in 1938 described the condition as being on the borderline between neurosis and psychosis. Because the term lacks specificity, there is an ongoing debate concerning whether this disorder should be renamed.[

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), is a personality disorder (NPD), is a personality disorder defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (NPD), is a personality disorder defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV-R), the diagnostic classification system used in the United States (NPD), is a personality disorder defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV-R), the diagnostic classification system used in the United States, as "a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and a lack of empathy (NPD), is a personality disorder defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV-R), the diagnostic classification system used in the United States, as "a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and a lack of empathy."[1]

The narcissist is thought to lack proper (external) egoThe narcissist is thought to lack proper (external) ego functioning. Narcissistic personality disorder and its derivatives can be caused by excessive praise and criticism in childhood, particularly that from parental figures. Narcissistic personality disorder is frequently mistaken for self-centeredness.

Avoidant personality disorder (APD or AvPD)[1] or Anxious personality disorder (APD),[2] (APD),[2] is a personality disorder (APD),[2] is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive (APD),[2] is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation and avoidance of social interaction. People with avoidant personality disorder often consider themselves to be socially inept or personally unappealing, and avoid social interaction for fear of being ridiculed, humiliated, rejected or disliked. They typically present themselves as loners and report feeling a sense of alienation from society.

Avoidant personality disorder is usually first noticed in early adulthood, and is associated with perceived or actual rejection by parent or peers during childhood. Whether the feeling of rejection is due to the extreme interpersonal monitoring attributed to people with the disorder is still disputed.

Dependent personality disorder (DPD), formerly known as asthenic personality disorder, is a personality disorder, is a personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. The difference between a 'dependent personality' and a 'dependent personality disorder' is somewhat subjective, which makes a diagnosis sensitive to cultural influences, is a personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. The difference between a 'dependent personality' and a 'dependent personality disorder' is somewhat subjective, which makes a diagnosis sensitive to cultural influences such as gender role expectations

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), or anankastic personality disorder, is a personality disorder, is a personality disorder that is characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, is a personality disorder that is characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, moral code, is a personality disorder that is characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, moral code, and/or excessive orderliness. People with OCPD may hoard money for future use, keep their home perfectly organized, or be anxious about delegating tasks for fear that they won't be completed correctly. There are four primary areas that cause anxiety for OCPD personalities: time, relationship, uncleanliness, and money. There are few moral, is a personality disorder that is characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, moral code, and/or excessive orderliness. People with OCPD may hoard money for future use, keep their home perfectly organized, or be anxious about delegating tasks for fear that they won't be completed correctly. There are four primary areas that cause anxiety for OCPD personalities: time, relationship, uncleanliness, and money. There are few moral grey areas for a person with fully developed OCPD; actions and beliefs are either completely right, or absolutely wrong. As might be expected, interpersonal relationships are difficult because of the excessive demands placed on friends, romantic partners and children.

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Schizophrenia & other Psychotic Disorders

Common Symptoms:

Psychosis
Delusions
Hallucinations

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Types

Schizophrenia
Delusional Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder

About 2.4 million Americans, or 1.1% of the adult population lives with schizophrenia.

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Psychoses Diseases

Known as thought disorders; characterized by gross distortions of reality.

A psychotic person will often have:

Delusions:

Fixed beliefs that are false; he or she believes they’re the President or some important figure.

Hallucinations:

Hearing or seeing things that are not real.

Schizophrenia is a psychoses disease.

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Schizophrenia--Psychoses Disease

Severe mental illness characterized by delusions and hallucinations.

Usually starts during teen years or young adult years (affects only 1% of the entire world population).

Three Classifications of Schizophrenia:

1. Paranoid Schizophrenia:

person is being persecuted; delusions of grandiose.

2. Catatonic Schizophrenia:

stops moving and talking and then becomes excitable.

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Schizophrenia (continued)

3. Disorganized Schizophrenia:

Person is incoherent; person shows inappropriate emotions or expressionless.

Cause of schizophrenia is not known.

A child born of two schizophrenia parents has a 40% chance of becoming schizophrenic (avg... risk is 1%).

Brain produces too much of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Symptoms:

Social w/drawal; deterioration of performance at work or school; delusions of grandeur; hear voices commanding them to do something.

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Schizophrenia (continued)

Treatment Options:

Antipsychotic Drugs

Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine

Remains an illness that cannot always be treated successfully.

Sometimes a person w/ schizophrenia has to be stabilized in a hospital against his or her own will.

Side Effects of the Antipsychotic Drugs:

Short Term= Dry mouth, blurred vision, difficulty in urinating.
Long Term= Tardive Dyskinesia (movement disorder).

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Behavioral and Emotional Disorders

Substance Addiction and Abuse:

People who engage in substance abuse initially have control of their lifestyle.
Once they have become addicted, they are unable to control their use of addicting substances (nicotine, alcohol, heroin, etc,).
Addiction is a physical dependence on a chemical substance.
This dependence leads to unpleasant symptoms, called withdrawal (when a person stops using the substance).
Alcohol/Tobacco are the most abused drugs.

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Behavioral and Emotional Disorders (continued)

Compulsive Gambling:

Brain releases a neurotransmitter (much like working out) when gambling on a person or event.
The number of compulsive gamblers has risen dramatically in the United States in the past 20 years.
Compulsive gambler shirks daily responsibilities and loved ones; sells personal property to finance their bets; lie to hide their losses; and engage in illegal activity to support their habit.
Compulsive gamblers often have other psychiatric problems (must convince person to seek treatment).
Treatment= Psychotherapy/Gamblers Anonymous

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Eating Disorders

Anorexia

Constant dieting: to little eating: to no eating
Affects CNS-Depression-Death

Bulimia

Binges on food, then purging
Teeth, Heart Muscle, Glands

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Recognize the problem first, can be the hardest first step
Psychiatrist
Medical doctor, can prescribe medicine
Psychologist, usually a Ph.D. in field
Social Worker, usually a master’s degree
Group therapy

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Mentally Healthy People:
Feel okay about themselves
Feel okay about others
Are able to meet the demands of life

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Mental image you have of yourself
An anorexic person may see themselves as fat, but really weighs only 80 pounds
A person who scores 29 on the ACT thinks they are stupid
It can be changed!!!!

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Is your pride and acceptance of yourself
It is your sense of personal worth
Your self-esteem development begins at birth and is constantly affected by parents, culture, media and friends

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Learn to accept yourself, weaknesses and strengths
Use positive self-talk
Use I statements
Get involved either in school or in your community
Act with integrity with your belief system, not someone else’s

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Individual’s unique pattern of characteristics
Heredity
Environment
Culture
Self-Concept

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Feelings inside you
Born with them
Universal
Sometimes you may feel as though you can’t control your emotions, but can you?
Develop under the influence of our parents, friends and environment

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