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WATER & CLIMATE

UNDERSTANDING EARTH SYSTEMS WATER SYSTEMS

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PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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HEIGHTENING HEAT CAPACITY

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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PREDICT

P

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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PREDICT

P

IF/THEN STATEMENT

IF…

If we heat up each balloon,

THEN…

then ????.

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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OBSERVE

O

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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EXPLAIN

E

  1. Why were the results different?
  2. How is the concept of heat capacity involved in this demonstration?

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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WEATHER

VS

CLIMATE

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?

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WEATHER

the day-to-day environmental conditions in a specific place at a specific time

an average of the weather patterns in an area over an extended period of time

CLIMATE

(temperate, tropical, polar)

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Earth absorbs energy that �is radiated by the sun

  • it warms during the day
    • (when the sun’s rays hit the surface)
  • it cools at night
    • (when they don’t)

​

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TEMPERATURE NIGHT VS DAY

in areas that don’t have much moisture (e.g. a desert), �the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures is very extreme

  • the daytime highs are very hot and the nighttime lows are very cold

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TEMPERATURE NIGHT VS DAY

in areas that have a lot of water (e.g. near lakes), the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures is much less extreme

  • the water moderates the change in temperature

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EXTREME DIFFERENCE

MODERATE DIFFERENCE

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HIGH HEAT CAPACITY

  • water has this moderating effect because it has a high heat capacity

a measure of the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount

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HIGH HEAT CAPACITY

  • the higher the heat capacity of a substance, the more thermal energy it can store
    • substances with a high heat capacity take a long time to heat up and take a long time to cool down

a measure of the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount

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LAKE ONTARIO

JUNE

FREEZING

JULY

FREEZING

AUGUST

SO NICE!

SEPTEMBER

FREEZING

MRSTAV

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HIGH HEAT CAPACITY

  • because of its high heat capacity, water acts as a HEAT SINK
    • something that absorbs heat but does not heat up much as a result

​

a measure of the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount

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Heating Water In A Pot

  1. Particles at the bottom get heated first
  2. Addition of heat = increase in movement
  3. Colder particles fall (they’re more dense) and fill those spaces
  4. Those particles then get heated
  5. Those heated particles = increase in movement

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Convection

CONVECTION CURRENT

HOT WATER (less dense)

RISES

COOLER WATER (more dense)

SINKS

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CONVECTION CURRENTS

this also creates CONVECTION CURRENTS called sea (or lake) breezes and land breezes

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SEA BREEZE

LAND BREEZE

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During the day, the sun shines on the land and the water

​

  • the land (lower heat capacity) heats up quickly
  • the water (higher heat capacity) heats up slowly

​

  • the air over the warm land rises, creating a low pressure zone which
  • the cool air from the water fill in (creating the breeze)

WARM AIR

LOW PRESSURE ZONE

COOL AIR

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During the night, the sun stops shining

​

  • the land (lower heat capacity) cools down quickly
  • the water (higher heat capacity) cools down slowly

​

  • the low pressure zone is now above the warmer water, and this creates a breeze coming from the land

COOL AIR

LAND BREEZE

WARM AIR

LOW PRESSURE ZONE

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SEA BREEZE

        • during the day, the sun shines on the land and the water
          • the land (lower heat capacity) heats up quickly
          • the water (higher heat capacity) heats up slowly
        • the air over the warm land rises, creating a low pressure zone which the cool air from the water fill in (creating the breeze)

MRSTAV

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LAND BREEZE

        • during the night, the sun stops shining
          • the land (lower heat capacity) �cools down quickly
          • the water (higher heat capacity) �cools down slowly
        • the low pressure zone is now above the warmer water, and this creates a breeze coming from the land

MRSTAV

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PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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FEEL THE BREEZE

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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SAND

WATER

STUDENT PRESENTATION EXAMPLE: Callum 2023

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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SAND

WATER

HOT

STUDENT PRESENTATION EXAMPLE: Callum 2023

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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SAND

WATER

COLD

HOT

STUDENT PRESENTATION EXAMPLE: Callum 2023

PREDICT

OBSERVE

EXPLAIN

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MRSTAV

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SEA BREEZE & LAND BREEZE

  • places that are located close to large bodies of water have higher temperatures in the winter and lower temperatures in the summer

​

MRSTAV

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VANCOUVER

WHITBY

JAN: -6°C

FEB: -4°C

​

JAN: 3°C

FEB: 4°C

​

JUL: 22°C

AUG: 21°C

​

JUL: 18°C

AUG: 18°C

​

MRSTAV

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TORONTO CLIMATE GRAPH

VANCOUVER CLIMATE GRAPH

TEMPERATURE (°C)

RAINFALL (mm)

MONTH

TEMPERATURE (°C)

RAINFALL (mm)

MRSTAV

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  • Weather
  • Climate
  • Heat Capacity
  • Heat Sink
  • Sea Breeze
  • Land Breeze

​

ADD IT TO THE

W

WORD

W

WALL