National Pirogov Memorial Medical University,

Vinnytsya�Department of Endoscopic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Elective course

for 6^th course students

“Fundamentals in cardiac surgery”

The purpose of the course

• Introduction of students to the anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of heart pathology.
• Provide an algorithm for timely diagnosis of heart pathology.
• To acquaint with the principles of conservative and surgical treatment of heart pathology, prevention of complications and rehabilitation of patients with this pathology.

The course allows the student to define the concept of surgical heart diseases and methods of their correction. In the process, students get acquainted with modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods, determine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to heart disease, taking into account modern advances in medicine. The discipline allows to systematize the knowledge gained during the previous years of study, as well as to use them in clinical practice, taking into account current trends in the development of cardiovascular surgery.

Main tasks

Formation of knowledge in higher education students on the principles of disease screening, major patient complaints, etiology and hemodynamic changes in the heart in various defects, pathogenesis in various vascular diseases, basic modern diagnostic algorithms, including invasive diagnostic methods, advantages and disadvantages minimally invasive and endovascular methods of treatment, methods of surgical treatment of cardiovascular pathologies, their possibilities, the importance of open surgery in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, methods of temporary and surgical cessation of bleeding, surgical methods for vascular injuries and limb replantation. A special place among the tasks of the course is to acquaint students with current trends in surgery: the importance of timely diagnosis of acute conditions in cardiovascular surgery, to be able to interpret the conclusions of ultrasound diagnostic, methods of conservative and surgical treatment. A special place in the tasks of the discipline is occupied by mastering the practical skills of surgical technologies (including by training on simulators and methods of applying a surgical vascular suture).

Topics

1. General issues of cardiac surgery. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis in cardiac surgery. Comprehensive treatment of pathology of the heart and main vessels. Features of cardiac surgery. Methods of prevention and treatment of complications in cardiac surgery.

2. Ischemic heart disease. Classification. Anatomy of coronary blood supply. Methods of invasive diagnosis of coronary artery pathology. Surgical treatment of coronary heart disease.

3. Acquired heart defects. Mitral and aortic valvular heart disease. General Information. Prevalence of acquired heart defects. Conditions for the formation of pathological disorders in patients with acquired heart defects. Congenital heart disease. General Information. Prevalence of congenital heart disease. Features of pathophysiology. Application of open and endovascular methods of treatment. Methods of prevention of complications.

4. Septic endocarditis. Characteristics of valvular disorders in the heart. Prevalence of complications of septic endocarditis. General features of diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods of surgical treatment.

5. Pulmonary embolism. Clinical picture. Methods of non-invasive and invasive diagnostics. Differential diagnosis. Conservative and operative treatment of pulmonary embolism and postthromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

At the end of the course, students should know:�

• The main types of pathology of the heart and main vessels.
• Clinical manifestations of different types of pathology of the heart and main vessels and methods of their diagnosis, be able to interpret the results of research.
• Principles of surgical treatment of pathology of the heart and main vessels that cause chronic and urgent conditions in adults and newborns.

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