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Challenges and Harmonization of Local Datum Transformations within the Coordinate Reference Systems of North Macedonia

Authors

Zoran Cvetkovski

Nikola Ribaroski

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LEGISLATION

“Spatial Reference System -Article 40”

The Spatial Reference System is a terrestrial three-dimensional coordinate system which, by definition of the coordinate origin, the orientation of the coordinate axes, the scale, the units of length and time evolution coincides with the European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (hereinafter referred to as: ETRS 89).

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“Horizontal Reference System Article 41”

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  1. The horizontal reference system is a two-dimensional coordinate system defined according to the parameters of the Bessel ellipsoid (Bessel, 1841) and its orientation point in Hermannskogel.
  2. The position of the points and objects in the horizontal reference system shall be defined with two dimensional curvilinear coordinates i.e. geodetic longitude and latitude determined in reference to the Equator and the prime meridian Greenwich.
  3. The defined position of the points and objects in the horizontal reference system shall be expressed by two-dimensional rectangular coordinates within the framework of the state cartographic projection.

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LEGISLATION

“State Cartographic Projection Article-42”

(1) The state cartographic projection in the Republic of Macedonia shall be the Gauss-Krieger projection with the following features:

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  • Conformal, transversal, cylindrical projection with three-degree meridian zone of translation;
  • The central meridian is the twenty first meridian in reference to Greenwich; and
  • Earth ellipsoid, Bessel 1841.

(1) The parameters of the state cartographic projection referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article shall be as follows:

  • Scale in the central meridian 0.9999;
  • Shifting according to the y-axis 500,000 meters; and
  • Shifting according to the x-axis 0.

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IMPLEMENTATION

MAKTRAN-point by point

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MAKTRAN-by database

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IMPLEMENTATION

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Transformation parameters

10kmx10km each block

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IMPLEMENTATION

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Transformation parameters

10kmx10km each block

Transformation parameters

Bursa-Wolf or Molodensky-Badekas

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PRACTICE

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  • Traverse design
  • For whole infrastructure, 1 or 3 transformation parameters for GNSS method
  • Classical measurement from point to point

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PRACTICE

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  • Traverse design
  • For whole infrastructure, 1 or 3 transformation parameters for GNSS method
  • Classical measurement from point to point

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PRACTICE

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  • 10-15 cm accuracy

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  • Possible Errors from changing zones
  • Expropriation line (border line) problem
  • Error of connecting construction sites

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CONCLUSION

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Why do we need 1 transformational parameter?

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  • Integrity of the surveyors
  • Errors on the fields are past
  • No need of additional calculations and checking points
  • Stability of the future designs no mater on time

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Thank You�Questions?

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