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Period 2

1607 -1754

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Key Concept 2.1

Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and Am. Indians for resources.

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Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and imperial goals involving land and labor that shaped the social and political development of their colonies as well as their relationships with natives. List some examples.

  • subjugating native populations
  • forced conversion
  • French/Dutch used marriage for economic/diplomatic reasons
  • immigrants b/c of social mobility, economic prosperity, and religious freedom

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In the 17th century, early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast, with regional differences that reflected various environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors. What are the basic differences in the colonies?

  • Chesapeake/NC - Tobacco
    • Gold, Native American conflict, “Starving Time”
    • John Rolfe (tobacco), Cash Crop
    • labor intensive, indentured servants, slave labor
    • plantation based society
  • New England
    • Puritans, “City on a Hill”, small towns
    • agriculture and commerce based economy
  • Middle
    • “bread basket”, cereal crops
    • extremely diverse

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Elaborate on how Distance and Britain’s initially lax attention led to the colonies creating self-governing institutions that were unusually democratic for the era. The New England colonies based power in participatory town meetings, which in turn elected members to their colonial legislatures; in the Southern colonies, elite planters exercised local authority and also dominated the elected assemblies

  • Mercantilism/Salutary Neglect
  • Representative Assemblies
  • Right to vote
  • House of Burgesses (Virginia)

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Explain how Competition over resources between European rivals and American Indians encouraged industry and trade and led to conflict in the Americas.

  • Atlantic trade
    • enslaved Africans
    • exchange of goods
    • Triangular trade
  • Trade/Contact with Natives
  • Europeans & Natives v. other Europeans & Natives
  • goals of Europe led to mistrust and dissatisfaction
    • issues over territorial settlement, defense, self-rule and trade
  • Problems with Native Americans
    • Pueblo Revolt

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Key Concept 2.2:

The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain’s control.

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Transatlantic commercial, religious, philosophical, and political exchanges led residents of the British colonies to evolve in their political and cultural attitudes as they became increasingly tied to Britain and one another. expain

  • First Great Awakening
    • pluralism/intellectual exchange
    • enlightenment ideas
    • Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield
    • “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
  • gradual Anglicization, ties to Great Britain, spread of Protestant evangelicalism
  • Mercantilism
  • Beginnings of resistance to imperial control

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Like other European empires in the Americas that participated in the Atlantic slave trade, the English colonies developed a system of slavery that reflected the specific economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of those colonies.

  • Atlantic Slave Trade
  • Abundance of land, demand for colonial goods
  • Small New England farms - few enslaved laborers
  • all port cities -large numbers enslaved people
  • plantation systems/Chesapeake and the southernmost Atlantic coast had large numbers of enslaved workers
  • while the great majority of enslaved Africans were sent to the West Indies
  • “chattel slavery”