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DATA VISUALIZATION

By

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S.V.V.D.Jagadeesh

Sr. Assistant Professor

Dept of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

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LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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  • Course Objectives
  • Course Outcomes
  • Course Contents
  • Text Books
  • Unit-I Outcomes
  • Need for Data Visualization
  • Data Visualization
  • Visualization in Every Day Life
  • Importance of Visualization

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S.V.V.D.Jagadeesh

Monday, June 30, 2025

Previously Discussed Topics

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At the end of this Session, Student will be able to:

  • Explain the history of visualization techniques (Understand-L2)

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Session Outcomes

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  • Perhaps the first technique for graphically recording and presenting information was that used by early man.
  • An example is the early Chauvet-Pontd’Arc Cave, located near Vallon-Pont-d’Arc in southern France.
  • The Chauvet Cave contains over 250 paintings, created approximately 30,000 years ago.
  • These were likely meant to pass on information to future generations.�

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History of Visualization- Early Stages

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  • The oldest writing systems used pictures to encode symbols and whole words.
  • Such systems are called logograms.
  • The Kish limestone tablet is considered the earliest written document.
  • It is from Mesopotamia and is mostly pictographic, but it has the beginning of syllabic writing found in cuneiform scripts.

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S.V.V.D.Jagadeesh

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History of Visualization- Early Stages

  • Another early writing system, which came from the ancient Egyptians, is called hieroglyphics.
  • Hieroglyphs are divided into three major categories: logograms, phonograms, and determinatives.
  • Hieroglyphic logograms are signs that represent morphemes, “the smallest language unit that carries a semantic interpretation” .
  • Phonograms are signs that represent one or more sounds.
  • Determinatives are signs that help to join logograms and phonograms together to disambiguate the meaning of a sequence of glyphs.

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S.V.V.D.Jagadeesh

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History of Visualization- Early Stages

  • Early visualizations came about out of necessity: for travel, commerce, religion, and communication.
  • Maps provided support for travelers where planning or survival was the key.

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History of Visualization- Early Stages

  • There were qualitative maps of land that highlighted the number of rivers to cross, mountain passes, and in some cases, the location of known brigands.
  • There were maps showing the trade winds for sea travelers and maps used for battle planning.
  • The European medieval world depended on sea trade for wealth.
  • Thus, maps drawn by explorers and voyagers provided a great deal of information and were kept secret

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History of Visualization- Early Stages

  • Time series visualizations had been around even prior to Descartes in the 1600s.
  • One of the earliest was a circular representation of the phases of the moon by Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, born in Kath, Khwarezm.

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History of Visualization- Early Stages

  • Minard’s Napoleonic march representation was a brilliant tour-de-force, presenting linked geographic and time-series data on a static representation.
  • This is one of his last maps, perhaps to appeal the destruction of France through war.
  • The map strongly emphasizes the loss of troops during the Napoleonic Russian expedition.

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History of Visualization- Early Stages

  • A clear breakthrough for information visualization was the abstract representation for axes, allowing other parameters to be used as the coordinates.
  • Without the abstract (mathematical) interpretation, we would stay with strictly planar geospatial interpretations.
  • Thus one could have density as one axis and temperature as the other.

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History of Visualization- Early Stages

  • Other examples of early information visualization include Playfair’s plot of the balance of trade between England and Norway/Denmark over a number of years.
  • Joseph Priestley’s display of the life spans of famous people (Figure 1.13)
  • Florence Nightingale’s presentation of monthly deaths within the army, comparing those who died in battle with those dying from other causes (Figure 1.14).
  • Medical visualizations were also quite popular, particularly for the training of new doctors. Many examples exist, though few are more famous than Leonardo Da Vinci’s amazing drawings of human anatomy (Figure 1.15)

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History of Visualization- Today

  • Visualization most often provides different levels of both qualitative and quantitative views of the information being communicated.
  • For example, Figure 1.16 shows a map of the Tokyo underground.
  • It provides an easy-to read yet logically distorted view of the criss-crossing network of the subway system to facilitate interpretation; similar techniques have been used for a number of subway and other transportation systems as well as for processes and their flows.

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  • Session Outcomes
  • History of Visualization- Early Stages
  • History of Visualization – Today

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S.V.V.D.Jagadeesh

Monday, June 30, 2025

Summary

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