ESE633� Statistic of Education��ASSIGNMENT� �Video A� �

DR KIM TENG SIANG

KSKIM2007@GMAIL.COM

0124661131

In Inferential Statistics, we use sample values to represent population values

​

n

Parameters

SAMPLEL

Statistics

Represent by

Make inference or draw conclusion about

µ, σ

Mue , Sigma

, S

N

POPULATION

Understanding these Concepts First:��The Problem of using Sample to represent Population in Inferential Statistics

• In research we usually take only one sample with sufficient sample size
• But this sample mean may not be the same as the population mean
• So can we use the sample to represent

the Population and making inferences?

​

Can, if it satisfied the following conditions (or assumptions)

​

Condition 1 : Random Selection

• The sample is selected randomly from the population
• Everyone in the population has the chance to be selected

Condition 2 : NORMALITY

• The variable is normally distributed

​

Important of Normal Distribution

Height

Mean of sample A

Mean of sample C

Mean of sample B

Mean of sample D

Cut off point- level of significant

Mean (Population)

f

Important of Normal Distribution

• Most variables are distribution in bell-shaped form (Normal) naturally.
• Hypothesis Tests use Normal Distribution as a Reference to make conclusion or comparison
• Both Ends of a Bell-shape distribution form naturally the Zone of Rejecting Null, or level of Significant in a Hypothesis Test

​

We must test the sample differences first to determine if they are due to chance or real

How? – do hypothesis test, to determine those differences in sample means are not due to chance

You test to accept or reject the Null Hypothesis

(Null hypothesis means : No difference, we see difference but actually is due to chance)

Set significant level (percent of error) according to your need

Why do the test? – to check the difference due to chance in sampling

Important of Normal Distribution

Height

Mean of sample A

Mean of sample C

Mean of sample B

Mean of sample D

Cut off point- level of significant,

α

Mean

p

Common Parametric & Non Parametric Equivalent in Tests

Basic Requirements in Parametric & �Non-Parametric Tests

Assignment Summary (70%)

QUESTION 1 [5 MARKS]

Variable B

• The above are three scatterplots showing the relationship between Variable A and Variable B.
• Compare the three scatterplots
• Suggest ONE research question

Check and answer yourself

• Compare the three shapes of dots Distribution?
• Are they the same or different?
• Do you observe any relationship between values of A & B?

QUESTION 1 [5 MARKS]

Variable B

1. a) Compare the three scatterplots

• Compare the values of the correlation (r value) given
• Same or different?
• What does the negative sign means

​

r

b) Suggest ONE research question

​

• What are the two variables involved for the research question
• What relationship you want to find?
• Write down the research question

VARIABLE

B

Variable

A

Correlation

QUESTION 2 [6 MARKS]

The table below shows the correlation between the marks of English and Mathematics test among a group of 10 primary school students.

a) Suggest a null hypothesis

b) Describe the above table.

Check and answer yourself

1. Suggest a null hypothesis –state the relationship between the two variables
2. Describe the above table. – look at the value of p (at Sig.), Is it significant? Then look at the r , what is the strength?

​

The table is a correlational Tests for the relationship between English (variable A) and Mathematic Tests (Variable B)

​

​

​

​

QUESTION 3 [9 MARKS]

• A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using analogies in teaching science to year 2 secondary school students which was the treatment group. Pupils in the control group were taught science using the traditional method.
• Explain the results shown below:

​

The

The

b) The researcher used the t-test to compare the performance of the two groups on the science test. Briefly describe the results of the t-test shown in the table below.

​

​

​

​

​

c) The researcher further analysed the data using the Shapiro-Wilk statistic. Expain the results shown below.

​

​

d) The researcher also analysed the data using the Levene’s test. Explain the results shown below.

​

​

​

Check and answer yourself

• The above are results from an independent t-test using SPSS
• What do you want to find from the test?
• relationship, difference?
• So follow the procedure to analyse the test results
• Check the means of the two treatments
• - are they the same? Not sure, could be due to chance
• Check the independent t-test result,
• - significant ?
• Check the condition for doing t-test
• a) Normality test result
• b) Equality of variance between two groups result

ESE633� Statistic of Education��ASSIGNMENT� �Video B� �

DR KIM TENG SIANG

KSKIM2007@GMAIL.COM

0124661131

QUESTION 4 [9 MARKS]

• A study was conducted to determine if there was a difference in opinion on decentralizing the curriculum allowing schools to adapt content and teaching methods to according to their specific needs. The 50 respondents consisted of parents with graduate (bachelor degrees), high school (secondary school) qualifications and postgraduate qualifications [Higher scores indicate a more positive attitude]
• Data was analysed according the level of qualifications of the respondents. Discuss the results of the study as shown in the table below:

​

​

• B) Data was analysed using the Oneway ANOVA statistic. Discuss the results of the statistic as shown in the table below.
• -Is it significant?

​

​

​

​

​

​

• C) What further analysis would you do? Why?

​

C) What further analysis would you do? Why?�

Level of Opinion

IV

DV

Graduate

Post graduate

High school

IV (Groups)

1

2

3

QUESTION 5 [7 MARKS]

• The diagram above shows the possible factors that may influence male and female 16-year old students in secondary schools to engage in bullying
• Identify the independent and dependent variables. Explain.
• Suggest TWO research questions.

​

Having Been Bullied

Social Media

Family Factors

Engaged in Bullying

Self Esteem

1. Identify the independent and dependent variables. Explain.

Engaged in bullying

IV

DV

Factor 1

(Self esteem)

• High
• Low

Factor 3

Factor 2

IV

4

5

6

3

2

1

b) Suggest TWO research questions.

Gender

-Male

- Female

QUESTION 6 [6 MARKS]

• A study was conducted comparing creative thinking among high ability, middle ability and low ability students. The results of the study are shown in the table above.
• a) Suggest a research question for the study.
• b) What can you conclude from the ANOVA table?

1. Suggest a research question for the study.

Creative Thinking

IV

(Ability Level)

DV

- High

- Middle

- Low

1

b) What can you conclude from the ANOVA table?

- Significant? If so what does that meant?

b) What can you conclude from the ANOVA table?� - Significant? If so what does that meant”

Level of Opinion

IV

DV

High

Ability

Low

Ability

Middle

Ability

IV (Groups)

1

2

3

ESE633� Statistic of Education��ASSIGNMENT� �Video C� �

DR KIM TENG SIANG

KSKIM2007@GMAIL.COM

0124661131

QUESTION 7 [7 MARKS]

​

• The table below is the result of a study on the opinions of male and female secondary school students whether vaping should be banned for Malaysians below 21 years of age?

​

• The table below is the result of a study on the opinions of male and female secondary school students whether vaping should be banned for Malaysians below 21 years of age?

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

The

The

value is 20.704 while the p-value is 0.0001.

​

1. Describe the data shown in the table above

b) Suggest one null and one alternate hypothesis for the study.

​

Common Parametric & Non Parametric Equivalent in Tests

The

value is 20.704 while the p-value is 0.0001.

​

1. Describe the data shown in the table above

- Significant?

- Conclusion

​

b) Suggest one null and one alternate hypothesis for the study.

• IV and DV ?
• Null – no different
• Alternate – there is a different

QUESTION 8 [6 MARKS]

• A doctoral student conducted a study to determine the relationships between the different types of reasoning, namely; quantitative reasoning, analytical reasoning, spatial reasoning, mechanical reasoning and verbal reasoning. The sample consisted of 100 males and 100 female undergraduates. The table below shows the correlation matrix between the five variables.

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

1. State TWO research questions
2. Discuss the findings of the study

Check and answer yourself

• What are the 5 variables in this study?
• Are they all at interval scale?
• Can they be differentiated according to DV & IV?
• What are the possible research questions?

Quantitative

Reasoning

Analytical reasoning

Spatial Reasoning

Mechanical Reasoning

Verbal reasoning

1. Discuss the findings of the study

• Based on the test results given, what is the values of r (correlation) for each pair of variables ?
• Discuss the results based on the matrix given – pay attention to the strengths of correlation between each pair of variables and comment about their relationships

​

Values of Correlation Coefficient, r

QUESTION 9 [8 MARKS]

A study was conducted comparing three teaching methods, namely inquiry-based method, project-based method and lecture method in learning chemistry. The results are shown in the tables below:

​

​

​

​

• Group Means for Scores on Chemistry:
• Inquiry-based method M=27.2
• Lecture method M= 23.6
• Project-based method M=23.4

a) What can you conclude from the ANOVA table above?

​

b) Explain the Tukey HSD results in the table above

2

1

3

b) Explain the Tukey HSD results in the table above

Chemistry

Test Scores

IV

DV

Inquiry

Project

Lecture

IV (Groups)

1

2

3

QUESTION 10 [7 MARKS]

​

​

​

​

• The table above shows the results of a study which examined Awareness about AI and Awareness about Internet Safety among students from Low Income Households and High Income Households.
• Suggest ONE research questions
• Briefly describe the results of the study

​

​

Low Income Household

High Income Household

1. Suggest ONE research questions

Awareness about AI

IV

(Household

Income)

DV

- High

​

- Low

1

Awareness about Internet Safety

2

b) Briefly describe the results of the study�

• You need to compare the means for these two tests (Independent t-test) separately
• First consider the top one (Awareness about AI)
• compare the means between High and Low income household
• - are they different significantly ? (0.07)
• Second consider the bottom one (Awareness about Internet safety)
• compare the means between High and Low income household
• - are they different significantly ? (0.03)

​

• -

Low Income Household

High Income Household

FORMAT

1. Format for the assignment:
1. 12 New Times Roman font
2. 1½ spacing
2. Submit online to MyPLS all the FOUR Parts in ONE FILE.
3. Do not copy and paste from the internet or from the learning materials. If you do, MARKS WILL DEDUCTED
4. APA style citations and references. You will be evaluated on adherence to APA style
5. Use the Cover Page.
6. Name the file as EME643_StudentID_YourName

​

•  END OF ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS

​

​

Thank You