Unit 7 �Graphical Detailing �of Construction

Dr Adewale Abimbola, FHEA, GMICE.

www.edulibrary.co.uk

Aim & Objectives

Aim: Freehand Perspective Sketch

Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

• Produce a 2D freehand sketch for the exterior of a two-storey building.
• Produce a two-point perspective sketch for the exterior of a two-storey building.
• Produce the two-point perspective sketch for an assigned interior living space.
• Produce the one-point perspective sketch for an assigned interior living space.

Intro Quiz

Intro. Quiz:

What is the difference between 2D and 3D drawings?

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Introduction to Perspective Projection

• Definition:
• Perspective drawing is a technique used to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, creating the illusion of depth and space.
• Importance:
• Essential for architects, designers, and artists to communicate spatial ideas effectively.
• Helps viewers understand proportions, depth, and spatial relationships.
• Types of Perspective Drawing:
• One-Point Perspective
• Two-Point Perspective
• Three-Point Perspective (not covered in this presentation).

Figure 1. Perspective drawing (Lovett, 2023).

Perspective Projection

• Illusion of Depth:
• Perspective projections create the illusion of depth, simulating how objects appear in the real world.
• Vanishing Points:
• Utilises vanishing points on the horizon where parallel lines seem to converge, enhancing the perception of depth.
• Realistic Representation:
• Provides a more realistic and natural representation of three-dimensional scenes compared to isometric and axonometric projections.
• Foreshortening:
• Objects closer to the viewer appear larger, while those farther away are foreshortened, mimicking natural visual phenomena.

Figure 2. One point perspective drawing (Barabanova, 2023).

Perspective Projection

• Complexity and Realism:
• Perspective projections can capture the complexity of spatial relationships and convey a high level of realism.
• Dynamic Composition:
• Perspective drawings enable dynamic compositions that convey a sense of movement and engagement.
• Multiple Types:
• Various types of perspective projections include one-point, two-point, and three-point perspective, each offering a different level of complexity.
• Challenges in Drawing:
• Creating accurate perspective drawings can be challenging due to the need for a keen understanding of spatial relationships and proper placement of vanishing points.

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Figure 1. Perspective drawing (Lovett, 2023).

Figure 2. One point perspective drawing (Barabanova, 2023).

Understanding Two-Point Perspective

• Definition:
• A drawing method where all lines converge at two vanishing points on the horizon line.
• Applications:
• Commonly used for architectural exteriors (e.g., buildings, street views).
• Suitable when objects are viewed at an angle rather than head-on.
• Key Elements:
• Horizon Line: Represents eye level.
• Two Vanishing Points: Located on opposite ends of the horizon line.

Figure 1. Two-point Perspective drawing (Lovett, 2023).

Steps for Freehand Two-Point Perspective Drawing

Key Points:

1. Draw the horizon line across your paper.
2. Place two vanishing points on opposite ends of the horizon line.
3. Sketch a vertical line between the vanishing points to represent the corner of an object/building facing you.
4. Draw lines from the top and bottom of this vertical line to both vanishing points to create depth on both sides.
5. Add vertical lines to define edges and complete the shape of the object/building.
6. Erase unnecessary construction lines and add details like windows, doors, or textures.

Figure 1. Two-point Perspective drawing (Lovett, 2023).

Self-assessment Task 1

Reproduce the freehand two-point perspective sketch for the exterior of the building (See Figure 1).

Additionally, produce the freehand sketch for the building east elevation (Figure 2).

Figure 1. An exterior of a building.

Figure 2. A building east elevation.

Self-assessment Task 2

Reproduce the freehand two-point perspective sketch for your assigned living space below:

Understanding One-Point Perspective

• Definition
• A drawing method where all lines converge at a single vanishing point on the horizon line.
• Applications:
• Ideal for interiors (e.g., hallways, rooms).
• Used when objects are directly facing the viewer.
• Key Elements:
• Horizon Line: Represents eye level.
• Vanishing Point: The point where parallel lines appear to converge.
• Visuals:
• Diagram showing a simple one-point perspective setup (horizon line, vanishing point, converging lines).

Figure 2. One point perspective drawing (Barabanova, 2023).

Steps for Freehand One-Point Perspective Drawing

Key Points:

1. Draw the horizon line across your paper.
2. Mark the vanishing point on the horizon line.
3. Sketch the front face of the object (e.g., square or rectangle).
4. Draw lines from each corner of the object to the vanishing point.
5. Add depth by drawing vertical or horizontal lines between the converging lines to define edges.
6. Erase unnecessary construction lines and add details or shading for realism.

Figure 2. One point perspective drawing (Barabanova, 2023).

Self-assessment Task 3

Reproduce the one-point perspective sketch for your assigned living space below:

References/Bibliography

• Barabanova, K. (2023) One point perspective drawing: the ultimate guide. Available at: https://www.studentartguide.com/articles/one-point-perspective-drawing (Accessed: 15 October 2023).
• Lovett, J. (2023) Perspective drawing. Available at: https://www.johnlovett.com/perspective-drawing (Accessed: 15 October 2023).
• Pearson (2017) BTEC national construction student book. London: Pearson.
• Topliss, S., Mohyuddin, S. A., Murray-Smith, J. and Stokes, A. (2013) BTEC first: construction and the built environment. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

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