Introductory remarks
Iain Butterworth
Healthy City Model
Low density housing in new areas on the fringe
Reduced access to amenity, community services and public transport
Overweight and obesity
Chronic disease (CVD, Diabetes, Cancer)
Affordability of housing
Affordability of living on fringe
Drug and alcohol dependence
Stress, social isolation
Family violence
Lack of local employment opportunities
Increased VMT
High unemployment
Chronic disease (Mental health, CVD)
Car dependency – increased VMT
Inactivity
Sedentariness
Youth violence
Family violence
Reduced use of community services
Preliminary potential pathways of social determinants of health
Slide source: Prof Billie Giles-Corti (2012)
Slide source: Prof Billie Giles-Corti
EMPLOYMENT
FOOD
HOUSING
PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
TRANSPORT
WALKABILITY
DOMAINS OF LIVEABILITY
NEIGHBOURHOOD ATTRIBUTES
BEHAVIOURS
INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES
ACCESS TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Distance to, density, and frequency of public transport by type
ACCESS TO CYCLE INFRA- STRUCTURE
Distance to, and density of cycle lanes
CAR USE / RELIANCE
SOCIAL INEQUITIES
Car reliance, household expenditure stress
TRAFFIC EXPOSURE
TRANSPORT COMMUTE TIME
WALKABILITY
PUBLIC TRANSPORT USE
CYCLING FOR TRANSPORT
VEHICLE MILES TRAVELLED
WALKING FOR TRANSPORT
WEIGHT STATUS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ACCUMULATION
CHRONIC CONDITIONS
TRANSPORT PLANNING AND POLICIES
MENTAL HEALTH
UPSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
Prof Hannah Badland
Urban & transport planning & design interventions
Transport mode & �daily living outcomes
Risk �exposures
Intermediary �outcomes
Injury & �disease outcomes
Destination accessibility
Distribution of employment
Demand management
Design
Density
Distance to transit
Diversity
Desirability
Regional Planning
Local urban design
Private motor vehicle
Public transport
Cycling
Transport mode outcomes
Walking / Cycling
Attitudes & preferences
Social & cultural norms
Mobility needs
Demand
Traffic
Air pollution
Noise
Social isolation
Personal safety
Physical inactivity
Prolonged sitting
Unhealthy diet
Traffic incidents
Greenhouse �gas & particulate �matter emissions, climate change
Obesity & overweight, cardio-metabolic �risk factors
Road trauma
Respiratory disease
Heat stress
Infectious disease
Mental illness
Major chronic �diseases: CVD, T2 diabetes, cancer
Employment & education access
Food & health �service access
Social & �recreational access
Daily living outcomes
Age
Demographics
Gender
Health, wellbeing and liveability
Socioeconomic position & area-level disadvantage
Urban system�policies
Transport
Social & �health services
Education
Employment
& economic development
Land use �& urban design
Housing
Public open space �& recreation
Public safety
Slide source: Prof Billie Giles-Corti et al
Overwhelming evidence: Frumkin et al (2017)
Shanahan, D. F. et al. (2016). Health Benefits from Nature Experiences Depend on Dose. Sci. Rep. 6, 28551
People & Parks Foundation: ‘Live Nature Wise’
Public open space (POS) domain
Villanueva et al, 2015, Applied Geography
NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in
Healthy Liveable Communities
Funded by:
Plan Melbourne: https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/