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Synthesis

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Identifying Community Centric Intervention

HCD MODULE 4

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SYNTHESIS

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Identify important themes, root causes, and potential ideas from rapid inquiry.

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IN THIS LESSON:

MUST ADDRESS

Write creative prompts for the barriers that must be addressed to increase demand for immunization.

AHA! MOMENTS

Record ‘aha!’ moments and tell the community’s stories

ROOT CAUSES

Listen to all perspectives and ask ‘why?’ to identify root causes

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UPDATE TOOLS

Update personas and journey maps

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An iterative process with simple tools

ABOUT HCD

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Share statistics

stories backed by data

DAY 1: DEFINITION

Discover learning goals

DAY 2: DIAGNOSIS

Empathize and understand

Day 3: DESIGN

Ideate and prototype

Day 4: IMPLEMENTATION

Test and evolve

People are

rational human

Closed open inquiry about challenges and solutions

Report on �Evolve your interventions

Define messages for Design interventions with the community

Challenges are one �multi-dimensional

Linear validation Cyclical iteration

PERSONA MODELS

JOURNEY MAPPING

RAPID INQUIRY

SYNTHESIS

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IDEA GENERATION

PROTOTYPING

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THEORY OF CHANGE

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‘traveler’ mode

Immersion with curiosity. See, hear, and feel the place with all your senses.

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RAPID INQUIRY

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From ‘traveler’ mode �to ‘journalist’ mode

Process and discuss most important insights. Review quotes, photographs and interview notes.

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SYNTHESIS

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From ‘traveler’ mode �to ‘journalist’ mode �to ‘editor’ mode

Translate notable findings into digestible, compelling prompts.

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IDEA GENERATION

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From ‘traveler’ mode �to ‘journalist’ mode �to ‘editor’ mode

to ‘artist’ mode

Realize an idea through images, words and performances.

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PROTOTYPING

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Share statistics stories backed by data

Bring clarity to why challenges exist and persist — while also looking for community-specific opportunities to respond.

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SYNTHESIS

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Of girls said their biggest concern during Covid was education.

I dropped out of school and I’m happy about it. �I won’t be a financial burden.

WARM UP

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36%

FROM DATA

FROM RAPID INQUIRY

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Synthesis is the process of analyzing the unstructured information collected from the field. You will identify important themes from your field notes.

SYNTHESIS

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Synthesis serves two purposes:

(1) Uncover themes – root causes and motivations that your interviewees have in common

(2) Identify opportunities and informed solutions to take forward

SYNTHESIS

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Go beyond improving what exists...

MINDSET

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POSTER

BETTER POSTER

OBJECTIVE

Raising Awareness

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… HCD reconfigures root barriers and community-

specific enablers to find new solutions.

MINDSET

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Information and Inspiration

SOLUTION 1

Song

SOLUTION 2

Local event

SOLUTION 3

Celebrity speech

SOLUTION 4

Mural

OBJECTIVE

Raising Awareness

With HCD we shift our perspective. We collect information and inspiration from many sources, and then synthesize.

By talking directly to the people who experience a problem, we can open up new conversation, break recurring challenges apart and through this process, we better understand WHY things are happening. We can introduce new ideas that are more fitting for the community.

So instead of going from a poster to a better poster,

we don’t only ask what about the poster is unclear or doesnt work; we ask about barriers to action, understand motivations, and by learning more about the full system around an issue,

we can come up with NEW solutions that are MORE relevant and useful to the community.

We might learn that word of mouth is more effective than a poster.

Or that a local, social event also might be useful than a poster.

Or a celebrity speech … and so on.

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In synthesis we will:

Update personas and journey maps
Investigate root causes to get to a deeper understanding

MINDSET

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Update assumptions with new information from field research

MINDSET

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Update your personas

What assumptions had you made about this persona? Did you discover a deeper truth about them?
Do you know more about what is really motivating your persona?
What do you still not know?

Update your journey maps

What new barriers did you uncover?
What new enablers did you uncover?
Did any new people show up in the journey that you weren’t expecting?

SYNTHESIS

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Investigate root causes to get to a deeper understanding of barriers.

MINDSET

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Why?

MINDSET

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WHY?

Adolescents hear more rumors than facts about the COVID-19 vaccine.

Problem statement

Adolescents are not showing up for COVID-19 vaccines.

Facts about vaccination are taught in school but adolescents often drop out of school.

WHY?

The economic shocks of poverty force many adolescents to prioritize work over the price of school.

WHY?

The immediate (present bias) of surviving today is a more pressing concern than thriving tomorrow.

WHY?

Adolescents see health and education as important, but don’t know how to fit them into constrained lives.

WHY?

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HUMAN CENTRED DESIGN TRAINING

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Complete the Root Causes tool.

For your persona, select a barrier from each stage of the journey
Answer the “5 Whys” to get to the root cause of that barrier.

GETTING TO THE ROOT CAUSE

SYNTHESIS

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45 minutes

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Synthesis

WHAT IS THE

MAIN BARRIER?

List the most important

barrier identified at each

stage of the journey.

Why?

Knowledge & awareness

Intent

Preparation, cost & effort

Point of service

Experience of care

After service

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PERSONA _______________________

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Present 2-3 roots causes from your ‘Synthesis’ worksheets.

5 minutes per team

GROUP PRESENTATIONS

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APPENDIX

Facilitator’s References

Synthesis Introduction
‘Synthesis: 5 Whys’ step-by-step
Editable ‘Synthesis: 5 Whys’ tool
Creative Prompts module

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Synthesis

analyze unstructured information to uncover root causes and local responses

Synthesis is the process of sorting through the unstructured information collected from the field. It uses your analysis skills and intuition to identify important themes from field notes: stories, examples, observations, root causes and suggestions for solutions. This step benefits from a team’s diverse backgrounds and experiences.

Synthesis is useful because it pushes us to:

Share perspectives within small teams to hear what each team member heard, saw and interpreted
Discuss and debate root causes – why this is happening – and possible responses

TOOLS

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Synthesis: 5 Whys

Activity instructions:

Revisit and update your persona worksheet based on findings from rapid inquiry.
Revisit and update your journey worksheet based on findings from rapid inquiry.
On the ‘5 Whys’ worksheet, list the most important barrier identified at each stage of the journey.
Get to the root cause of that barrier by asking ‘why?’ multiple times.

Note: You may uncover root causes that are deeper and more systemic than you are able to solve. However, understanding their underlying influence on the root causes that you do choose to address is imporant.

TOOLS

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4

PDF POSTER VERSION ENG

FACILITATOR PREPARATION

Print one copy for each persona.

Modify and/or translate to fit the challenge.

Editable version available on next slide.

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Synthesis

WHAT IS THE

MAIN BARRIER?

List the most important

barrier identified at each

stage of the journey.

Why?

Knowledge & awareness

Intent

Preparation, cost & effort

Point of service

Experience of care

After service

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PERSONA _______________________

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Creative Prompts

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Identifying Community Centric Intervention

HCD MODULE 5+

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Creative prompts frame opportunities for SBC professionals, EPI experts and communities to collaboratively generate new ideas.

In this bonus module, we talk more specifically about how to write prompts that transition teams from synthesis to idea generation by reformulating rapid inquiry findings (root causes and enablers) into simple questions.

Each creative prompt will address one part of the challenge — either for a persona or a stage in the journey — so you will end up with multiple prompts. Prioritize 6-8 key prompts before idea generation sessions.

FROM SYNTHESIS TO IDEA GENERATION

CREATIVE PROMPTS

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Creative prompts are a bridge between a challenge and an opportunity.

MINDSET

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CREATIVE PROMPT

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ROOT CAUSE

Adolescents see health and education as important, but don’t know how to fit them into constrained lives.

From synthesis:

Why?

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CREATIVE PROMPT

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From rapid inquiry:

ENABLER �(WHAT WE SAW/HEARD)

Finances and knowing how to make money is more important to the community.

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CREATIVE PROMPT

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ROOT CAUSE + ENABLER

Adolescents see health as important, but their priority is finding work and building their future.

CREATIVE PROMPTS

How might we combine health services with job skills to make vaccinate worth adolescent’s time?

Bridge from challenge to opportunity

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Creative prompts usually start with “How might we…” and �serve as a creative springboard �to inspire a group.

Good prompts have 3 key ingredients:

Inspire and excite
Respond to specific information
Framed as an open-ended question

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Inspire and excite teams to generate multiple solutions. Good prompts use a positive framing, encourage creative thinking, and immediately help teams think of solutions.

CREATIVE PROMPTS

DIRECTS TO INFORMATION INSTEAD OF ACTION

INSTEAD OF:

How might we learn more about how Nomadic mothers track time?

BETTER PROMPT:

How might we help mothers track days between appointments and easily remember the schedule?

DIRECTS TO INSPIRED INTERVENTION

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Respond to specific information about a persona or a journey map. They are simple enough to address one challenge at a time. If they are too over-arching and generic, we get generic ideas.

CREATIVE PROMPTS

TOO GENERAL

INSTEAD OF:

How might we engage religious leaders?

BETTER PROMPT:

How might we frame routine immunization as supportive to traditional healers and their techniques?

SPECIFIC ABOUT PERSON �(traditional healer)

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Frame as an open-ended question to allow teams to suggest solutions. Prompts do not directly suggest solutions.

CREATIVE PROMPTS

TOO PRESCRIPTIVE �(suggests one solution)

INSTEAD OF:

How might we help shopkeepers become resources for nomadic mothers by sharing their own stories?

(Save and suggest during idea generation!)

BETTER PROMPT:

How might we engage shopkeepers to make vaccination visible and widely shared in the community?

PROMPT:

How might we engage shopkeepers to make positive stories of vaccination widely shared, visible & discussed in the community??

OPEN TO MANY SOLUTIONS

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Stuck? Consider some approaches to writing a prompt:

CREATIVE PROMPTS

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

Use where they are already learning / having discussions
Anchor to what they already know / understand

ACTION

Align with trips already being taken

SCALE

Think big and bold
Think 'small is big'

PERSPECTIVE

Consider the different persona experiences: What can we rebalance? Where did contradictions emerge?
'Walk in their shoes' – If you were in this community, what would you need?

RECONFIGURATION

Combine concepts/approaches
Break the challenge into pieces

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Too many? Choose prompts that address different root causes. Prioritize by:

CREATIVE PROMPTS

JOURNEY MAP

Select at least one prompt for each stage of the ‘Journey to Health and Immunization’.
Think about what MUST be solved for the community to progress beyond this stage and into the next.

PERSONA

Prioritize prompts from multiple roles and perspectives (not caregiver alone)
Make sure prompts address challenges of both supply (HCW) and demand
Prioritize prompts that allow for gender transformative solutions

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