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Essential Question

Why is Thomas Jefferson such an important figure?

Why You Should Care

Jefferson was not only the author of the Declaration of Independence but the leading voice for limiting the power of the government after the founding of the nation.

Thomeowth Jefferson

1783

1775

1776

1777

1778

1779

1780

1781

1782

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Thomas Jefferson

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The Declaration of Independence

3

Jefferson wrote the 1^st draft of the Declaration.

1776

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Washington’s Cabinet

4

Served as Washington’s secretary of state.

1790 – 1793

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Nullification

5

1798 & 99

He argued that states had the right to refuse to enforce unconstitutional national laws like the Sedition Act.

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6

E

1800

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JEFFERSON

ADAMS

BURR

PINCKNEY

Federalist

Democratic-Republican

The Election of 1800

65

73

64

1800

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House Of

Representatives

1800

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An electoral tie meant the House of Reps would choose the president. They voted 35 times and could not agree!

JEFFERSON

BURR

Democratic-Republican

50%

38%

1800

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Alexander Hamilton

joins the fight!!!!

1800

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Finally, two states switched their votes and Jefferson was elected over Burr. Burr blamed Hamilton.

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Part 2: �The�Jefferson�Presidency

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The Louisiana Purchase

Spain

United States

Buy 1 city, get a GIANT TERRITORY free!!!!!!!!!

(Florida not included)

1803

BUT I THOUGHT HE WAS A REPUBLICAN?!

What can I say?

I can’t resist a good deal!

A huge land purchase that more than doubled the size of the United States. (and was probably illegal)

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homas Jefferson is satirized as an emaciated dog with his obviously docked tail ending in a few scraggly hairs, and a prominent organ between his extremely long hind legs — a lewd reminder of Jefferson's scandalous liaisons with his mulatto concubine, Sally Hemings. Goaded by a stinging bee (the official symbol of Napoleon's Second Empire) sporting a Napoleanic cocked hat, "dog" Jefferson vomits "Two Millions" of dollars on the prairie. Facing him, James Monroe holds a map of "West Florida" in his proper right hand and a map of "East Florida" in his left. From his left pocket protrudes a list of instructions from Talleyrand. The dialog balloon at his lips reads "A gull [deception] for the people."

The background of Akin's cartoon was this: Jefferson had assumed that the Louisiana Purchase included West Florida. When he discovered that it did not, he immediately (in 1804) sought to carry out a secret plan with Congress — with encouragement and support from France — to buy it from Spain for $2,000,000. His scheme failed, but the issue was eventually resolved by John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State under President James Monroe, in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819.

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Lewis and Clark’s

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Brain

Snack

.

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Educated Guess

Use your brain to make your best guess on the following question.

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Jefferson had one of the largest libraries in the US at the time. He had many books on the west. Those books had some interesting “facts” posted in them. Write the numbers of the following that you think were “facts” printed in his books.

There were woolly mammoths roaming the West.
There was a tribe of blue-eyed Indians living in the West who spoke a form of English.
There was a river or series of connected rivers, starting at the Mississippi, that crossed the western mountains and reached the Pacific Ocean.
The Rocky Mountains weren’t really that big.
The West had many erupting volcanoes.
Unicorns could be found in the West.
There were mountains in the West made of salt.
Some beavers in the West were seven feet tall.
Buffaloes were friendly and had slim waists.
Llamas roamed the West.

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Lewis and Clark

1803 - 1805

They were sent to explore the new land and try to find a water passage across the Continent.

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Lewis and Clark

1803 - 1805

Their 2-year journey was greatly helped by a native woman named Sacagawea – and the west was now open for settlement.

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1803 – 1805

1804

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1803 – 1805

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1818

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The Embargo Act

1807

Fine, then we don’t want to play with you any more, neiner, neiner, neiner.

Blocked trade with foreign nations – actually hurt the US way more than the other countries.

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We own you, do what we say!

No! Give us your money!

I give up. Do whatever. I shrunk the army and navy.

“Intercourse or Impartial Dealings”

This political cartoon from 1809, ostensibly created under the pseudonym "Peter Pencil," deals with the United States and its relations with the major powers of Europe, Britain and France.��The cartoon depicts three individuals: Britain's George III (right), Thomas Jefferson (middle), and Napoleon Bonaparte (left). The cartoonist lampoons Napoleon by exaggerating his short stature (complete with oversized hat and sword). In this scene, Jefferson is being accosted by both King George and Napoleon, a reference to Jefferson's inability to keep the United States neutral in yet another war between Britain and France. Napoleon can even be seen to be shaking coins loose from Jefferson's left pocket, referring to France's insistence on stopping American merchant ships headed for British waters and seizing both ships and cargoes. Throughout the ordeal, Jefferson can be seen wearing a mask of apparent indifference, arms raised as if in surrender.��Although critical of both Britain and France for interfering with American trade, the cartoonist harbors special criticism for Jefferson, whose demeanor reflects America's inability to stop either Britain or France from molesting American merchants ships. And, since it was Jefferson who reduced the size of both the army and navy upon becoming President in 1801, the cartoonist seems to lay the majority of the blame for America's current circumstances on him.

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Slave Trade Ban

1808

A new law that did not end slavery – but stopped the importation of more slaves. Still, it was an important step toward ending it.

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In the end…

30 years, two governing documents and 3 Presidents later the United States is…
…on the verge of war with Britain again.
Jefferson decided not to run for a third term.
His friend, James Madison was elected in 1808.
Could he keep the new nation out of war?

1808