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Arizona STEM

Acceleration Project

Creative Battery Design

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Creative Battery Design

A 4th grade STEM lesson

Ana Ramirez

12/29/23

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Notes for Teachers

  • Context: This lesson takes place in a classroom for one or more hours
  • Students may work in small groups of 2-4.
  • An emphasis on the target product (a functioning battery out of coins to power a bulb!)
  • Creative solutions should be encouraged
  • Facilitate student reflection on why and how energy can be used to power a circuit, or a bulb.

List of Materials:

  • One glass of water (filled with 1 tablespoons of salt)
  • 1 crocodile clip wire
  • rubber band
  • One red LED light
  • Six pennies
  • Six zinc washers
  • ¼ cup of vinegar
  • One piece of construction paper
  • Scissors
  • How Does a Battery Work? By Rosie Wilson Picture Book
  • Additional Resources: How does a battery work?

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Science Standards:

4.P4U1.1: Develop and use a model to demonstrate how a system transfers energy from one object to another even when the objects are not touching.

4.P4U1.2: Develop and use a model that explains how energy is moved from place to place through electric currents.

Science and Engineering Practices

  • ask questions and define problems
  • develop and use models
  • plan and carry out investigations
  • analyze and interpret data
  • use mathematical and computational thinking
  • construct explanations and design solutions
  • engage in argument from evidence
  • obtain, evaluate and communicate information

4.RL.1 Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.

4.RL.3 Describe in depth a character, setting, or event in a story or drama, drawing on specific details in the text (e.g., a character’s thoughts, words, or actions).

4.W.7 Conduct short research projects that build knowledge through investigation of different aspects of a topic.

4.SL.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 4 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly

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Objective(s):

Today we will explain how electricity is the flow of electrical energy from one place to another.

Today we will understand that batteries are made up of layers of different materials.

Today we will describe how a battery stores energy using facts from a story.

Today we will collaborate and communicate effectively with our peers to complete an engineering design challenge.

Today students will be able to design and engineer a battery out of coins to power a bulb.

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Agenda (60 minutes)

How batteries convert chemical energy into electrical potential energy?

How Does a Battery Work?

By Rosie Wilson

Engineering a Battery

Share or present

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How do batteries convert chemical energy into electrical potential energy?

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Batteries

Batteries convert the chemical energy of the two metals (electrodes) interacting with the acid on the mat board (electrolyte) into electrical energy. In this situation, the metal surface serves as the electrode and an electric current (movement of electrons from one metal to the other) is created when the wire connects both metal surfaces.

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Read-Aloud

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Hands-On Activity Instructions

In a group of 2-4, engineer a a battery out of coins to power a bulb.

Constraints:

  • One glass of water (filled with 1 tablespoons of salt)
  • One red LED light
  • Six pennies
  • Six zinc washers
  • One cup of ¼ cup of vinegar
  • 15 minutes

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How do we assess our work?

  • We field test our invention
  • We seek feedback
  • We iterate and repeat

We evaluate our final iteration’s ability to meet requirements and stay within constraints

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Assessment

Test your battery:

  • How many cells did it take to light up the bulb?
  • How many conductive materials are needed for electrical energy to flow and make the bulb work?
  • Why is it important for the materials to be arranged in alternating layers?
  • Were you able to improve your battery?
  • What happens if you connect the bulb the other way around in the circuit?
  • Will more layers make a more or less powerful battery?

ELA Assessment

How can you compare the performance of your battery to the batteries from the book?

What is the difference between a 1.5-volt battery and a 9-volt battery?

Describe in detail how without batteries, we would not be able to power many of the electronics we use every day and how does a battery store energy?

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Differentiation

One way to differentiate in this lesson is to provide some groups with a labelled diagram of their battery showing the detail of the individual cells and how the LED bulb completes the circuit.

Another option is to provide a plan for students to explain in their own words how their battery works and record how many cells were needed to make the LED bulb light up.

Remediation

Extension/Enrichment

Students who are successful right away can plan and investigate whether they can power any other electrical components from a coin battery, for example a motor.

• Investigate how long your coin battery will light up the bulb for.