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October 17, 2025

Tracy McManus, STEAM Coordinator

tmcmanus@cccoe.k12.ca.us

Building Thinking Classrooms in Science

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The purpose of this workshop is to establish routines for thinking and collaboration by planning to implement visibly random groups, vertical non-permanent surfaces, and tasks to achieve successful and equitable outcomes for each student. We will use these engagement strategies with the Next Generation Science Standards in K-12 instruction.

Purpose

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Meeting Outcomes

  1. Connect

Inclusive Welcome

2. Learn

Group Norms

3. Investigate

Building Thinking Classrooms

4. Debrief

Consolidation, Resources

5. Close

Optimistic Closure

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  1. Connect

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Inclusive Welcome

Turn and Talk

Please introduce yourself with your:

  • Name
  • Grade(s) you teach
  • Favorite Cross Cutting Concept

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2. Learn

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Building Thinking Classrooms

“If we want our kids to think, we need to give them something to think about -

something that will not only require thinking, but will also encourage thinking…”

-Peter Liljedahl (p.19)

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Group Norms Brainstorm

When you work in a team…

  • How do you want to be treated when you are thinking?
  • What do you want them to do when you are sharing an idea?
  • How do you want them to include you if you haven’t shared?
  • How do you want your questions to be answered?
  • What should you do when you are stuck?

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Learning Target

It takes a lot of intentional practice to be a good team member,

so today we are learning…

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Learning Target

Turn and tell a partner our selected Learning Target.

How will you show that you have met the target?

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Oranges

What do you already know?

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Balloons

What do you already know?

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3. Investigate

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Warm-Up with Phenomena

Oranges and Balloons

Squeezing the outside of an orange onto balloons causes them to pop.

But whatever balloons are made out of must be stronger than orange juice.

So what’s the deal? Is this a chemical reaction? A physical reaction?

What do you notice?

What do you wonder?

Visibly Random Groups

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Warm-Up with Phenomena

Oranges and Balloons

How could you design an investigation to test your ideas?

Visibly Random Groups

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Connection to the Next Generation Science Standards

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“...yes, it will take more time in the beginning, but you will earn all that back as your classroom becomes a thinking classroom.”

-Peter Liljedahl (p.33)

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Building Thinking Classrooms

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Building Thinking Classrooms

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Toolkit 1

  1. What types of Tasks we use
  2. How we form collaborative groups
  3. Where students work

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What studenting behavior did YOU demonstrate most throughout your K-12 experience?

“Studenting is what students do in a learning setting –some of which is learning.”

-Peter Liljedahl (p.7)

Mimicking

Faking

Slacking

Tried It

Stalling

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Studenting behaviors

for

“Now you try one” Tasks

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“Students will get stuck. They will think. And they will get unstuck. And when they do, they will learn-they will learn about mathematics, they will learn about themselves, and

they will learn how to think…”

“Good problem-solving tasks require students to get stuck and then to think, to experiment, to try and to fail, to apply their knowledge in novel ways in order to get unstuck.”

-Peter Liljedahl (p.19)

science

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Impact of Tasks

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Task Libraries

Task Annotation Project in Science

Tennessee District Science Network Task Library

Contextus Task Library

Authentic Tasks for Learning and Assessment in Science (ATLAS) coming January 2026 from Los Angeles County Office of Education

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4. Debrief

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Debrief

  • What are some characteristics you experienced in our “thinking classroom”?

  • What are some characteristics that shifted “teaching” practices to “facilitating learning” practices?

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What We Know about How Students Learn Mathematics (and Science)

Students learn best when they are actively engaged in questioning, struggling, problem solving, reasoning, communicating, making connections, and explaining—in other words, when they are making sense of the world around them. The research is clear that powerful mathematics classrooms are places that nurture student agency in math. Students are willing to engage in “productive struggle” because they believe their efforts will result in progress. They understand that the intellectual authority of mathematics rests in mathematical reasoning itself—mathematics makes sense! (Nasir, 2002; Gresalfi et al., 2009; Martin, 2009; Boaler and Staples, 2008). In these classrooms, mathematics represents far more than calculating. Active-learning experiences enable students to engage in a full range of mathematical activities—exploring, noticing, questioning, solving, justifying, explaining, representing, and analyzing. Through these experiences, students develop identities as powerful math learners and users.

-Mathematics Framework Revised Draft, ch.1, p.7, July 2023

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Group Work Turn and Talk

Find a partner and discuss the following questions:

What are you already doing with group work?

What does student engagement currently look like?

What do you want student engagement to look like?

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CAST - Plan with Purpose

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CAST Interim Assessments

More CAST Interim Assessments Available

  • 18 total CAST Interim Assessments are now available
  • Grades three, four, and five
      • Two interim assessments per grade level
  • Middle school and high school
      • Six interim assessments each
      • Two for each science domain

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Non Standardized Testing Environment Benefits

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Small Group Administration 

  • Small groups work collaboratively.
  • Time-efficient way to gather valuable data on student understanding.
  • Teachers can offer more targeted and specific feedback.
  • A single test item might encourage more active participation and engagement.

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Whole Class Administration 

  • The teacher can display a CAST interim assessment for the entire class to review.
  • The teacher pauses at specific moments to model how they are processing the information or solving the problem.
  • A single test item can be incorporated into various teaching contexts, such as a warm-up activity, exit ticket, or even during a lesson.

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Administration in Pairs

  • Administer the test to pairs of students.
  • Pairing students for a test fosters communication skills, mutual support, and the ability to learn from each other.
  • Students can receive instant feedback from their partner during the test.

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Administration With Additional Supports

  • Teachers provide additional supports that would not necessarily be allowed during a standardized administration.
  • Encourage students to ask questions that you would not be able to answer on a standardized administration, such as “what is this question asking me to do?”

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Reteaching and “Problem of the Day" Routine

  • This strategy can help students focus on one concept at a time.
  • Students can have academic discourse with one another or the whole class as they work through to solve each item.

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Connection to the Next Generation Science Standards

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Debrief

  • How does the structure of a BTC support our reluctant learners?

  • In what ways are students afforded opportunities to think critically, talk, and connect science ideas?

  • How does the BTC allow teachers formative insights into what their students know, understand and can do? How could you record this data?

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5. Close

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Revisiting our Learning Targets

  • I can begin to understand how to create more opportunities for student success , integrating different strategies and routines by building a “Thinking Classroom.”

  • I can establish routines for thinking and collaboration by planning to implement visibly random groups, vertical non-permanent surfaces, and tasks to achieve successful and equitable outcomes for each student.

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Optimistic Closure

Now that we’ve experienced a “Thinking Classroom”,

where will you begin?

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Resources

  • Building Thinking Classrooms website
  • Building Thinking Classrooms book
  • Building Thinking Classrooms (for Science Classrooms) Facebook group
  • Next Generation Science Standards CDE website
  • Science Framework CDE website

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Contact Information

Tracy McManus

STEAM Coordinator

Contra Costa County Office of Education

tmcmanus@cccoe.k12.ca.us