1 of 22

Systematic literature review

ETHICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION MODELS, METHODS, AND METRICS IN CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS PRACTICES

2 of 22

Businesses are under increasing pressure to act ethically and sustainably, but they lack clear ways to measure their progress. This research explores how businesses assess their ethical performance, aiming to identify the best methods and key metrics for a more responsible and ethical business environment.

Problem Statement

3 of 22

    • Growing stakeholder pressure on businesses to act ethically and sustainably.

​

    • Traditional compliance assessments are insufficient, needing broader focus on social, environmental, and supply chain ethics.

​

    • Greenwashing highlights the challenge of balancing genuine action with superficial image.

​

4 of 22

PRisma technique

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Provides a systematic and transparent framework for conducting and reporting systematic reviews across various domains, including environmental management (Shaffril et al., 2019)

Material Resources: Scopus and Google Scholars

5 of 22

Identification Stage

6 of 22

Identification Stage

7 of 22

Screening Stage

8 of 22

Eligibility Stage

9 of 22

REsult and findings

10 of 22

Result and Finding

11 of 22

Result and Finding

12 of 22

Result and Finding

13 of 22

Result and Finding

14 of 22

Result and Finding

15 of 22

Result and Finding

16 of 22

Result and Finding

17 of 22

Result and Finding

18 of 22

Conclusion

19 of 22

conclusion

Our findings show that that the methods commonly used by businesses to measure ethical performance are:

​

    • Internal
    • Employee surveys
    • Assessing adherence to Maqasid Shariah principles

​

    • External
    • Consumer/stakeholder surveys
    • Assessing adherence to Maqasid Shariah principles

​

    • Alternative Sources
    • Analyzing financial reports, website content

​

​

​

​

​

​

20 of 22

conclusion

The metrics used can be summarised thematically as follows

    • Internal
    • Ethical Work Climate
    • Ethical Judgment
    • Ethical Leadership
    • Organizational Culture
    • Human welfare, individual well-being

​

    • External
    • Ethical Work Climate
    • Ethical Judgment
    • Ethical Leadership
    • Organizational Culture
    • Societal advancement, environmental protection

​

    • Alternative Sources
    • Disclosed social, environmental, and ethical information

​

​

​

​

​

​

21 of 22

conclusion

Models:

    • Internal
    • Cognitive Computing Based Ethical Principle (Behera et al., 2022)
    • Ethical Climate framework (Simha & Stanusch, 2013)
    • Corporate Ethical Virtues (CEV) model (Huhtala et al., 2015)
    • Covalence Ethical Quote Index (Elayan et al., 2016)
    • Armenakis et al. study (2011)
    • Optimal Ethics System Model Benchmarking Tools (Collins, 2015)
    • Ethical Culture Scale (Tanner et al., 2019)
    • Lavorata's B2B Ethical Climate Measurement Scale (2007)
    • Maqasid Shariah index

​

    • External
    • Consumer Perceived Ethicality (CPE) model (Khan & Fatma, 2023)
    • Modified Ethical Commitment Index (ECI) (Zainul Abidin et al., 2020)
    • Business Ethics Index (BEI) (Tsalikis et al., 2006, 2007)
    • Maqasid Shariah Pentagon-Shaped Ethical Measurement

​

    • Alternative Sources
    • Comprehensive Social, Environment, and Ethics Disclosure Index (CSPDI) (Farag et al., 2015)

​

​

​

​

​

​

22 of 22

thank you