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The first Portuguese Version of Shakespeare’s Othello

The first Portuguese Version of Shakespeare’s Othello

Presentation by: Frederica Pereira & Mariana Freitas

ID: 569203641

· November, 17. 2022 ·

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Table of contents

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03

Aspects of the Portuguese Theatre During the Eighteenth Century

Shakespeare in Portugal: the First References

The Authorship of ‘Othello, or O Mouro de Veneza’

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Table of contents

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The Source Text and Other Preliminary Matters

Brandão’s Approach as a Translator

Conclusion

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The first Portuguese Version of Shakespeare’s Othello

01

Aspects of the Portuguese Theatre During the Eighteenth Century

ID: 569203641

· November, 17. 2022 ·

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Arcádia Lusitana

Arcádia Lusitana: literary academy whose purpose was to trim off the verbal excesses of the baroque poetry of the previous decades.

Teatro de Cordel: the plays were usually sold by blindmen who used to hang the booklets on a cordel (string).

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The import of foreign plays

  • The import of foreign plays made it easier to bypass the rigors of censorship and police interference.

  • Many plays were imported from Spain, Italy and France.

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The Portuguese Theatre

  • 1646: D. Francisco Manuel de Melo’s play “O Fidalgo Aprendiz

  • Satirical modes and dramatic language from Gil Vicente’s work

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The first Portuguese Version of Shakespeare’s Othello

Shakespeare in Portugal: the First References

02

ID: 569203641

· May, 4. 2022 ·

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The first written reference to Shakespeare ever made in Portugal

1762’s first Portuguese literary periodical Gazeta Litteraria, by Frei Bernardo de Lima, a priest of the Lóios congregation and a man of great culture.

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Shakespeare mentioned in two articles:

one in which Frei Bernardo de Lima analyses Camões’ work and the reception it was given by the Portuguese, and admonishes his readers to treasure their poet the same way the English cherish Shakespeare

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a second, that shows a certain knowledge of the original text as, in it, Frei Bernardo de Lima examines a study on the use of rhetoric from the pulpit in which lines from Julius and Caesar are quoted, and comments that the author should have quoted another part of the play and must have used Voltaire’s version, which evidences his familiarity with both texts

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The first Portuguese Version of Shakespeare’s Othello

03

The Authorship of “Othello, or O Mouro de Veneza

ID: 569203641

· November, 17. 2022 ·

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English impact in Oporto

  • French was the language of culture

  • Oporto was the center of the port wine trade and all the major firms belonged to Englishmen and they would share some of their cultural events

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Simão de Melo Brandão

  • Was a prebendary in the Cathedral of Oporto

  • Presumed to die on August of 1811

  • Buried in the Trinity Church

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The first Portuguese Version of Shakespeare’s Othello

The Source Text and Other Preliminary Matters

04

ID: 569203641

· November, 17. 2022 ·

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  • A complicated issue as Simão de Melo Brandão could have used any of the English editions owed by the Englishmen he knew in Oporto.

  • There are no records, reviews, or other documents on the kind of editions and versions available in Portugal at the time.

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‘Le Théâtre Anglois de Shakespeare’ (1746) is listed as so in the Portuguese National Library and is actually La Place’s French Version of the plays.

It’s very likely that Simão de Melo Brandão has used this version as a source text, since, at the time, French was definitely more familiar to Portuguese scholars and men of culture.

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The first Portuguese Version of Shakespeare’s Othello

05

Brandão’s Approach as a Translator

ID: 569203641

· November, 17. 2022 ·

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La Place’s Approach as a Translator

  • La Place’s version has the “strength” of the Shakespeare’s original play

  • La Place summarizes the action and comments on it

  • Cuts off dialogues and adds scenes

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“Those which seemed to him unnecessary and foreign to the action; those to indecent or coarse for the French reader; and those which too familiar or trivial”

  • Margaret Gilman

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Brandão’s Approach as a Translator

  • Brandão cuts scenes and completely eliminates characters

  • Makes scene divisions in accordance with the development of the dramatic action

  • The translation is scattered with traditional Catholic salutations.

  • He gives more attention to the essential dramatic conflict

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The first Portuguese Version of Shakespeare’s Othello

Conclusion

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ID: 569203641

· November, 17. 2022 ·

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The translation by Simão de Melo Brandão “appears to embody some of the typical literary and theatrical preferences of his time: strong emotions, a tight plot, a well-considered design of characters and action, a dramatic language free of rhetorical excess but powerful enough to arouse pity and fear.”

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Due to the many transformations through which it is distinguished from its French source, Brandão’s ‘Othello’ “gained obvious scenic qualities. Unlike La Place’s version, it would probably have become a success if it had reached the stage.”

“(...) a domestic tragedy (...) and as such reflects one of the elements of the bourgeois realism which characterised the drama of the Arcádia group.”